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Fig. 10 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 10. Inhibitory activity tests of gravitropic bending and elongation for benzocarbocyclic analogues 2 (50 μM, unless otherwise noted). Data for gravitropic bending (left) and elongation (right) represent mean ± SD. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences between treatments and controls at p <0.05 (Dunnett's test, n = 7).

Fig. 11 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 11. Inhibitory activity tests of gravitropic bending and elongation for benzoheterocyclic analogues. Dose–response relationship study for (a) 3a, (b) 3b, (c) 3c, and (d) 3d are shown. Data for gravitropic bending and elongation represent the mean ±SD. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences between treatments and controls at p <0.05 (Dunnett's test, n = 7).

Fig. 12 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 12. Inhibitory activity tests of gravitropic bending and elongation for quinoline and quinoxaline analogues 4: (a) 50 μM for 4a-4d, (b) 0.05–50 μM for 4a, (c) 0.05–50 μM for 4b. Data for gravitropic bending (left) and elongation (right) represent the mean ± SD. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences between treatments and controls at p <0.05 (Dunnett's test, n = 7).

Fig. 8 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 8. Inhibitory activity test for gravitropic bending. Gravitropic vectors before (g1) and after (g2) reorientation are indicated. Length (L, cm) of the root and the angle (θ, degree) of the curvature after reorientation were measured. This figure is representative of a control experiment where no treatment with chemicals was performed.

Fig. 4 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 4. Inhibition tests of gravitropic bending at various concentrations of ku- 76 ((a) control, (b) [ku-76]; A: 10 μM, B: 5 μM, C: 1 μM), (c) Effect of ku-76 on gravitropism, (d) elongation. Data represent mean ± SD. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences between treatments and control at p <0.05 (Welch t-test, n = 7).

Fig. 7 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 7. Inhibitory activity tests of gravitropic bending and elongation for skeletal analogues (50 μM except for ku-76 (10 μM). Data for (A) gravitropic bending and (B) elongation represent mean ± SD. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences between treatments and control at p <0.05 (Welch t-test, n = 7).

Fig. 3 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 3. Evaluation method for inhibitory activity against root gravitropic bending. Gravity vectors before (g1) and after (g2) reorientation are indicated. The length (l, cm) of the root length and the angle (θ, degree) of the curvature after reorientation were measured. The figure represents the lettuce seeding (mock treated).

Fig. 8 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 8. Inhibitory activity tests for amide, alcohol, ester analogues (50 μM). Data of (A) gravitropic bending and (B) elongation represent mean ± SD. Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences between treatments and control at p <0.05 (Welch t-test, n = 7).

Fig. 13 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 13. (continued).

Fig. 3 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 3. Design of stereochemically fixed analogues of ku-76.

Fig. 4 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 4. Conformationally fixed analogues.

Fig. 2 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 2. Lead compound, ku-76 and its SAR.

Fig. 1 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 1. Examples of non-selective gravitropism inhibitors.

Fig. 7 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 7. Synthesis of configurationally fixed analogues 5.

Fig. 11 in Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity

Fig. 11. (continued).

Fig. 9 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 9. Essential structural features of ku-76 in root gravitropic bending tests.

Fig. 5 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 5. Three functional units for SAR study of ku-76.

Fig. 1 in Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism

Fig. 1. Examples of compounds having gravitropic inhibitory activity.