Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
54
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
54 results for “Geological time”
Geologic time scale - log-spiral
<p>The geologic time scale proportionally represented as a log-spiral. Some key events in Earth's history are marked on the diagram, including major extinction events, global scale glaciations, the intiation of permanent atmospheric oxygen, the formation of the moon, and the formation of Earth's magnetic field. The outer spiral arcs show components of the evolution of life on Earth. There are three versions available each with a light/dark text variant. One version uses the official International Commission on Stratigraphy colour scheme for the time scale and the scientific colours batlow colour scheme for life evolution. The other two versions use scientific colour maps batlow/glasgow and glasgow/batlow for their time scale and history of life evolution respectively. The light variants have black text in transparent regions and should be used for light backgrounds, while the dark variants have white text in transparent zones and should be used on dark backgrounds.</p> <p>Version 1.0.1 corrects a spelling error</p> <p>Version 1.0.2 fixes transposed eon/era labels and adds PDF versions.</p> <p>Version 1.0.3 corrects a spelling error</p> <p>The julia code used to generate the base of the image is provided. Further editing was done in Inkscape.</p>
Figure 2 in Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Figure 2. Cicada timetree built by BEAST v1.X, applying 1,534 bp COI sequence. OUTs with isolate number: our own analyzed specimens shown in Table 1, and others: from GenBank/DDJB. In outgroup Hemiptera; #: analyzed family by Johnson et al. (2018); % analyzed family by Misof et al. (2014). Inserted figure: Base substitution rate (= rate median shown at each node; substitutions per site per million year; s/s/myr) vs age (= posterior age shown at each node) diagram. Red approximate curve with its formula was drawn by Excel function, with the intersection for the curve = 0.0128 s/s/myr, the rate median shown on Tracer.
Figure 4 in Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Figure 4. Number of base changes of transition and tansversion vs corrected pairwide distance diagram for whole mitochondrial gene.
Figure 1 in Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Figure 1. Simplified cicada timetree built by BEAST v1.X, applying a 1,534 bp in maximum COI sequence. Inserted figure: Base substitution rate (= ratemedian shown at each node; substitutions per siteper millionyear; s/s/ myr) vsage (= posterior age shown at each node) diagram. Red approximate curve with its formula was drawn by an Excel function, with the intersection for the curve = 0.0128 s/s/myr, the rate median shown on Tracer.
Figure 3 in Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Figure 3. Cicada timetree built by BEAST v1.X, applying 1,534 bp COI and 874 bp 18S rRNA sequences. OUTswith isolate number: our own analyzed specimens shown in Table 1, and others: from GenBank/DDJB. In outgroup Hemiptera; #: analyzed family by Johnson et al. (2018); % analyzed family by Misof et al. (2014). Inserted figure: Base substitution rate (= rate median shown at each node; substitutions per site per million year; s/s/myr) vs age (= posterior age shown at each node) diagram. Red approximatecurve with its formulawas drawn by Excel function, with the intersection for the curve = 0.0114 s/s/myr, the rate median shown on Tracer. Note that this rate is a little slower than thatsolely of COI in Figures 1 and 2, reflecting slowerrate of 18S rRNAthan COI (see Osozawa et al. 2017a).
Abiotic controls on warm-water carbonates through geological times
<p>Evaluation of global carbonate distribution and accumulation over the past 265 Myr accounting for changes in paleogeography, plate tectonics, and paleo-climatic conditions.</p>
Dawidziuk, 2002, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, Arctic Canada. 28. Spinograptus spinosus Wood, 1900, L. nilssoni Biozone, EEP, Poland. 29. Spinograptus latespinosus Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1997. 30. Spinograptus munchi Eisenack, 1951, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, EEP, Poland. 31. Papiliograptus papilio Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 2002, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, Arctic Canada. 32. Plectograptus? karlsteinensis Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, Lenz, and Štorch, 2001, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, Barrandian. 33. Neogothograptus thorsteinssoni Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 2004, L. progenitor Biozone, Arctic Canada. 34. Neogothograptus alatiformis Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 2004, L. progenitor Biozone, Arctic Canada. 35. Neogothograptus purus Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1995, EEP, Poland. 36. Holoretiolites mancki (Münch, 1931). 37. Holoretiolites helenaewitoldi sp. nov., L. progenitor Biozone, EEP, Poland. 38. Plectograptus wimani Eisenack, 1951, N. nilssoni Biozone, Baltic erratic boulder, Poland. 39. Plectograptus robustus Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983, L. nilssoni Biozone, EEP, Kaliningrad. 40. Plectograptus macilentus Törnquist, 1887, L. scanicus Biozone, Baltic erratic boulder, Poland. 41. Semiplectograptus urbaneki Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1995, Cucullograptus hemiaversus/C. aversus Biozone, EEP, Poland. 42. Plectodinemagraptus gracilis Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1995, Cucullograptus hemiaversus/C. aversus Biozone, EEP, Poland. Figures adapted from: 1, Melchin (1999); 2, 4–5, Bouček and Münch (1944); 3, holotype photographed by A. Lenz; 6, 9, Bates and Kirk (1992); 7, Bates and Kirk (1997); 8, Štorch (1994); 10–15, 38, 40–42, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1995); 16, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2001); 17–21, Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2001); 22, 25, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1990); 23, 35, photo taken by author; 24, 32, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk et al. (2001); 26, 27, 31, Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2002a); 28, 35, photo taken by author; 29, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1997); 30, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2002; 36, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk and Lenz (2001); 37, this paper; 39, Obut and Zaslavskaya (1983). Not to scale. Abbreviations: RD, Rhuddanian; SHEIN, Sheinwoodian; GORST, Gorstian; LUDF, Ludfordian. Biozonal scheme after Koren' et al. 1996; Geological time scale by International Commission on Stratigraphy, International Union of Geological Sciences 2004 (www.stratigraphy.org) in Evolution of retiolitid graptolites-a synopsis
Dawidziuk, 2002, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, Arctic Canada. 28. Spinograptus spinosus Wood, 1900, L. nilssoni Biozone, EEP, Poland. 29. Spinograptus latespinosus Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1997. 30. Spinograptus munchi Eisenack, 1951, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, EEP, Poland. 31. Papiliograptus papilio Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 2002, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, Arctic Canada. 32. Plectograptus? karlsteinensis Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, Lenz, and Štorch, 2001, C. praedubeli/C. deubeli Biozone, Barrandian. 33. Neogothograptus thorsteinssoni Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 2004, L. progenitor Biozone, Arctic Canada. 34. Neogothograptus alatiformis Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 2004, L. progenitor Biozone, Arctic Canada. 35. Neogothograptus purus Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1995, EEP, Poland. 36. Holoretiolites mancki (Münch, 1931). 37. Holoretiolites helenaewitoldi sp. nov., L. progenitor Biozone, EEP, Poland. 38. Plectograptus wimani Eisenack, 1951, N. nilssoni Biozone, Baltic erratic boulder, Poland. 39. Plectograptus robustus Obut and Zaslavskaya, 1983, L. nilssoni Biozone, EEP, Kaliningrad. 40. Plectograptus macilentus Törnquist, 1887, L. scanicus Biozone, Baltic erratic boulder, Poland. 41. Semiplectograptus urbaneki Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1995, Cucullograptus hemiaversus/C. aversus Biozone, EEP, Poland. 42. Plectodinemagraptus gracilis Kozłowska−Dawidziuk, 1995, Cucullograptus hemiaversus/C. aversus Biozone, EEP, Poland. Figures adapted from: 1, Melchin (1999); 2, 4–5, Bouček and Münch (1944); 3, holotype photographed by A. Lenz; 6, 9, Bates and Kirk (1992); 7, Bates and Kirk (1997); 8, Štorch (1994); 10–15, 38, 40–42, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1995); 16, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2001); 17–21, Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2001); 22, 25, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1990); 23, 35, photo taken by author; 24, 32, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk et al. (2001); 26, 27, 31, Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (2002a); 28, 35, photo taken by author; 29, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk (1997); 30, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2002; 36, Kozłowska−Dawidziuk and Lenz (2001); 37, this paper; 39, Obut and Zaslavskaya (1983). Not to scale. Abbreviations: RD, Rhuddanian; SHEIN, Sheinwoodian; GORST, Gorstian; LUDF, Ludfordian. Biozonal scheme after Koren' et al. 1996; Geological time scale by International Commission on Stratigraphy, International Union of Geological Sciences 2004 (www.stratigraphy.org)
Data for "Sea-level stability over geologic time owing to limited deep subduction of hydrated mantle"
<p>This repository contains data to reproduce the results displayed in the manuscript : "Sea-level stability over geologic time owing to limited deep subduction of hydrated mantle" by Cerpa, N. G., Arcay, D., & Padron-Navarta J. A.<br> The data includes the P-T paths and the slab-water retention for the 56 modeled subduction transects. </p>
Evidence of cospeciation between termites and their gut bacteria on a geological time scale
<p>Termites host diverse communities of gut microbes, including many bacterial lineages only found in this habitat. The bacteria endemic to termite guts are transmitted via two routes: a vertical route from parent colonies to daughter colonies and a horizontal route between colonies sometimes belonging to different termite species. The relative importance of both transmission routes in shaping the gut microbiota of termites remains unknown. Using bacterial marker genes derived from the gut metagenomes of 197 termites and one Cryptocercus cockroach, we show that bacteria endemic to termite guts are mostly acquired by vertical transfers. We identified eighteen lineages of gut bacteria showing cophylogenetic patterns with termites over tens of millions of years. Horizontal transfer rates estimated for these lineages compared to those of fifteen mitochondrial genes suggested that sixteen bacterial lineages present cophylogenetic patterns that could be explained by a model involving no horizontal transfers. Some of these associations probably date back more than 150 million years and are an order of magnitude older than the cophylogenetic patterns between mammalian hosts and their gut bacteria. Our results suggest that termites have cospeciated with their gut bacteria since first appearing in the geological record.</p>
Data from: Interaction of sequence data and paleogeographic priors in biogeographic dating: How could biological data inform time-constrained geological models?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Evidence of cospeciation between termites and their gut bacteria on a geological time scale
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Postglacial recolonization of North America by spadefoot toads: integrating niche and corridor modeling to study species' range dynamics over geologic time
<p>Understanding the factors that shape species' distributions is a key topic in biogeography. As climates change, species can either cope with these changes through evolution, plasticity or by shifting their ranges to track the optimal climatic conditions. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is a widespread technique in biogeography that estimates the niche of the organism by using occurrences and environmental data to estimate species' potential distributions. ENMs are often criticized for failing to take species' dispersal abilities into consideration. Here, we attempt to fill this gap by combining ENMs with dispersal and corridor modeling to study the range dynamics of North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopodidae) over the Holocene. We first estimated the current and past distributions of spadefoot toads and then estimated their past distributions from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present day. Then, we estimated how each taxon recolonized North American by using dispersal and corridor modeling. By combining these two modeling approaches we were able to 1) estimate the LGM refugia used by the North American spadefoot toads, 2) further refine these projections by estimating which of the putative LGM refugia contributed to the recolonization of North America via dispersal, and 3) estimate the relative influence of each LGM refugium to the current species' distributions. The models were tested using previously published phylogeographic data, revealing a high degree of congruence between our models and the genetic data. These results suggest that combining ENMs and dispersal modeling over time is a promising approach to investigate both historical and future species' range dynamics.</p>
Data from: Controls on niche stability in geologic time Congruent responses to biotic and abiotic environmental changes among Cincinnatian (Late Ordovician) marine invertebrates
The set of environmental conditions under which a taxon can survive and maintain viable populations, known as the ecological niche, is a fundamental determinant of a taxon's distribution. Because of the central importance of ecological niches, they have been assumed to remain relatively stable during intervals of morphological stasis. However, the assumption of niche stability has rarely been tested directly with fossil data spanning multiple temporal intervals. Thus, the conditions under which this assumption is likely to be accurate are not well understood. In this study, we use ecological niche modeling (ENM) to reconstruct the ecological niche for 11 genera of marine benthos (crinoids, trilobites, molluscs, bryozoans, and corals) from the Type Cincinnatian Series (Late Ordovician, Katian Stage) across nine temporal intervals spanning approximately three million years. This interval includes both abiotic environmental change (gradual sea-level fall) and biotic change (rapid pulses of the Richmondian Invasion), thus allowing the relative effect of different environmental perturbations to be constrained. A previous symmetrical analysis of niche stability of brachiopod species recovered an increase in niche evolution following the Richmondian Invasion. Herein we test the generality of the brachiopod pattern within the community. Niche stability was evaluated in geographic space, ecological space, and niche parameter space. Niche stability varied through time; during the Pre-Invasion interval, taxa exhibited niche stability during gradual shallowing of sea level in the basin, whereas niche evolution became more common during the Richmondian Invasion. Taxa adjusted to the increased competition by altering aspects of their niche. Notably, surviving taxa contracted their niche into a subset of their previous niche parameters. This represents an adaptive response to increased competition for resources with the newly established invader taxa, and it was employed most successfully by generalist taxa. Patterns of niche evolution were congruent between clades, among feeding styles, and across taxonomic levels.
FIG UR E 3 (a) Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed in BEAST based on COI, 16S and ATPα. Node labels denote divergence times in millions of years ago (Ma); node bars indicate the 95% credibility interval around these dates. Small squares at nodes indicate significant support of divergence events found with BEAST and other phylogenetic analyses (see Figures S2.1 and S2.2), as explained through the key. Where MOTUs (A–R) show conspecifics among a number of morphospecies, species names are given in order of their year of description. Morphospecies, incorporated from GenBank, where determination was potentially dubious are highlighted by an asterisk. Clades (C) and subclades (SC) are demarcated by dashed lines between MOTUs. (b) LTT plots indicating the build‐up of lineages in Theodoxus over geological time. Dashed lines surrounding the solid LTT lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Where intra‐ and interspecific diversity diverge, interspecific diversity is highlighted in blue and intraspecific diversity in red. Transitions in geological ages are highlighted by narrow grey lines, while the grey bar marks the period of pronounced glacial cycles (last 900 kyr) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] in Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions
FIG UR E 3 (a) Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed in BEAST based on COI, 16S and ATPα. Node labels denote divergence times in millions of years ago (Ma); node bars indicate the 95% credibility interval around these dates. Small squares at nodes indicate significant support of divergence events found with BEAST and other phylogenetic analyses (see Figures S2.1 and S2.2), as explained through the key. Where MOTUs (A–R) show conspecifics among a number of morphospecies, species names are given in order of their year of description. Morphospecies, incorporated from GenBank, where determination was potentially dubious are highlighted by an asterisk. Clades (C) and subclades (SC) are demarcated by dashed lines between MOTUs. (b) LTT plots indicating the build‐up of lineages in Theodoxus over geological time. Dashed lines surrounding the solid LTT lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Where intra‐ and interspecific diversity diverge, interspecific diversity is highlighted in blue and intraspecific diversity in red. Transitions in geological ages are highlighted by narrow grey lines, while the grey bar marks the period of pronounced glacial cycles (last 900 kyr) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 1. Shells.A–J in Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Figure 1. Shells.A–J, Pupilla alpicola (A–E, lowland populations"P.pratensis"; F–J, typical mountain populations).K–P, P.loessica. Q–T, P. muscorum. A, M_6001_3_1, Lake Galenbeck (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). B, SMNS-ZI0138340, type locality Dinkelscherben near Augsburg (Bavaria, Germany). C, M_846_1_2, Burgtonna (Thuringia, Germany), fossil from Early
Figure 6 in Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Figure 6. Thin-plate splines illustrating (theoretical) transitions in shape, side view, exaggeration 5 times. A, fossil P. loessica → extant P. loessica. B, fossil P. pratensis (including P. m. densegyrata) → extant P. pratensis. C, fossil P. pratensis (including P. m. densegyrata) → extant P. alpicola. D, extant P. pratensis → P. alpicola. E, extant P. loessica→ P. alpicola. F, fossil P. muscorum → extant P. muscorum.
Figure 8 in Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Figure 8. Phylogenetic tree based on COI. 50% majority rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis with posterior probabilities/bootstrap support values (from maximum likelihood analysis). Sample abbreviations and groups of samples are given in Tables 1 and 3.
Figure 11 in Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Figure 11. Pupa muscorum var. pratensis. Series of four shells from type locality Dinkelscherben near Augsburg (Germany) in frontal and lateral view. A, neotype SMNS-ZI0138339. B–D, SMNS-ZI0138341.
Figure 10 in Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Figure 10. Pupilla loessica. Series of four shells from type locality Předmostí at Přerov (Czech Republic, fossil from Saalian loess) in frontal and lateral view. A is the designated neotype. All deposited at the National Museum of Prague.
Figure 7 in Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)
Figure 7. Shell microsculpture (SEM micrographs). A–T, P. loessica. U–Z, P. alpicola. a–d, P. alpicola (morphogroup P. m. densegyrata). e–h, P. alpicola (lowland populations "P. pratensis"). i–j, P. muscorum. A–B, M_4559, Altai, Saylyugem (Russia). C–D, M_4575, Altai, Saylyugem (Russia). E–F, H_MC409, Altai, Dzhazator (Russia). G–H, M_3970, Khatgal, shore of Lake Khövsgöl Nuur (northern Mongolia). I–J, M_2523_2, Yelantsy near Lake Baikal (Russia). K–L, M_2523_1, Yelantsy near Lake Baikal (Russia). M–N, M_994, Karsdorf (Saxony Anhalt, Germany), fossil from Early Saalian. O–P, M_459, Zeuchfeld (Saxony
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.