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22 results for “Genetic assimilation”
Data from: Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of cyp27c1 expression
<p>Code and Data associated with "Visual pigment chromophore usage in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation of <em>cyp27c1</em> expression"</p> <h2><span>Abstract</span></h2> <p><span>The wide-ranging photic conditions found across aquatic habitats may act as selective pressures potentially driving rapid evolution and diversity in the visual system of teleost fishes. Fine-tuning of visual sensitivities in many fish species relies on regulating the two components of visual pigments, the opsin protein and the chromophore. Many studies have focused on opsin gene expression or opsin sequence divergence in fishes inhabiting contrasting habitats. However, variation in chromophore usage across photic habitats has received less attention. Species from the Nicaraguan Midas cichlid complex, <em>Amphilophus </em>cf <em>citrinellus </em>[Günther 1864], have independently colonized seven isolated crater lakes of varying photic conditions resulting in repeated examples of small adaptive radiations. Here, we investigate variation in <em>cyp27c1</em>, the main enzyme involved in chromophore exchange, in response to photic environments in the wild, we measure its genetic component using laboratory-reared fish and test the effect of different rearing light conditions on <em>cyp27c1</em> expression. We found that photic environments significantly predict variation in <em>cyp27c1</em> expression in wild populations and that this variation seems to be genetically assimilated in two populations. We found that light-induced <em>cyp27c1</em> expression is variable across populations (i.e., genotype-by-environment interactions) and correlated with local photic conditions thus highlighting <em>cyp27c1</em> as a key factor of visual ecology in cichlid fishes.</span></p> <p><span>Keywords: <em>cyp27c1 </em>gene expression, sensory ecology, visual plasticity, Neotropical cichlids </span></p>
Data from: Is phenotypic plasticity use-it-or-lose-it? Exploring genetic assimilation of salinity-plastic traits across threespine stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) populations
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The evolution of phenotypic novelty through the genetic assimilation of broken symmetry
Most animals are symmetrical; however, widespread and impressive cases occur where symmetry has been broken. Breaks in symmetry can occur as anti-symmetry, where 50% of the population have the left side enlarged and 50% the right, or through directional asymmetry where the entire population is biased either to the left or the right. Such broken symmetry represents a novel phenotype that is challenging to explain from an evolutionary perspective, given that it has ultimately evolved from a symmetrical ancestor. Here, we use artificial selection to test the hypothesis that anti-symmetry can evolve through the genetic assimilation of a developmental error that occurs in the production of an environmentally cued threshold trait. We find that anti-symmetry in the legs of the acarid mite, Rhizoglyphus echinopus, is heritable and that we are able to increase the frequency of the anti-symmetrical males through artificial selection. We find no evidence that the developmental instability of anti-symmetrical males is associated with negative fitness consequences in terms of larval viability and inbreeding depression. Our study provides empirical support for the notion that developmental errors in the production of threshold traits can be the genesis for the subsequent genetic assimilation of the phenotypic novelty that is broken symmetry.
Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern
<p><span><span>Developmental plasticity allows genomes to encode multiple distinct phenotypes that can be differentially manifested in response to environmental cues. Alternative plastic phenotypes can be selected through a process called genetic assimilation; although the mechanisms are still poorly understood. We assimilated a seasonal wing color phenotype in a naturally plastic population of butterflies, and characterized three responsible genes. Combined with endocrine assays, and chromatin accessibility and conformation analyses, we found that the transition of wing coloration from an environmentally determined trait to a predominantly genetic trait occurred through selection for regulatory alleles of downstream wing patterning genes. This mode of genetic evolution is likely favored by selection because it allows tissue- and trait-specific tuning of reaction norms without affecting core cue detection or transduction mechanisms.</span></span></p>
Data from: Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages
The Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) has established more than 150 non-native populations in Central Europe, stemming from eight geographically distinct evolutionary lineages. While the majority of these introduced populations are found outside the native range, some of these populations also exist at the northern range margin in south-western Germany. In order to a) infer the level of hybridization in contact zones of alien and native lineages and b) compare the genetic diversity among purebred introduced, native and hybrid populations we used a combination of maternally inherited markers (mtDNA: cytb) and Mendelian markers (microsatellites). Our results suggest a rapid genetic assimilation of native populations by strong introgression from introduced lineages. Discordant patterns of mtDNA and nDNA variation within hybrid populations may be explained by directed mate choice of females towards males of alien lineages. In contrast to previous studies we found a non-linear relationship between genetic diversity and admixture level. The genetic diversity of hybrid populations was substantially higher than in introduced and native populations belonging to a single lineage, but rapidly reaching a plateau of high genetic diversity at an admixture level of two. However, even introduced populations with low founder sizes and from one source population retained moderate levels of genetic diversity and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck was found. The extent of introgression and the dominance of alien haplotypes in mixed populations indicate that introductions of non-native lineages represent a serious threat to the genetic integrity of native populations due to the rapid creation of hybrid swarms.
Data from: Parapatric genetic introgression and phenotypic assimilation: testing conditions for introgression between Hercules beetles (Dynastes, Dynastinae)
The prevalence and consequences of genetic introgression between species have been intensively debated. I used Hercules beetles as examples to test for conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of introgression. RADseq data were used to reconstruct the species tree and history of introgression between Hercules beetles. Image data from museum specimens were used to investigate the phenotypic similarity of two adaptive traits between species from two distinct climatic realms (Nearctic vs. Neotropical). Genetic introgression was identified between Hercules beetles living in geographic proximity (parapatric). Phylogenetic relatedness and phenotypic similarity did not predict nor preclude genetic introgression between species. Phenotypic assimilation in body coloration was evident between distantly related Hercules beetles codistributed in Central America, where directional introgression was also statistically supported from the putative donor to receiver lineages. The number of introgressed loci was significantly higher between species with than without phenotypic similarity. I discuss the implications of recent studies on adaptive genetic introgression by providing supporting evidence from the Hercules beetle system.
The evolution of phenotypic novelty through the genetic assimilation of broken symmetry
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Data from: Parapatric genetic introgression and phenotypic assimilation: testing conditions for introgression between Hercules beetles (Dynastes, Dynastinae)
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Data from: Introgression and phenotypic assimilation in Zimmerius flycatchers (Tyrannidae): population genetic and phylogenetic inferences from genome-wide SNPs
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Data from: Molecular investigation of genetic assimilation during the rapid adaptive radiations of East African cichlid fishes
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Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern
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Data from: Diabolical survival in Death Valley: recent pupfish colonization, gene flow, and genetic assimilation in the smallest species range on earth
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Data from: Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages
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Transcriptome assembly for: Genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation drives the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming across latitudes in a damselfly
<p><span>Global warming is causing plastic and evolutionary changes in the phenotypes of ectotherms. Yet, we have limited knowledge on how the interplay between plasticity and evolution shapes thermal responses and underlying gene expression patterns. We assessed thermal reaction norm patterns across the transcriptome and identified associated molecular pathways in northern and southern populations of the damselfly <i>Ischnura elegans</i>. Larvae were reared<i> </i>in a common garden experiment at the mean summer water temperatures experienced at the northern (20 °C) and southern (24 °C) latitudes. This allowed a space-for-time substitution where the current gene expression levels at 24 °C in southern larvae are a proxy for the expected responses of northern larvae under gradual thermal evolution to the predicted 4 °C warming. Most differentially expressed genes showed fixed differences across temperatures between latitudes, suggesting that thermal genetic adaptation will mainly evolve through changes in constitutive gene expression. Northern populations also frequently showed plastic responses in gene expression to mild warming, while southern populations were much less responsive to temperature. Thermal responsive genes in northern populations showed to a large extent a pattern of genetic compensation, i.e. gene expression that was induced at 24 °C in northern populations remained at a lower constant level in southern populations, and were associated with metabolic and translation pathways. There was instead little evidence for genetic assimilation of an initial plastic response to mild warming. Our data therefore suggest that genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation may drive the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming in this damselfly species.</span></p>
Transcriptome assembly for: Genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation drives the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming across latitudes in a damselfly
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A mechanistic basis for genetic assimilation in natural fly populations
GEO Series GSE255257. Drosophila melanogaster. 13 samples. Type: Other.
A mechanistic basis for genetic assimilation in natural fly populations
GEO Series GSE255496. Drosophila melanogaster. 105 samples. Type: Other; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Genetic compensation rather than genetic assimilation drives the evolution of plasticity in response to mild warming across latitudes in a damselfly
GEO Series GSE158138. Ischnura elegans. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
A mechanistic basis for genetic assimilation in natural fly populations
GEO Series GSE255494. Drosophila melanogaster. 72 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity and shifting thresholds of genetic assimilation in the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei
GEO Series GSE56510. Caenorhabditis remanei. 36 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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