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8 results for “Gentiana lutea”
Data from: The effect of pollination mode on seed performance of Gentiana lutea: a laboratory evaluation of seed germinability
Gentiana lutea L. (yellow gentian, Gentianaceae) is a protected orophyte of central and southern Europe, mainly threatened by the uncontrolled collection of its rhizome, used in traditional medicine and for liquor production. The species is self-compatible, but outcrossing mediated by pollinators is needed to obtain a viable progeny. In this study, we considered five natural populations belonging to the four subspecies of G. lutea. We performed controlled pollinations in the field (self- versus cross-pollination) followed by seed germination tests in laboratory conditions, adding a solution of gibberellic acid, in order to evaluate the seed performance. A cumulative index of inbreeding depression was calculated considering maternal reproductive output as well as seed performance traits. Seed weight and seed germination performance was similar between seeds resulting from naturally pollinated and pollen-augmented flowers and higher compared to selfed flowers, highlighting a disadvantage of selfing and the importance of cross-pollen transfer in natural conditions. However, in the small and isolated population of G. lutea subsp. symphyandra on Mt Grande we found a general reduction in seed germination rate, likely due to increased selfing or mating among close relatives as a consequence of a severe bottleneck. We discuss our results with regards to implications for conservation practices.
Fig. 6 in The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review
Fig. 6. Amarogentin was demonstrated to stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and reduce inflammation by up-regulating endothelial bitter taste receptors expressed on keratinocytes and mast cells.
Fig. 5. G in The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review
Fig. 5. G. lutea extract and its constituents could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation acting downstream of PDGF-receptor but upstream ERK1/2 leading to the slackening of the atherosclerotic process. At the same time, amarogentin could inhibit MAPKs and PLCγ activation avoiding platelet activation.
Fig. 4 in The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review
Fig. 4. Down-regulation genes implied in adipocyte differentiation. G. lutea extract and its constituent loganic acid are implied in the inhibition of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) involved in the regulation of genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpα), adiponectin (Adipoq), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), perilipin1 (Plin1), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4). On the other hand, amarogentin indirectly down-regulating PPARγ expression throughout the inhibition of recombinant aldose reductase (ALR2).
Fig. 3 in The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review
Fig. 3. The quality assessment is based on a checklist adapted from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The in vivo (indicated by blue bar) and clinical studies (indicated by red bar) have been classified in high, medium, and low risk of bias. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic representation of author origin country distribution, (b) number of articles per argument, (c) distribution of the selected studies by year of publication.
Fig. 1 in The healing bitterness of Gentiana lutea L., phytochemistry and biological activities: A systematic review
Fig. 1. Diagram of systematic review literature search results based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.
Data from: The effect of pollination mode on seed performance of Gentiana lutea: a laboratory evaluation of seed germinability
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