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7 results for “Gnatocerus cornutus”
Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in circadian rhythms of an armed beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus (Tenebrionidae)
<p>Circadian rhythms, their free-running periods and strength of the rhythm are often used as indicators of biological clocks, and there is evidence that the free-running periods of circadian rhythm are not affected by environmental factors like temperature. However, there are few studies of environmental effects on the power of rhythms and it is not clear if temperature compensation is universal. Additionally, genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in biological clocks are important for understanding the evolution of biological rhythm, but genetic and plastic effects are rarely investigated. Here, we used 18 isofemale lines (genotypes) of <i>Gnatocerus cornutus</i> to assess rhythms of locomotor activity, while also testing for temperature effects. We found that total activity and power of circadian rhythm were affected by interactions between sex and genotype or sex, genotype and temperature, so that while males tended to be more active and showed greater increases in activity, this effect varied across both genotypes and temperatures. The period of activity only varied by genotype and was thus independent of temperature. The complicated genotype-sex-environment interactions we recorded stress the importance of investigating circadian activity in more integrated ways.</p>
Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in circadian rhythms of an armed beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus (Tenebrionidae)
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Data from: Older males are not only attractive to but also aggressive toward females in Gnatocerus cornutus
<p>In theory, a male should change the allocation of fighting and mating efforts in relation to his age. Thus, the consequences of sexual selection may be complicated by changes in the male resource allocation due to aging. However, previous studies have focused on changes in female mate choice and male-male competition with aging separately, and the impact of aging on the relationship between mate choice and male competition is unknown. Here, we examined how male competitiveness and attractiveness and their relationship changes over male lifespan in <em>Gnatocerus cornutus</em>. In this species, males perform courtship displays and fight rival males for mates. Older males are more competitive in male fighting and aggressive toward females than younger males. The aggression is also directed toward females. Almost all older males who attacked a female failed to copulate, while younger males never attacked the females. As a result, copulation success decreased with age. When an older male did not mistake a female for a male, he exhibited more frequent courtship. However, mating with older males imposed direct costs on females in terms of both fecundity and lifespan, with no offsetting indirect benefits for her offspring. The courtship behavior of older males does not supply females with cues for mate-choice benefits but are used to coerce females into mating. Our results suggest that male–male competition constrains female preference for older males. Thus, female choice and male–male competition may not be reinforcing in older <em>G. cornutus</em> males.</p>
Raw data for sexually selected traits and life history traits of major and minor males in the horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus
<p>1. Expression of weapons and weapon sizes are remarkably affected by environmental factors in armed insects, resulting in remarkable morphological difference in larger and smaller males i.e., male dimorphism</p> <p>2. The phenotypic plasticity is one example of alternative mating phenotypes. Selection on the alternative phenotype generates different suites of multiple traits between larger and smaller males such as morphology, behaviors and life history. The different subsets of traits can contribute to reproductive success of larger and smaller males, respectively.</p> <p>3. In order to understand how alternative phenotypes evolve, studies that couple differences in life history and reproductive traits between larger and smaller males are required. Here we investigated differences in morphology, behaviors, and life history in <i>Gnatocerus cornutus</i>.</p> <p>4. Larger males have relatively larger mandibles and the advantage in male fighting to access females. Also, the developmental period was significantly shorter in the larger males than in the smaller males.</p> <p>5. Smaller males with rudimentary weapons have higher locomotion ability. This suggests higher performance in the dispersal to new territories. Larger and smaller males showed different suites of multiple traits, and the combinations of multiple traits are probably related to expression of weapons.</p>
Data from: Older males are not only attractive to but also aggressive toward females in Gnatocerus cornutus
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Raw data for sexually selected traits and life history traits of major and minor males in the horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus
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Data from: Sexual conflict over mating in Gnatocerus cornutus? Females prefer lovers not fighters
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