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130 results for “Gliding”
Visual and inertial data for validation of gliding models of ornithopters
<p>This dataset contains data from different gliding flights with an ornithopter in low wind conditions. For each experiment, the inertial information is provided.</p> <p>Additionally, the flights have been recorded from three different points of view to track and triangulate its position. The videos are provided and the position of the camera has been determined using a Leica Total Station system with submillimeter accuracy. A sample of the 2D track of the ornithopter is provided for each video and experiment. The tracking along the three cameras are synchronized.</p> <p> </p> <p>------Camera Pose structure------</p> <p> </p> <p>Three cameras with four points: three to measure orientation and the last one the lens position. The last two points are the measured fall.<br> Camera 1 -> top left, bottom left and top right.<br> Camera 2 -> top left, top rigth and bottom right.<br> Camera 3 -> top left, bottom left and top right.<br> Then there are 14 rows. The pattern is: Point1, Point2, Point3 and Lens Position.</p> <p>------IMU structure------</p> <p>time, quaternion w, quaternion x, quaternion y, quaternion z, accelerometer x, accelerometer y, accelerometer z, Gyroscope x, Gyroscope y, Gyroscope z, magnetometer x ,magnetometer y ,magnetometer z<br> units: time->ms, accelerometer->g, gyroscope->ยบ/s</p> <p> </p>
Gliding motility of the diatom Craspedostauros australis correlates with the intracellular movement of raphid-specific myosins
<p>Abstract:</p> <p>Raphid diatoms are one of the few eukaryotes capable of gliding motility, which is remarkably fast and allows for quasi-instantaneous directional reversals. Besides other mechanistic models, it has been suggested that an actomyosin system provides the force for diatom gliding. However, <em>in vivo</em> data on the dynamics of actin and myosin in diatoms are lacking. In this study we demonstrate that the raphe-associated actin bundles required for diatom movement do not exhibit a directional turnover of subunits and thus their dynamics do not contribute directly to force generation. By phylogenomic analysis we identified four raphid diatom-specific myosins in <em>Craspedostauros australis</em> (CaMyoA-D) and investigated their <em>in vivo</em> localization and dynamics through GFP-tagging. Only CaMyoB-D but not CaMyoA exhibited coordinated movement during gliding, consistent with a role in force generation. The characterization of raphid diatom-specific myosins lays the foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms that underlie the gliding motility of diatoms.</p> <p><br>This dataset contains all microscopy data used for confocal and TIRFM imaging, with all additional elements required to reproduce figures in the manuscript "Gliding motility of the diatom Craspedostauros australis correlates with the intracellular movement of raphid-specific myosins". The dataset also contains code used to generate plots and analyze microscopy data, as well as protein sequences and code used to generate the phylogenomic tree in the paper. </p>
Fig. 6 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 6. Comparison of dorsal view of webbings of A, R. reinwardtii, B, R. norhayatiae, and C, R. reinwardtii var. lateralis. The webbing colouration of R. reinwardtii var. lateralis is predominantly black which is most similar to R. norhayatiae rather than to R. reinwardtii. The figure of R. reinwardtii var. lateralis was modified from Werner (1900).
Fig. 3 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 3. Sumatran specimen of R. norhayatiae, MZB Amph 32625. A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, dorsolateral view; D, webbing of left hand. Scale = 10 mm.
Fig. 1 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 1. Sampling sites of R. cf. norhayatiae MZB Amph 32625, R. cf. reinwardtii MZB Amph 32626, MZUA 210115‒210116, and R. nigropalmatus MZUA 210113 ‒ 210114, MZB Amph 32627 in Sumatra.
Fig. 5 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 5. Sumatran specimen of R. reinwardtii MZB Amph 32626. A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, dorsolateral view; D, webbing of hands. Scale = 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 4. Comparison of black pigmentation on flanks between A, preserved Sumatran R. norhayatiae MZB Amph 32625 and B, R. reinwardtii MZB Amph 32626.
Fig. 2 in Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree illustrating the placement of the Sumatran specimens. The numbers near the node branches represent bootstrap supports for ML and Bayesian posterior probability (ML/BP).
The stability implications of drag minimization by tail action modelled in the gliding barn owl (<em>Tyto alba</em>)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Enhanced reforming of mixed biomass tar model compounds using a hybrid gliding arc plasma catalytic process
<p>Datasheet for the paper; DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.046</p>
How biomechanics, path-planning and sensing enable gliding flight in a natural environment
<p>Gliding animals traverse cluttered aerial environments when performing ecologically relevant behaviours. However, it is unknown how gliders execute collision-free flight over varying distances to reach their intended target. We quantified complete glide trajectories amid obstacles in a naturally behaving population of gliding lizards inhabiting a rainforest reserve. In this cluttered habitat, the lizards used glide paths with fewer obstacles than alternatives of similar distance. Their takeoff direction oriented them away from obstacles in their path and they subsequently made mid-air turns with accelerations of up to 0.5 g to reorient towards the target tree. These manoeuvres agreed well with a vision-based steering model which maximized their bearing angle with the obstacle while minimizing it with the target tree. Nonetheless, negotiating obstacles reduced mid-glide shallowing rates, implying greater loss of altitude. Finally, the lizards initiated a pitch-up landing manoeuvre consistent with a visual trigger model, suggesting that the landing decision was based on the optical size and speed of the target. They subsequently followed a controlled-collision approach towards the target, ending with variable impact speeds. Overall, the visually guided path-planning strategy that enabled collision-free gliding required continuous changes in the gliding kinematics such that the lizards never attained theoretically ideal steady state glide dynamics.</p>
Data from: Gliding for a free lunch: biomechanics of foraging flight in Common Swifts (Apus apus)
Although the biomechanics of animal flight have been well studied in laboratory apparatus such as wind tunnels for many years, the applicability of these data to natural flight behaviour has been examined in few instances and mostly in the context of long-distance migration. Here we use rotational stereo-videography to record the free-flight trajectories of foraging common swifts. We find that despite their exquisite manoeuvring capabilities, the swifts only rarely performed high-acceleration turns. More surprisingly, we also found that despite feeding on tiny insects likely moving with ambient flow, the birds adjust their air speed to optimize cost of transport over distance. Finally, swifts spent only 25% of their time flapping; the majority of time (71%) was spent in extended wing gliding during which the average power expended for changes in speed or elevation was 0.84 W kg-1 and not significantly different from 0. Thus, gliding swifts extracted sufficient environmental energy to pay the cost of flight during foraging.
Vocal range and ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence in gliding mammals and their relatives
<p>Gliding is only present in six extant groups of mammals – interestingly, despite divergent evolutionary histories, all mammalian gliders are strictly nocturnal. Gliding mammals also seem to have relatively high rates of ultrasound use and ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence (UVP) in contrast with their close relatives. Therefore, we hypothesized that, despite diverging lineages, gliding mammals use similar modes of cryptic communication compared to their non-gliding counterparts. We developed two datasets containing the vocal range (minimum-maximum of the dominant harmonic; kHz) and UVP of 73 and 82 species, respectively; we report five novel vocal repertoires and 57 novel observations of the presence or absence of UVP. We complemented these datasets with information about body size, diel activity patterns, habitat openness, and sociality to explore possible covariates related to vocal production and UVP. We found that the maximum of the dominant harmonic was significant higher in gliding mammals when vocalizing than their non-gliding relatives. Additionally, we found that nocturnality was the only significant predictor of UVP, consistent with the previous hypothesis that luminophores primarily drive UVP in mammal fur. In contrast, however, we did not find UVP ubiquitous in nocturnal mammals, suggesting that some unknown process may contribute to variation in this trait.</p>
Data from: The postcranial skeleton of the gliding reptile Coelurosauravus elivensis Piveteau, 1926 (Diapsida, Weigeltisauridae) from the late Permian of Madagascar
<p>RTI photographs of remains of <em>Coelurosauravus elivensis</em> Piveteau, 1926 (late? Permian, Madagascar). Trunk and forelimb of MNHN.F.MAP327a in right lateral view, carpus of MNHN.F.MAP327a in ventral view, and pes of MNHN.F.MAP325a (lectotype) in ventral view.</p> <p>Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is a method that computes an 'interactive specimen' on which the illumination can be oriented at will. Sets of 54 photographs under different LED sources were compiled using the RTIBuilder software. The RTI files can be opened using the RTI vewer software (both softwares are freely available at www.culturalheritageimaging.org).</p>
Effect of the lips on the gliding performance of the Chrysopelea paradisi snake with 2D PetIBM on Azure (repro-packs)
<p>Reproducibility packages (data and scripts) to generate the figures of the chapter "Aerodynamic effects of the snake lips" (section "Two-dimensional study with PetIBM on Azure") in Olivier Mesnard's Ph.D. Thesis.</p> <p>The dataset also includes the Docker image used to run 2D PetIBM simulations in a container-based environment on Microsoft Azure Batch.</p> <p>(See README at <a href="https://github.com/barbagroup/snake-lips-2d">github.com/barbagroup/snake-lips-2d</a> for details on how to reproduce the figures.)</p>
Effect of the lips on the gliding performance of the Chrysopelea paradisi snake with 3D OpenFOAM on Azure (repro-packs)
<p>Reproducibility packages (data and scripts) to generate the figures of the chapter "Aerodynamic effects of the snake lips" (section "Three-dimensional study with OpenFOAM on Azure") in Olivier Mesnard's Ph.D. Thesis.</p> <p>The dataset also includes the Docker image used to run 3D OpenFOAM simulations in a container-based environment on Microsoft Azure Batch.</p> <p>(See README at <a href="https://github.com/barbagroup/snake-lips-3d">github.com/barbagroup/snake-lips-3d</a> for details on how to reproduce the figures.)</p>
Bridging the gap: Optimising connectivity solutions for an arboreal gliding mammal
<p>Connectivity modelling tools are important for developing mitigation strategies to alleviate negative impacts on animal movement caused by road networks. Arboreal gliding mammals are especially vulnerable to road widening as they are unable to cross gaps beyond their gliding capacity. However, there are limitations of conventional raster-based modelling techniques when applied on this group. We developed and applied a new model that quantifies the changes in connectivity for an arboreal gliding species, the Sunda colugo, in Singapore using information on species-specific glide performance through a vector-based GIS approach. We also incorporated a genetic algorithm to determine optimal locations for sets of glide poles that could be installed to improve connectivity. Expectedly, connectivity was heavily impacted by the road widening works, with a 93.3% decrease in the total number of feasible glide paths connecting roadside trees. Nine glide poles installed during the construction phase of the project were initially uninformed by the connectivity model and they provided 26 additional connections only. Comparatively, the top nine pole locations identified through the genetic algorithm provided 247 additional connections, almost 10 times more than the amount supplied by the initial nine glide pole locations determined through qualitative methods. The multi-objective capacity of the genetic algorithm also reduced large connectivity gaps post-development, with simulated glide poles increasing the percentage of pixels covered with connectivity from 16.1% to 27.7%. </p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our model fills a knowledge gap in connectivity modelling for arboreal gliding mammals whose movements are affected by varying habitat alterations. We demonstrated that locations of mitigation structures greatly influence the success of mitigation efforts and the locations can be optimized by incorporating the glide performance of the species into the genetic algorithm. Given limited conservation resources, this approach would benefit managers in formulating cost-effective efforts for arboreal gliding mammals.</p>
Dielectric Barrier and gliding arc discharge plasma
<p>Picture of Dielectric Barrier and gliding arc discharge plasma test rig</p>
Data from: phenology and environmental determinants of explosive breeding in gliding treefrogs: diel timing of rainfall matters
<p>The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the temporal pattern of calling and breeding for many temperate anurans is well understood. However, few studies have documented patterns of reproduction in explosive-breeding tropical frogs or incorporated multiple environmental factors in their analyses, especially across multiple breeding seasons. We combine long-term natural history observations and automated data collection methods with boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis to determine the phenology and determinants of explosive breeding in the gliding treefrog, <em>Agalychnis spurrelli</em>. We monitored breeding for a total of 418 days across three breeding seasons and determined the relative importance of several environmental factors on the probability of calling and breeding activity. Our study population of A. spurrelli on Costa Rica's Osa Peninsula forms breeding aggregations up to 11 times per year during 1–2-day long explosive-breeding events, from late May to mid-September. Calling and breeding activity are strongly and positively related to accumulated rainfall during the previous 24 and 48–24 hours before, particularly rainfall during the afternoon and evening. Day-of-year, days since breeding occurred, and lunar phase also influence reproductive activity. This study provides the first description and analysis of the phenology and factors that predict explosive breeding in <em>A. spurrelli </em>and illustrates the value of using automated data collection paired with BRTs for analysis of complex ecological data.</p>
Data to: Remotely sensed tree height and density explain global gliding vertebrate richness
<p>In vertebrates, gliding evolved as a mode of energy-efficient locomotion to move between trees. Gliding vertebrate richness is hypothesised to increase with tree height and decrease with tree density but empirical evidence for this is scarce, especially at a global scale. Here, we test the ability of tree height and density to explain species richness of gliding vertebrates globally compared to richness of all vertebrates, while controlling for biogeographical and climatic factors. We compiled a global database of 193 gliding amphibians, mammals and reptiles and created maps of species richness from extent-of-occurrence range maps. We paired species richness of gliding vertebrates with spatial estimates of global tree height and density and biogeographical regions as covariates to account for ecological differences among global regions. We used univariate linear and multivariate generalised linear mixed-effect models to evaluate relationships between species richness and tree height and density and the interaction between both. We found that richness of all gliding vertebrate species increased significantly with tree height, while results for richness of amphibians, mammals and reptiles alone indicated mixed responses, especially among different biogeographical regions. Mixed-effect models mirrored these results for richness of all species combined, while also revealing the mixed responses to tree height and density of richness of amphibians, mammals and reptiles. Richness of all vertebrate species – gliding and non-gliding – also increased with tree height and density but at a lesser rate than richness of gliding vertebrates indicating a greater influence of forest structure on richness patterns of gliding vertebrates. Our results support hypotheses stating that gliding in vertebrates globally evolved in tall forests as energy-efficient locomotion between trees and provide further evidence for the importance of forest structure to explain the distribution of gliding vertebrates.</p>
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