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FIGURE 4 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?

FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) COI phylogenetic tree of the Depressiogeodia clade. ML bootstrap supports (1,000 bootstrap replicates)> 70 are indicated. Numbers refer to NCBI Genbank accession numbers.

FIGURE 2 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?

FIGURE 2. Geodia cf. barretti (NCPOR/HYD-CIO/0011) attached on a rock. B. thick section (cortex thickness 1 mm). Red arrow points at oxeas crossing the cortex. C. ortho/dichotriaene. D. oxeas I & II. E, F. sterraster. G. sterraster surface showing the rosettes with warts. H. strongylasters. I. oxyasters. D scale = 0.7 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?

FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Geodia barretti species (source: WPD database). The yellow coloured stars indicate COI haplotype 2: the new location from the SWIR and two specimens from the Flemish Cap in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean at a depth deeper than 1000 m. The simplified paths of NADW (North Atlantic Deep Water) and LCDW (Lower Circumpolar Deep Water) currents are represented.

FIGURE 3 in Is the North Atlantic Geodia barretti (Porifera, Tetractinellida, Geodiidae) present on the Southwest Indian Ridge?

FIGURE 3. Comparative morphology of spicules in species of deep-sea Geodia belonging the the 'Depressiogeodia' clade. SEM pictures were all obtained from previous publications/figures, and reorganised here from the original photoshop files. A. microxeas. B. oxea. C. dichotriaene. D. strongylaster. E. oxyaster. F. sterraster. Geodia barretti, specimens ZMBN 105662 and 105665 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (modified from Fig. 4, Cárdenas & Rapp, 2015); Geodia hentscheli, specimen ZMBN 105680 from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (modified from Fig. 6, Cárdenas & Rapp, 2015); Geodia garoupa, holotype, MNRJ 7349 from Brazil (modified from Fig. 1, Carvalho et al., 2016); Geodia williami, holotype, NIWA 64828 from New Zealand (modified from Fig. 36, Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2015).

FIGURE 10 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 10. RAxML phylogenetic tree based on the COI nucleotide dataset, under the generalized time-reversible Gamma— GTRGAMMA—model. Bootstrap values>50 are given at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are given after each taxon name (we have only shown the part of the tree discussed in the article).

FIGURE 7 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 7. Caminella caboverdensis sp. nov., RMNH 3810, holotype. A. Mature sterraster. B. Oxyaster and Spherasters. C. Mature sterrasters and spherasters. D. Holotype (2 fragments).

FIGURE 8 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 8. Caminella pustula sp. nov. A. MNHN-IP-2008-4, the holotype is designated with a black arrow. B. MNHN-IP- 2008-148 (tag is 7 cm long). C. Close-up of holotype showing the oscules (right) and smaller pores (bottom left). D. Right specimen in B, MNHN-IP-2008-148, specimen measured in Table 1. E. Microscleres from holotype MNHN-IP-2008-4 (optical microscope) with sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. F. Focus on the sterraster from image E to show the complex sterraster surface.

FIGURE 9 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 9. Caminella pustula sp. nov., MNHN-IP-2008-4, holotype. A. Sterrasters. B. Young sterraster. C. Surface of mature sterraster. D. Oxyasters. E. Spherules.

FIGURE 6 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus Vosmaer (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C).

FIGURE 5 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from "lithistid" cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C).

FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex.

FIGURE 2 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol).

FIGURE 4 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the 'Carreiro Maldito' cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster.

FIGURE 1 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892) in blue, Caminella caboverdensis sp. nov. in orange, Caminella pustula sp. nov. in white.

FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters.

FIGURE 3. A in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 3. A, SEM photo of the bottom-side of a cortex peel. Dichotriaenes are embedded in the cortex with their cladomes. Rhabdomes reach into the choanosome. B, SEM photo of different spicule types of Erylus imperator. Oxeas, aspidasters and oxyasters are visible. C, Close-up of oval aspidaster. At upper margin of aspidaster an oxyaster with only one remaining ray, resembling a tylostyle, is visible. D, Oxyasters with different numbers of reduced rays. Reduced rays often visible as rounded knobs. Left margin shows part of an oxeon. E, Close-up of tylostyle-like, single-rayed oxyaster. F, Centrotylote microstrongyle at the ornamented surface of an aspidaster.

FIGURE 2. Erylus imperator n in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 2. Erylus imperator n. sp. A, Holotype. Group of circular apertures in the center, cortex with a lighter colour than the choanosome visible at lower left. B, Light microscopic section perpendicular to surface. Densely packed aspidasters of the cortex visible as dark band on the right. C, Cladome of dichotriaene, aspidaster and several oxyasters. D, Calthrops like triaenes. E, Style from lower left side to upper right side between apidasters and oxyasters. F, Light microscopic section parallel to the surface of the cortex. Anisomicrostrongyles, often centrotylote are restricted to the cortex.

FIGURE 5. A in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 5. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 1. Map of the Emperor Seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean showing the location of two new species of demosponges collected during this study. Taxa are as follows: Erylus imperator n. sp. (red circle) and Geodia arma n. sp. (yellow circles).