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11 results for “Gonorynchiformes”
Fig. 6. a in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 6. a. Maxilla of Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 734), lateral view, anterior to left; b. Maxilla and premaxilla of Dastilbe crandalli, uncatalogued specimen, lateral view, anterior to left; c. Maxilla and premaxilla of Chanos chanos, ANSP 63199, lateral view, anterior to left. d. Jaws and suspensorium of Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 730, 30.0 mm TFL), lateral view, anterior to left. Synapomorphies of Chanoidei observed are: 1-Large, very broad, concave-convex premaxilla, with long oral process; 2- posterior region of the maxilla expanded in a bulbous outline; 3- quadrate-mandibular articulation anteriorly displaced, anterior to orbit; 4- symplectic elongated; 5- metapterygoid process of hyomandibula present on its anterior border.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
The Gonorynchiformes are the sister lineage of the species-rich Otophysi and provide important insights into the diversification of ostariophysan fishes. Phylogenies of gonorynchiforms inferred using morphological characters and mtDNA gene sequences provide differing resolutions with regard to the sister lineage of all other gonorynchiforms (Chanos vs. Gonorynchus) and support for monophyly of the two miniaturized lineages Cromeria and Grasseichthys. In this study the phylogeny and divergence times of gonorynchiforms are investigated with DNA sequences sampled from nine nuclear genes and a published morphological character matrix. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses reveal substantial congruence among individual gene trees with inferences from eight genes placing Gonorynchus as the sister lineage to all other gonorynchiforms. Seven gene trees resolve Cromeria and Grasseichthys as a clade, supporting previous inferences using morphological characters. Phylogenies resulting from either concatenating the nuclear genes, performing a multispecies coalescent species tree analysis, or combining the morphological and nuclear gene DNA sequences resolve Gonorynchus as the living sister lineage of all other gonorynchiforms, strongly support the monophyly of Cromeria and Grasseichthys, and resolve a clade containing Parakneria, Cromeria, and Grasseichthys. The morphological dataset, which includes 13 gonorynchiform fossil taxa that range in age from Early Cretaceous to Eocene, was analyzed in combination with DNA sequences from the nine nuclear genes and a relaxed molecular clock to estimate times of evolutionary divergence. This "tip dating" strategy accommodates uncertainty in the phylogenetic resolution of fossil taxa that provide calibration information in the relaxed molecular clock analysis. The estimated age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of living gonorynchiforms is slightly older than estimates from previous node dating efforts, but the molecular tip dating estimated ages of Kneriinae (Kneria, Parakneria, Cromeria, and Grasseichthys) and the two paedomorphic lineages, Cromeria and Grasseichthys, are considerably younger.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
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Fig. 9 in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 9. Caudal-fin skeleton in Dastilbe moraesi as observed in: a. specimen CPUFMT 746, 28.0 mm TFL, anterior to right; b. specimen CPUFMT 736, 37.0 mm TFL, anterior to right and c. specimen CPUFMT 748, 21.0 mm TFL, anterior to left.
Fig. 8. a in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 8. a. Dorsal view of the posterior portion of skull in Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 732.7 mm TFL) and b. Chanos chanos (modified from Poyato-Ariza et al., 2010). c. Dorsal view of the anterior portion of skull in Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 735, 26.4 mm SL). Synapomorphies of Chanini observed are: 1- exoccipitals with a posterior concave-convex border, with a projection above basioccipital. 2- large mesethmoid, with broad posterolateral wing-like expansions.
Fig. 7 in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 7. Opercular region of Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 745, 16.3 mm TFL) in lateral view, anterior to left: Synapomorphies of Chanidae observed are: opercular bone is expanded, at least one-third of the head length; and suprapreopercular bone is present as a relatively large, flat bone.
Fig. 5. a in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 5. a. Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 5150, 16.0 mm TFL), anterior to left. b. Dastilbe moraesi (CPUFMT 730, 30.0 mm TFL), anterior to left. Synapomorphies of Gonorynchiformes observed are: 1-cephalic ribs; 2- parietals reduced and separated by supraoccipital, 3- absence of premaxillary ascending process.
Fig. 1 in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 1. Paratypes of Dastilbe moraesi: a. DGM 594P, 33.7 mm SL, anterior to left; b. DGM 595P, 39.2 mm TFL, anterior to right; c. DGM 596P (larger specimen), 58.0 mm SL, anterior to rigth; and d. DGM 600P (larger specimen), 58 mm SL, anterior to left.
Fig. 2. a. Dastilbe moraesi, DGM 593-P, 47.0 in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 2. a. Dastilbe moraesi, DGM 593-P, 47.0 mm SL, holotype, Fazenda São José do Geribá, Presidente Olegário, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil; b. Dastilbe crandalli, DGM 176-P, 153.6 mm SL, holotype of Dastilbe elongatus, Brazil, State of Ceará, Sítio Romualdo, 15 km from Crato, coll. C. G. Gomes, August 1934.
Fig. 4. a in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 4. a. Single most parsimonious tree (CI= 0.743; RI= 0.733; 166 steps long) depicting phylogenetic relationships of Dastilbe moraesi and other chanids. Clades 1 to 11 are supported by synapomorphies described in S2; b. highlighted vertical branch length expresses the occurrence of taxa in the fossil record.
Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi, from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Fig. 3. Outlines of the premaxilla and the maxilla in three chanid genera in order to compare the relative length and curvature of the premaxillary process of the maxilla in: a. Dastilbe elongatus, based mostly on specimens AMNH 31 and AMNH 12721 (redrawn from Poyato-Ariza, 1996a, figs. 2A and 7); b. Nanaichthys longipinnus, based on the holotype, DGM.1016-P (redrawn from Amaral, Brito, 2012, fig. 4C); and c. Rubiesichthys gregalis, based on the restoration of the skull from numerous specimens (redrawn from Poyato-Ariza, 1996b, fig. 2). All left side, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
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