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16 results for “Goniopholis”
Combined palaeohistological and isotopic inferences of thermometabolism in extinct Neosuchia, using Goniopholis and Dyrosaurus (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) as case studies
<p>The evolution of thermometabolism in pseudosuchians (Late Triassic to the present) remains a partly unsolved issue: extant taxa (crocodilians) are ectothermic, but the clade was inferred ancestrally endothermic. Here we inferred the thermometabolic regime of two neosuchian groups, Goniopholididae (Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous) and Dyrosauridae (Middle Cretaceous to Late Eocene), close relatives of extant crocodilians, in order to elucidate the evolutionary pattern across Metasuchia (Early Jurassic to the present), a clade comprising Neosuchia (Early Jurassic to the present) and Notosuchia (Middle Jurassic until Late Miocene). We propose a new integrative approach combining geochemical analyses to infer body temperature from the stable oxygen isotope composition of tooth phosphate and palaeohistology and phylogenetic comparative methods to infer resting metabolic rates (RMR) and red blood cells dimensions. †Dyrosaurus and †Goniopholis share with extant crocodilians similar lifestyles, body forms, bone tissue organization, body temperatures (Tb), metabolic rates and red blood cells dimensions. Consistently, we infer ectothermy for †Dyrosaurus and †Goniopholis with the parsimonious implication of neosuchians and metasuchians as being primitively ectothermic.</p>
Combined palaeohistological and isotopic inferences of thermometabolism in extinct Neosuchia, using Goniopholis and Dyrosaurus (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) as case studies
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Figure 12 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 12. Phylogenetic analysis of Mesoeucrocodylia, with emphasis on Goniopholididae. The topology is the strict consensus of two trees, and major clades are summarized by thick lines (proportional to the number of specimens included in the analysis). The family Goniopholididae is indicated by the light grey box, whereas the genus Goniopholis is indicated by a dark grey box. Note that 'pholidosaurids' in their traditional sense are paraphyletic (dotted box), but Sarcosuchus, Elosuchus, and Vectisuchus constitute a monophyletic group (i.e. Elosuchidae). Nodal support is given for each node (Bremer decay/bootstrap/jackknife), but bootstrap and jackknife are only shown for values above 50%.
Figure 8 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 8. Dorsal view of skull at orbits, showing the periorbital structures of Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM 12154. The extreme elongation of the lachrymals (left) is one of the autapomorphic characteristics of this species. On the right, detail of the orbit and surrounding structures (indicated only at the lower image). In the left image, a putative bite mark is indicated at the anterior end of frontal, near the triple contact with nasal and prefrontal. Note the lachrymaljugal suture next to the orbit, and inside the lachrymal indicated by the white pointer. Scale bars = 20 mm. Abbreviations: BPO, postorbital bar; CLPO, lower periorbital crest; CUPO, upper periorbital crest; Fr, frontal; FST, supratemporal fenestra; Ju, jugal; Lac, lachrymal; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; Par, parietal; Po, postorbital; Prf, prefrontal.
Figure 9 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 9. Maxillary depressions of Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM 12154, with detail of the right structure in lateral view, showing its internal structure. Note that the area around the fossa is smooth, unornamented; and the interior is complex (see Andrade, 2009). The dorsal exposure of the right fossa is taphonomic; the structure faces laterally in other goniopholidids, and also on the left side of DORCM 12154. Common neurovascular foramina are indicated by white pointers. Scale bar = 20 mm. Abbreviations: Ju, jugal; Mx, maxilla.
Figure 3 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 3. Sample of European goniopholidids included in this study. A, reconstruction of Goniopholis simus, as interpreted from our examination of specimens. B, Nannosuchus gracilidens BMNH 48217 (type). C, Hooley's specimen BMNH R3876, erroneously referred to Goniopholis crassidens. D, Dollo's specimen IRSNB R47, erroneously referred to G. simus. E, reconstruction of 'Mr Willett's crocodile' based on BMNHB 001876, herein referred to as 'Hulke's specimen', a specimen that was earlier also considered to be a G. simus. F, Vectisuchus leptognathus SMNS 50984 (type), often referred to Goniopholididae, but actually showing closer affinities with Elosuchus (see the phylogenetic analysis herein). Note that maxillary depressions are absent in Nannosuchus and Vectisuchus. Scale bars = 20 mm. Drawings not to scale.
Figure 1 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 1. Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM 12154 in its original slab (A), showing general aspect and material directly associated (indicated by white pointers): B, turtle scute; C, coprolite; D, bivalve. Although DORCM 12154 was extracted from the original matrix, the slab was preserved to show the context of the specimen with the sediment. Scale bars = 20 mm.
Figure 5 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 5. Goniopholis baryglyphaeus MG 'Gui Croc 1' (type). The skull is heavily damaged and composed of fragments, but the bony surface is well preserved. The ornamentation is intense, and almost completely composed of pits. Note that the skull is divided in anterior and posterior sections, and only parts of the premaxillae are preserved. The transfrontal crest is indicated. Scale bar = 20 mm. Abbreviations: FLT, laterotemporal fenestra; FoMX, maxillar fossa; Fr, frontal; Ju, jugal; Mx, maxilla; Par, parietal; Pmx, premaxilla; Po, postorbital; Qj, quadrate-jugal; Sq, squamosal.
Figure 14 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 14. Phylogenetic relationships of Goniopholididae and other main groups of neosuchians, calibrated through time. The goniopholidid fossil record begins in the Early Jurassic, but most members of this group occur from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (pre-Aptian). Calsoyasuchus is the oldest taxon, and appears as the basal-most goniopholidid. Denazinosuchus is the most recent record (Late Cretaceous), but its relationships are poorly understood. Dashed ranges represent variation in the age attributed to the material; grey/red ranges are uncertain records; dotted lines represent taxa of uncertain relationships. Abbreviations: Ng, Neogene; Q, Quaternary.
Figure 13 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 13. Miscellaneous problems in 'goniopholidid' evolution, summarized by strict consensus. In the first additional analysis (A), the exclusion of Nannosuchus (= 'Goniopholis' gracilidens) leads to a less resolved topology, affecting the putative relationships of tethysuchians, but not goniopholidids. In the second additional (exploratory) analysis (B), the relationships of Denazinosuchus (= 'Goniopholis' kirtlandicus) are poorly defined and its presence also induces collapse of the tethysuchian taxa; although Denazinosuchus nests well inside Goniopholididae, it never clusters with Goniopholis. The third additional analysis (C) shows that the relationships of 'Goniopholis' phuwiangensis are also poorly defined, but the taxon nests inside a Sunosuchus-Eutretauranosuchus clade, rather than with any Goniopholis. In the fourth additional analysis (D), the putative assignment of 'G.' phuwiangensis is tested for the genus Siamosuchus (composite terminal with Siamosuchus phuphokensis, both from Phu Phok Formation, Thailand), which results in a poorly resolved topology, showing that there is no support for this combination. Terminals added in each topology are in bold; nodes affected are indicated by a grey arrow. Data on Thalattosuchia include 14 terminals, and are represented by a thick line.
Figure 2 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 2. Provenance and geological settings of Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. The holotype DORCM 12154 was found in a crumbling cliff (right) at the north end of Durlston Bay, near Swanage. The outcrop is part of the Jurassic Coast of England, and is considered a Natural Heritage Site. This is the first British specimen of Goniopholis to have its precise stratigraphical provenance identified to the exact bed (129b, Intermarine Beds), which is indicated by an arrow, on the right.
Figure 7 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 7. Premaxillae and perinarial structures of Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM 12154. A, oblique view of the specimen, making evident the deep anteronarial notch, perinarial crests and postnarial fossa. B, dorsal and C, ventral view, showing the naso-oral fossa/incisive foramen and alveoli. Narial notch and postnarial fossa indicated in A, and incisive foramen indicated in C. Scale bars = 20 mm.
Figure 11 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 11. Dentition of Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM-12154. A, ventral view of the right alveolar margin at the premaxilla-maxilla notch, showing the position of the fifth premaxillary alveolus (as indicated), which is lateral relative to the first maxillary tooth. B, detail of the fourth maxillary crown (right side). C, detail of third premaxillary crown (left side). Both teeth are not completely erupted, and have a mesial-distal keel. The intense ornamentation creates a crenulated edge, as it covers the keel, producing a false-ziphodont serration, in this case visible even without the aid of optical resources. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Figure 10 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 10. Distal end of skull of Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM-12154. The quadrate (left) is robust, but its dorsal surface smoothly progresses towards the posteromedial surface, where a foramen aerum can be seen, as indicated by the white pointers. A secondary opening to the foramen, at the dorsal surface of quadrate, is also indicated. In occipital view (right), the specimen is very similar to Goniopholis simus, with the cranioquadrate passage mostly covered by the paraoccipital process, as indicated by the arrow. Scale bars = 20 mm. Abbreviations: Ex, exoccipital; PaCQ, cranioquadrate passage; Par, parietal; PPoc, paraoccipital process; Qj, quadrate-jugal; Sq, squamosal.
Figure 6 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 6. Goniopholis kiplingi sp. nov. DORCM 12154 after extraction from its original slab (left), and reconstruction of the specimen (right), with interpretation of sutures and main structures of the skull. Note the evident ornamentation, almost completely composed of pits, and the elongated lachrymals. Scale bar = 20 mm. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; CPN, perinarial crest; CLPO, lower periorbital crest; CUPO, upper periorbital crest; Eoc, exoccipital; FLT, laterotemporal fenestra; FoLac, lachrymal fossa; FoMX, maxillar fossa; FoPN, postnasal fossa; Fr, frontal; FST, supratemporal fenestra; Ju, jugal; Lac, lachrymal; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; Par, parietal; Prf, prefrontal; Pmx, premaxilla; Po, postorbital; Qj, quadrate-jugal; Qu, quadrate; Sq, squamosal.
Figure 4. Goniopholis simus, type specimen BMNH 41098 in A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus
Figure 4. Goniopholis simus, type specimen BMNH 41098 (A) and complementary slab BMNH 41098a (B), showing general features of the skull, including the palatines and perichoanal structures (C), and the frontal morphology at the transfrontal crest (D). Note the dorsal projection of the frontal at the medial line of the skull, indicated in D; and also the large amount of bony material in the complementary slab BMNH 41098a, holding part of the perinarial and periorbital crests, as well as a substantial part of the ornamentation. Abbreviations: FoST, supratemporal fossa; Fr, frontal; Mx, maxilla; Orb, orbit; Pal, palatine; Pt, pterygoid.
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