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16 results for “Gopherus morafkai”
Data from: Shaping species with ephemeral boundaries: the distribution and genetic structure of the desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) in the Sonoran Desert region
Aim: We examine the role biogeographical features played in the evolution of Morafka's desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) and test the hypothesis that G. morafkai maintains genetically distinct lineages associated with different Sonoran Desert biomes. Increased knowledge of the past and present distribution of the Sonoran Desert region's biota provides insight into the forces that drive and maintain its biodiversity. Location: Sonoran Desert biogeographical region; Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico and Arizona, USA. Methods: We examined wild tortoises from Mexico (n = 155) and Arizona (n = 78), spanning their known distribution. We used mtDNA sequences to reconstruct matrilineal relationships and 25 microsatellite (STR) loci for Bayesian analyses of gene flow. We performed clinal analyses on both mtDNA and STR loci to determine the position and amount of introgression where lineages co-occur. We used GIS to assess the association of genetic structuring with ecological features. We used these data in a hypothesis-driven approach to assess different models of how genetic diversity is maintained and distributed in G. morafkai. Results: Gopherus morafkai was found to comprise genetically and geographically distinct 'Sonoran' and 'Sinaloan' lineages. Both lineages occurred in a relatively narrow zone of overlap in Sinaloan thornscrub, where it transitions into Sonoran desertscrub. Limited introgression occurred at the contact zone. The best-fit model suggests that these lineages diverged in parapatry where the distribution of genotypes is environment-dependent and introgression is inhibited by exogenous selection. Main conclusions: The historically shifting ecotone between tropical deciduous forest and Sonoran desertscrub appears to be a boundary that fostered divergence between parapatric lineages of tortoises. The sharp genetic cline between the two lineages suggests that periods of isolation in temporary refugia due to Pleistocene climatic cycling influenced divergence. Despite incomplete reproductive isolation, the Sonoran and Sinaloan lineages of G. morafkai are on separate evolutionary trajectories.
Data from: Shaping species with ephemeral boundaries: the distribution and genetic structure of the desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) in the Sonoran Desert region
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Figure 7 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 7 - Ventral view of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160. Scale bar 50 mm in 10 mm increments.
Figure 2 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 2 - The flat shell profile/shape of carapace generally distinguishes Gopherus evgoodei from other species of desert tortoises. Live, wild-caught individuals from (i–iv) Rancho Las Cabras and (v–vi) Rancho La Sierrita near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico (in Tropical Deciduous Forest).
Figure 3 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 3 - The rounded ventral surface of the rear feet (i–ii) and multiple enlarged, raised scales present on surface of forelegs generally (iii–iv) diagnose Gopherus evgoodei in relation to other species of desert tortoises. i–ii same individual in Figure 2 from Rancho Las Cabras near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico (in Tropical Deciduous Forest) iii–iv two individuals from Rancho Las Cabras.
Figure 5 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 5 - Gopherus evgoodei differs from other species of desert tortoises in often having yellow/orange integument (skin) and shell. i Rancho El Divisadero ii–iii Rancho Las Cabras; and iv–v Rancho La Sierrita near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico (in Tropical Deciduous Forest).
Figure 4 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 4 - Gopherus evgoodei differs from other species of desert tortoises in having a very short tail. i Rancho El Chupadero east of Guaymas (in thornscrub habitat); ii Rancho Las Cabras; and iii–i Rancho La Sierrita near Alamos, Sonora, Mexico (in Tropical Deciduous Forest).
Figure 14 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 14 - Ventral surface of the right rear foot of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
Figure 6 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 6 - Dorsal view of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160. Scale bar 50 mm in 10 mm increments.
Figure 1 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 1 - Conservative estimate of the distribution of Gopherus evgoodei in Mexico indicated by diagonal lines. Desert tortoise range limit, modified based on our field sampling, from Germano et al. (1994). Squares indicate museum and literature records of occurrence of Gopherus spp. Circles are sample locations from Edwards et al. (2015) for both Gopherus morafkai (black) and Gopherus evgoodei (white). Localities in the Sinaloan thornscrub-Sonoran desertscrub ecotone indicated by split circles, which indicate the occurrence of both Gopherus evgoodei and Gopherus morafkai genotypes and/or hybrids.
Figure 9 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 9 - Posterior view of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
Figure 8 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 8 - Anterior view of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
Figure 13 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 13 - Detail of the tail of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
Figure 12 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 12 - Detail of head scales of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
Figure 10 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 10 - Left lateral view of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
Figure 11 from: Edwards T, Karl AE, Vaughn M, Rosen PC, Torres CM, Murphy RW (2016) The desert tortoise trichotomy: Mexico hosts a third, new sister-species of tortoise in the Gopherus morafkai–G. agassizii group. ZooKeys 562: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.6124
Figure 11 - Right lateral view of the holotype of Gopherus evgoodei, AMNH R64160.
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