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50 results for “Geodia”
Data from: Taxonomy, biogeography and DNA barcodes of Geodia species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) in the Atlantic boreo-arctic region
Geodia species north of 60°N in the Atlantic appeared in the literature for the first time when Bowerbank described Geodia barretti and G. macandrewii in 1858 from western Norway. Since then, a number of species have been based on material from various parts of the region: G. simplex, Isops phlegraei, I. pallida, I. sphaeroides, Synops pyriformis, G. parva, G. normani, G. atlantica, Sidonops mesotriaena (now called G. hentscheli), and G. simplicissima. In addition to these 12 nominal species, four species described from elsewhere are claimed to have been identified in material from the northeast Atlantic, namely G. nodastrella and G. cydonium (and its synonyms Cydonium muelleri and Geodia gigas). In this paper, we revise the boreo-arctic Geodia species using morphological, molecular, and biogeographical data. We notably compare northwest and northeast Atlantic specimens. Biological data (reproduction, biochemistry, microbiology, epibionts) for each species are also reviewed. Our results show that there are six valid species of boreo-arctic Atlantic Geodia while other names are synonyms or mis-identifications. Geodia barretti, G. atlantica, G. macandrewii, and G. hentscheli are well established and widely distributed. The same goes for Geodia phlegraei, but this species shows a striking geographical and bathymetric variation, which led us to recognize two species, G. phlegraei and G. parva (here resurrected). Some Geodia are arctic species (G. hentscheli, G. parva), while others are typically boreal (G. atlantica, G. barretti, G. phlegraei, G. macandrewii). No morphological differences were found between specimens from the northeast and northwest Atlantic, except for G. parva. The Folmer cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment is unique for every species and invariable over their whole distribution range, except for G. barretti which had two haplotypes. 18S is unique for four species but cannot discriminate G. phlegraei and G. parva. Two keys to the boreo-arctic Geodia are included, one based on external morphology, the other based on spicule morphology.
FIGURE 4 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) COI phylogenetic tree of the Depressiogeodia clade. ML bootstrap supports (1,000 bootstrap replicates)> 70 are indicated. Numbers refer to NCBI Genbank accession numbers.
FIGURE 2 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 2. Geodia cf. barretti (NCPOR/HYD-CIO/0011) attached on a rock. B. thick section (cortex thickness 1 mm). Red arrow points at oxeas crossing the cortex. C. ortho/dichotriaene. D. oxeas I & II. E, F. sterraster. G. sterraster surface showing the rosettes with warts. H. strongylasters. I. oxyasters. D scale = 0.7 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Geodia barretti species (source: WPD database). The yellow coloured stars indicate COI haplotype 2: the new location from the SWIR and two specimens from the Flemish Cap in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean at a depth deeper than 1000 m. The simplified paths of NADW (North Atlantic Deep Water) and LCDW (Lower Circumpolar Deep Water) currents are represented.
FIGURE 3 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?
FIGURE 3. Comparative morphology of spicules in species of deep-sea Geodia belonging the the 'Depressiogeodia' clade. SEM pictures were all obtained from previous publications/figures, and reorganised here from the original photoshop files. A. microxeas. B. oxea. C. dichotriaene. D. strongylaster. E. oxyaster. F. sterraster. Geodia barretti, specimens ZMBN 105662 and 105665 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (modified from Fig. 4, Cárdenas & Rapp, 2015); Geodia hentscheli, specimen ZMBN 105680 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (modified from Fig. 6, Cárdenas & Rapp, 2015); Geodia garoupa, holotype, MNRJ 7349 from Brazil (modified from Fig. 1, Carvalho et al., 2016); Geodia williami, holotype, NIWA 64828 from New Zealand (modified from Fig. 36, Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2015).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) living in association with Geodia media Bowerbank (Mexican Pacific coast)
FIGURE 3. SEM images of skeletal characteristics of Haliclona (Haliclona) sonorensis sp. nov. A) oxeas; B) Detail of the tangential view of ectosomal skeleton.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) living in association with Geodia media Bowerbank (Mexican Pacific coast)
FIGURE 1. Map showing the distribution of Haliclona (Haliclona) sonorensis sp. nov. A) Bahía La Choya (Puerto Peñasco, Sonora). B) Punta Cazón (Bahía Kino, Sonora).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) living in association with Geodia media Bowerbank (Mexican Pacific coast)
FIGURE 4. Drawings of skeletal characteristics of Haliclona (Haliclona) sonorensis sp. nov. A) Detail of ectosomal skeletal reticulation; B) Detail of the cross-section of choanosomal skeletal structure; C) Different oxea morphologies.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Haliclona (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) living in association with Geodia media Bowerbank (Mexican Pacific coast)
FIGURE 2. External morphology of Haliclona (Haliclona) sonorensis sp. nov., the white arrows show the oscules of Haliclona (Haliclona) sonorensis sp. nov, and the black arrows show the oscular zone of Geodia media. A) Holotype MNCN 1.01/362 in fresh. B) Paratype BMNH: 2005.4.21.4 after preservation.
FIGURE 15. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 in Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species
FIGURE 15. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 [ZMBN 81780]: A. Plagiotriaene and sterrasters. Scale: 200 µm; B. Anatriaene cladome. Scale: 20 µm; C. Sterraster. Scale: 20 µm; D. Star–shaped smooth rosettes and hilum from a sterraster surface. Scale: 4 µm; E. Acanthoxyaster I. Scale: 4 µm; F. Acanthoxyaster II. Scale: 2 µm; G. Acanthoxyasters III. Scale: 2 µm; G. gibberosa [MNHN DT–608, holotype]: H. Smooth rosettes and hilum from a sterraster surface. Scale: 4 µm.
FIGURE 14. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815 in Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species
FIGURE 14. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815: A. Large specimen hanging at the tip of a mangrove root. It is overgrown by the purple sponge Chalinula molibta, algae and oysters. Scale: 6 cm; B. Specimen with characteristic tumulose shape; C. Close up of oscular plates of an overgrown specimen in situ. Each oscule is uniporal. Scale: 4 cm; G. gibberosa: [ZMBN 81780]: D. Close up of the cribriporal pores. Scale: 1 mm; E. Cross–section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome. Note the radial arrangement of the triaenes right under the cortex. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross–section of a uniporal oscule. mx: cortical microxeas. s: sphincter. plgt: plagiotriaene. Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a in Sponges of the Guyana Shelf
FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b1, details of b, c, ortho/plagiotriaene, c1, cladome of ortho/plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d1, details of d, e, sterraster, e1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters.
FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 7. Megascleres of the holotypes of (A) Geodia tylastra (MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999), (B) Rhabdastrella fibrosa (YPM 5730), and (C) Geodia corticostylifera (UFRJPOR 3098). A1, B1, C1: Choanosomal oxeas; A2, B2, C2: Cortical styles; A3, B3, C3: Cortical style ends; A4, B4. C4: Orthotriaenes.
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 9. Morphological and anatomical characters of Geodia polytriaena sp. nov. (A) Holotype UFSPOR 1130; (B) Detail of the lateral pre-oscula and uniporal oscules; (C) Cortex (cx) and choanosome (cho) in transversal section.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 6. Ectosome and choanosome in transversal section of Geodia tylastra Boury-Esnault, 1973, showing outer cortex (ocx), inner cortex (icx) and choanosome (cho). (A) MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999 (holotype); (B) YPM 5730 (holotype of Rhabdastrella fibrosa); (C) UFRJPOR 3098 (holotype of Geodia corticostylifera).
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 10. Spicules of Geodia polytriaena sp. nov. (holotype UFSPOR 1130). (A) Oxeas I; (B) Oxea II; (C) Orthotriaenes; (D) Dichotriaene cladome with a third ramification (broken); (E) Anatriaene cladome; (F) Mesotriaene (broken); (G) Sterraster; (H) Sterraster rosettes; (I) Oxyasters I; (J) Oxyasters II; (K) Strongylasters. (A–C, E, G–K: SEM).
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 8. Microscleres of the holotypes of (A) Geodia tylastra (MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999), (B) Rhabdastrella fibrosa (YPM 5730) and (C) Geodia corticostylifera (UFRJPOR 3098). A1, B1, C1: Sterrasters. A2, B2, C2: Oxyasters I. A3, B3, C3: Oxyasters II.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 5. Type specimens of (A–B) Geodia tylastra (Holotype MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 999); (C–D) Rhabdastrella fibrosa (Holotype YPM 5730); (E–F) Geodia corticostylifera (E, Paratype UFRJPOR 3714; F, Paratype UFRJPOR 2906). A, C, E, top views; B, D, F, side views.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy of Geodia and Rhabdastrella from the Brazilian coast: a new species new synonyms and redescription of Geodia tylastra (Demospongiae: Astrophorina Geodiidae and Ancorinidae)
FIGURE 3. Distribution of Geodia glariosa, Geodia tylastra and Geodia polytriaena sp. nov. Stars represent new species and new records (nr) and circles are previous records (pr) from the literature. See Tab. 2 for localities and references.
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