Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Result data related to "Tröndle et al (2020) -- Trade-offs between geographic scale, cost, and infrastructure requirements for fully renewable electricity in Europe"

The dataset contains aggregated result data of our study. See `README.md` for more information. If you use this data in an academic publication, please cite the following article: <blockquote> Tröndle, T., Lilliestam, J., Marelli, S., Pfenninger, S., 2020. Trade-offs between geographic scale, cost, and infrastructure requirements for fully renewable electricity in Europe. Joule. </blockquote> CHANGELOG: Version 1.2 (2020-09-28) * Add location name to scenario results. * Add scenario results in CSV format, next to already existing NetCDF format. * Remove capacity factors from scenario results. Version 1.1 (2020-07-17) * Remove macOS resource forks cluttering the zip file.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2021View details →

Artificial COVID-19 Cases in Paris and Geographic Data Useful for Geomasking

Artificial dataset of addresses of COVID-19 cases in Paris. The dataset was created to test geomasking techniques to be used on the real data collected by the French health administration. The dataset was used in the paper "Geographically Masking Addresses to Study COVID-19 Clusters" by Walid Houfaf-Khoufaf and Guillaume Touya. The dataset contains the following files: <ul> <li>roads_paris_IGN.shp contains the road lines from IGN France in Paris;</li> <li>buildings_paris_IGN.shp contains the building polygons from IGN France in Paris (useful to aggregate points to building groups);</li> <li>faces.shp contains the blocks built from the roads (useful to aggregate points to blocks);</li> <li>ban_75.shp contains all the address points in Paris from the open BAN database.</li> <li>artificial_COVID_cases.csv  contains the artificial COVID cases generated from 3 months in 2020 in the Paris area.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Biometry data to reveal geographic variation in Bramblings Fringilla montifringilla

Abstract The Brambling Fringilla montifringilla has a large breeding distribution across the entire Palaearctic taiga region. Birds in the Far East are more brightly coloured and formerly separated as subspecies subcuneolata (S. Cramp & C. M. Perrins 1994; Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. 8. Oxford University Press, Oxford). To reveal possible geographical variation in the size of the wing, primary feathers, bill, and in the extent of the partial post-juvenile moult, we present measurements taken from 579 skins of the Natural History Museum, Tring UK, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, Tromsø, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, and Finnish  Museum of Natural History, Helsinki. I thank I. C. J. Galbraith for allowing us to measure the birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, Tring UK, and the following museums and their curators for sending Brambling specimens to Switzerland more than 35 years ago: Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (Jon Fieldså), The Arctic University Museum of Norway, Tromsø (Hans-Petter Mannvik and Wim Vader), Natural History Museum, University of Oslo (Tore Slagsvold), Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (Renate van den Elzen), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Bo Fernholm), and Finnish  Museum of Natural History, Helsinki (Ann Forstén). I thank Raffael Winkler, Natural History Museum Basel for managing these specimen exchanges. I thank Susanne Jenni-Eiermann for help with measuring the large collection of the Natural History Museum at Tring). I thank Mark Adams (Natural History Museum, Tring UK), Peter A. Hosner (Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen), Geir Rudolfsen (The Arctic University Museum of Norway, Tromsø), Jan T. Lifjeld (Natural History Museum, University of Oslo), Till Töpfer (Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig), Ulf Johansson (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm), and Hanna Laakkonen (Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki) for updating the collection numbers of the specimens and giving permission to present these data here. Explanations of the variables can be found in the Excel-file.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Geographic range size and species morphology determines the organization of sponge host-guest interaction networks across tropical coral reefs (Raw data)

Datasets for the analysis developed in the Article "Geographic range size and species morphology determines the organization of sponge host-guest interaction networks across tropical coral reefs". For more information, please refer to the original publication. Network_Structural_Index_&_SpogeTraits.csv <- Structural Index for the sponge-dwelling fauna network, sponge accumulated area and sponges’ morphology. NWTA_CoralReefs_Sponges_ interactions.csv <- Relationship between host sponges and guest fauna in the Northwester Atlantic coral reefs NWTA_CoralReefs_Sponge_reacords.csv <- Sponge species incidence records in the Northwester Atlantic coral reefs sponges_morphological_description.csv <- Sponge morphological standardization Network.html <- Interactive sponge-dwelling fauna network Enjoy!

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Electron density and altitude of the main ionospheric peak of Mars as observed by Mars Express instruments. Archived data for the paper "Seasonal and geographical variability of the Martian ionosphere from Mars Express observations", submitted to JGR-Planets

This repository contains archived data for the manuscript "Seasonal and geographical variability of the Martian ionosphere from Mars Express observations", published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets. Details about the methods to generate the data can be found in the paper. 5 data files plus 2 readme text files are included. The file MEx_ionpeak.dat (described in the readme file README_ionpeak.txt) contains the peak electron densities and peak altitudes resulting from 34539 observations. Each record includes 14 columns. The content of each column is: Column 1: Instrument providing the observation (MARSIS or MaRS) Column 2: Mars Year at which the observation was obtained (from MY27 to MY33) Column 3: Solar Longitude (Ls) of the observation (unit: degrees) Column 4: Latitude of the observation (unit: degrees) Column 5: Longitude of the observation (unit: degrees) Column 6: Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) of the observation (unit: degrees) Column 7: F10.7 solar proxy index at 1 Astronomic Unit (unit: solar flux units) Column 8: Peak electron density measured by the instrument (unit: cm-3) Column 9: Peak electron density at the subsolar point, i.e., corrected for the SZA variation (unit: cm-3) Column 10: Peak electron density at the subsolar point and at F10.7 (1AU)=100, i.e., corrected for the SZA and the solar radiation output variations (unit: cm-3) Column 11: Peak electron density at the subsolar point, at F10.7 (1AU)=100 and corrected for the seasonal variation (unit: cm-3) Column 12: Peak altitude measured by the instrument (unit: km) Column 13: Peak altitude at the subsolar point, i.e. corrected for the SZA variation (unit: km) Column 14: Peak altitude at the subsolar point and corrected for the seasonal variation (unit: km)   The files eprofiles_MaRS.dat, eprofiles_MARSIS_prof1.dat, eprofiles_MARSIS_prof2.dat and eprofiles_MARSIS_prof3.dat contain 4 electron density profiles. They are described in the file README_eprofiles.txt. Each file includes 2 columns, the first one being the altitude (unit: km) and the second one the electron density (unit: cm-3).   Contact: Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo, ggalindo@iaa.es

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: The evolution of environmental tolerance and range size: A comparison of geographically restricted and widespread Mimulus

The geographic ranges of closely related species can vary dramatically, yet we do not fully grasp the mechanisms underlying such variation. The niche breadth hypothesis posits that species that have evolved broad environmental tolerances can achieve larger geographic ranges than species with narrow environmental tolerances. In turn, plasticity and genetic variation in ecologically important traits and adaptation to environmentally variable areas can facilitate the evolution of broad environmental tolerance. We used five pairs of western North American monkeyflowers to experimentally test these ideas by quantifying performance across eight temperature regimes. In four species pairs, species with broader thermal tolerances had larger geographic ranges, supporting the niche breadth hypothesis. As predicted, species with broader thermal tolerances also had more within-population genetic variation in thermal reaction norms and experienced greater thermal variation across their geographic ranges than species with narrow thermal tolerances. Species with narrow thermal tolerance may be particularly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions due to a lack of plasticity and insufficient genetic variation to respond to novel selection pressures. Conversely, species experiencing high variation in temperature across their ranges may be buffered against extinction due to climatic changes because they have evolved tolerance to a broad range of temperatures.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Genetic and morphological evidence of a geographically widespread hybrid zone between two crocodile species, Crocodylus acutus and Crocodylus moreletii

Hybrid zones represent natural laboratories to study gene flow, divergence and the nature of species boundaries between closely related taxa. We evaluated the level and extent of hybridization between Crocodylus moreletii and C. acutus using genetic and morphological data on 300 crocodiles from 65 localities. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic study that includes the entire historic range and sympatric zone of the two species. Contrary to expectations, Bayesian admixture proportions and maximum likelihood estimates of hybrid indexes revealed that most sampled crocodiles were admixed and that the hybrid zone is geographically extensive, extending well beyond their historical region of sympatry. We identified a few geographically isolated, non-admixed populations of both parental species. Hybrids do not appear to be F1s or recent backcrosses, but rather are more likely later-generation hybrids, suggesting that hybridization has been going on for several to many generations and is mostly the result of natural processes. C. moreletii is not the sister species of C. acutus, suggesting that the hybrid zone formed from secondary contact rather than primary divergence. Non-admixed individuals from the two species were distinguishable based on morphological characters, whereas hybrids had a complex mosaic of morphological characters that hinders identification in the wild. Very few non-admixed C. acutus and C. moreletii populations exist in the wild. Consequently, the last non-admixed C. moreletii populations have become critically endangered. Indeed, not only the parental species but also the naturally occurring hybrids should be considered for their potential conservation value.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data from: Fluctuation of ecological niches and geographic range shifts along chile pepper's domestication gradient

Domestication is an ongoing well-described process. However, while many have stud- ied the changes domestication causes in plant genetics, few have explored its impact on the portion of the geographic landscape in which the plants exist. Therefore, the goal of this study was to understand how the process of domestication changed the geographic space suitable for chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) in its center of origin (domestication). C. annuum is a major crop species globally whose center of domes- tication, Mexico, has been well-studied. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the degree to which ranges of different domestication classes diverged and how these ranges might be altered by climate change. To this end, we created ecological niche models for four domestication classes (wild, semiwild, landrace, modern cultivar) based on present climate and future climate scenarios for 2050, 2070, and 2090. Considering present environment, we found substantial overlap in the geographic niches of all the domestication classes. Yet, environmental and geographic aspects of the current ranges did vary among classes. Wild and commercial varieties could grow in desert conditions, while landraces could not. With projections into the future, habitat was lost asymmetrically, with wild, semiwild, and landraces at greater risk of territorial declines than modern cultivars. Further, we identified areas where future suitability overlap between landraces and wilds is expected to be lost. While range expansion is widely associated with domestication, we found little support of a con- stant niche expansion (either in environmental or geographical space) throughout the domestication gradient in chile peppers in Mexico. Instead, particular domestication transitions resulted in loss, followed by capturing or recapturing environmental or geographic space. The differences in environmental characterization among domes- tication gradient classes and their future potential range shifts increase the need for conservation efforts to preserve landraces and semiwild genotypes

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Data and R code used in: Plant geographic distribution influences chemical defenses in native and introduced Plantago lanceolata populations

Plants growing outside their native range may be confronted by new regimes of herbivory, but how this affects plant chemical defense profiles has rarely been studied. Using Plantago lanceolata as a model species, we investigated whether introduced populations show significant differences from native populations in several growth and chemical defense traits. Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) is an herbaceous plant species native to Europe and Western Asia that has been introduced to numerous countries worldwide. We sampled seeds from nine native and ten introduced populations that covered a broad geographic and environmental range and performed a common garden experiment in a greenhouse, in which we infested half of the plants in each population with caterpillars of the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. We then measured size-related and resource-allocation traits as well as the levels of constitutive and induced chemical defense compounds in roots and shoots of P. lanceolata. When we considered the environmental characteristics of the site of origin, our results revealed that populations from introduced ranges were characterized by an increase of chemical defense compounds without compromising plant biomass. The concentrations of iridoid glycosides and verbascoside, the major anti-herbivore defense compounds of P. lanceolata, were higher in introduced populations than in native populations. In addition, introduced populations exhibited greater rates of herbivore-induced volatile organic compound emission and diversity, and similar chemical diversity based on untargeted analyses of leaf methanol extracts. In general, the geographic origin of the populations had a significant influence on morphological and chemical plant traits, suggesting that P. lanceolata populations are not only adapted to different environments in their native range but also in their introduced range.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data from: Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes in Tanacetum vulgare mediates tansy aphid occurrence but not abundance

Intraspecific variation of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) exhibits diverse terpenoid profiles that affect insect communities. However, it is not fully known whether patterns of their chemical composition and associated insects vary beyond the community scale. Here, we investigated the geographic distribution of mono- and sesquiterpenoid chemotypes in tansy leaves and their relationships with specific insect communities across Germany. We sampled tansy leaves from ten plants with and five plants without aphids in each of 26 sites along a north-south and west-east transect in Germany. Hexane-extracted metabolites from leaf tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plant morphological traits, aphid occurrence and abundance, and occurrence of ants were recorded locally. The effect of plant chemotype, plant morphological parameters, and abiotic site parameters such as soil types, temperature and precipitation on insect occurrences were analyzed. Plants clustered into four monoterpenoid and four sesquiterpenoid chemotype classes. Monoterpene classes differed in their latitudinal distribution, whereas sesquiterpenes were more evenly distributed across the transect. Aphid and ant occurrence was influenced by monoterpenoids. Plants of monoterpenoid class 1 were colonized by aphids and ants significantly more often than expected by chance, whereas in other classes there were no significant differences. Aphid abundance was affected by soil type, and average annual temperature positively correlated with the occurrence of ants. We found significant geographic patterns in the distribution of tansy chemodiversity and show that monoterpenoids affect aphid and ant occurrence, while the soil type can influence aphid abundance. We show that geographic variation in plant chemistry influences insect community assembly on tansy plants.

FIGURE 4 in AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

FIGURE 4 Geographical distribution of morphological data sampling. (a) Location of collections sampled (n = 78 museums or scientific collections in 31 countries), with the number of specimens per collection indicated by bubble size (excluding seven specimens from unknown museums). Sampling of live-caught and released individuals (n = 14,177) is not shown. (b) The number of individual birds sampled from each of 206 administrative units (181 countries), combining museum and field sampling (removing cases not assignable to administrative units). Darker colours indicate a larger number of specimens; specimens lacking precise information on the country of origin (n = 12,775) are not included. (c) The completeness of species sampling in each 100 km grid cell. Colours show the proportion of species present in that cell with specimens sampled from the same country in which the cell is located; warmer colours indicate higher proportions. Species presence was mapped as the portion of the species range occurring within the country, because the specimen is unlikely to have originated from outside the natural range

FIGURE 2 in AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

FIGURE 2 Diagram of linear measurements of avian morphology presented in AVONET. (a) Resident frugivorous tropical passerine (fiery-capped manakin,Machaeropterus pyrocephalus) showing four beak measurements: (1) beak length measured from tip to skull along the culmen; (2) beak length measured from the tip to the anterior edge of the nares; (3) beak depth; (4) beak width. (b) Insectivorous migratory temperate-zone passerine (redwing, Turdus iliacus) showing five body measurements: (5) tarsus length; (6) wing length from carpal joint to wingtip measured on the unflattened wing; (7) secondary length from carpal joint to tip of the outermost secondary; (8) Kipp's distance, measured directly or calculated as wing length minus first-secondary length; (9) tail length. Protocols for measuring these traits are provided in Supplementary material. AVONET also includes body mass, and Hand-wing index (calculated from 6 to 8), making 11 traits in total. Illustration by Richard Johnson

FIGURE 1 in AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

FIGURE 1 The sampling of avian morphological traits over time. The number of species (above x axis) and the number of specimens (below x axis) measured for landmark studies along with their year of publication is indicated by the vertical bars. Each bar indicates the maximum number of species and specimens measured for any trait. The number of traits in each study is represented by circle sizes (continuous from 1 to 15, with examples shown in the legend). Studies openly providing raw trait data are indicated in black. AVONET contains the raw specimen-level data for Pigot et al. (2020), along with substantial expansion in coverage of both species and specimens-per-species. To provide historical context, coloured time periods correspond roughly to interest in 'ecomorphology' (blue) and 'functional traits' (red). Citations for studies not used in the main text are provided in the Supplementary Material

FIGURE 6 in AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

FIGURE 6 Species-level variation in avian functional traits in relation to geography and lifestyle. Hand-wing index (wing elongation) peaks towards high latitudes (a), and in species with aquatic and aerial lifestyles (b); relative tarsus length peaks at mid-latitudes and non-forest regions (c), and in species with terrestrial lifestyles (d); relative beak length peaks in the tropics, including rainforests (e), and in nectar feeders and aquatic predators (f). For maps, median trait values were calculated for 18,709 grid-cell assemblages worldwide. Darker colours indicate larger trait values. Assemblages were delimited by extracting species native resident or breeding distributions (n = 10,964 species for which both trait and geographical range data are available) onto an equal area grid with a cell resolution of ~100 km (Behrmann projection). Relative beak and tarsus length are the residuals of a linear regression of log-transformed tarsus and beak length (mm) against log-transformed body mass (grams). Species in (b,d) are classified according to primary lifestyle (predominant locomotory niche; insessorial = perching lifestyle). Species in (f) are classified according to primary diet following Pigot et al. (2020). Sample sizes (b,d,f) are numbers of species in each category

FIGURE 3 Morphological trait sampling for all bird families. AVONET contains 718,662 in AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

FIGURE 3 Morphological trait sampling for all bird families. AVONET contains 718,662 individual trait measurements, all of which are used to calculate species averages. However, sampling per species varies across families depending on taxonomy. Upper phylogram shows sampling under BirdLife International (11,009 species in 243 families). Families where sampling completeness is below 75% indicated by lighter shading. Most families with lower sampling are species poor (numbers in black circles show species richness). Lower panels show that sampling improves under more conservative taxonomic treatments of eBird (10,661 species in 249 families) and BirdTree (9993 species in 194 families). Coloured bars indicate the proportion of species in each family measured to different levels of completeness. 'Complete set' means a full set of all 9 core morphological traits (not necessarily from the same individual). 'Individuals' means any individual bird with one or more traits measured

FIGURE 5 AVONET presents raw morphological data for 90,020 in AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

FIGURE 5 AVONET presents raw morphological data for 90,020 individual birds at an average of 8.1–9.0 individuals per species (varying by taxonomy), providing a foundation for a new generation of studies investigating or accounting for intraspecific variance. This figure illustrates how variance is partitioned for a key morphological trait (beak length). Left-hand panels show that most variance is explained at higher taxonomic levels (orders, family and species), whereas intraspecific (individual) variation is contrastingly low, supporting the use of species averages in comparative studies. Curves are normal distributions based on SD; percentages (%) show proportion of variance at each level. Right-hand panels show beak length variance within families and within species (restricting to families with>5 species and species with>5 individuals measured; note different axis scales in upper and lower panel). Sequential ranks show a 'hockey-stick' distribution with examples of the most extreme outlier family (Scolopacidae) illustrated. Extreme within-species values for beak variance may reflect polymorphism or, in some cases, measurement error

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Data for Manuscript Geographic variation in thermo-hydroregulation biology Chabaud-et-al-2022

Data on Zootoca vivipara louislantzi populations in France on morphology and ecophysiological traits linked to water balance and thermoregulation