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35 results for “Great Escarpment”
FIGURE 2 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 2 Distributions (left), maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees (middle), principal component analysis (PCA) ordination plots from cranial measurements, photographs or drawings of the baculum and sonograms of echolocation calls (right) of selected groups of paramontane southern African bats having ranges categorized as arid (red symbols), Mediterranean (turquoise symbols), temperate-montane (blue), savanna-montane (orange), and tropical rain forest (green; see Table S1 for classification): horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) of the R. capensis (a), R. darlingi (b), R. ferrumequinum (c), R. fumigatus (d) groups, wing-gland bats (Family Cistugidae, genus Cistugo (e), and long-eared serotine bats of the genus Laephotis (f)). Distribution maps were based on IUCN Redlist maps (open polygons), correctly identified vouchers from molecular studies (colored symbols; this study; GenBank; Curran et al., 2022; Demos et al., 2019; Dool et al., 2016; Taylor et al., 2018) and skulls measured in this study (crosses). In a few cases (see legends), GBIF records were indicated for the Angolan range of species. Gray shading indicates elevations over 1200 m a.s.l. Phylogenetic trees are shown for sub-clades (i.e., excluding outgroups) of three separate ML analyses undertaken with IQTREE of Rhinolophus, Cistugo, and Laephotis (Figures S2–S4). Values above nodes (in bold) represent median dates obtained for corresponding nodes from separate BEAST analyses in Figures S5–S7 (see text for details). Node support values for ML trees, obtained by the IQTREE program, are given below the nodes for SH-like approximate likelihood ratio tests (SH-aLRT), aBayes posterior probabilities, and ultra-fast bootstrap values (UFBS) respectively (see text for details). Tip labels marked in bold represent new sequences from this study. Underlined tip labels represent two instances of mtDNA introgression where morphologically distinct taxa from different biomes have near-identical cyt-b sequences. Species ranges of echolocation call peak frequencies were obtained from the literature for Rhinolophidae (Adams & Kwiecinski, 2018; Curran et al., 2022; Jacobs et al., 2013; Jacobs et al., 2017; Laverty & Berger, 2020; Monadjem et al., 2020; Mutumi et al., 2016; Odendaal & Jacobs, 2011; Odendaal et al., 2014; Schoeman & Jacobs, 2008), Cistugo (Monadjem et al., 2020; Schoeman & Jacobs, 2003, 2008), and long-eared Laephotis (Adams & Kwiecinski, 2018; Jacobs et al., 2005; Monadjem et al., 2020; Pierce et al., 2011). Bacula photographs and drawings were obtained from this study as well as Benda and Vallo (2012), Taylor et al. (2018), Curran et al. (2022). Abbreviation of South African province names: EC, Eastern Cape; FS, Free State; GP, Gauteng; KZN, KwaZulu-Natal; LP, Limpopo; MP, Mpumalanga; NC, Northern Cape; WC, Western Cape. Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
FIGURE 1 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 1 Maps of southern, central, and eastern Africa showing (a) topographical features referred to in this study (see text for details), and (b) the extent of minimum monthly temperatures (bioclim6) <0°C from present and past (last glacial maximum [LGM]) models (from Worldclim; https://www.worldclim.com/; see Methods for more details). Gray or darker shading in both maps indicates mountains>1200 m in elevation. In (a), the acronym HEAN stands for the Highlands and Escarpments of Angola and Namibia (Mendelsohn et al., 2023); SEAMA stands for the South-East African Montane Archipelago (Bayliss et al., 2024); LMEE stands for the Limpopo–Mpumalanga– Eswatini Escarpment (Clark et al., 2022). The map in (b) shows distribution points of horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus (crosses), wing-gland bats, Cistugo (open triangles) and long-eared bats, Laephotis (open squares) based on morphological and molecular results from this study and from published a GenBank cyt-b sequences. In (b), minimum monthly temperatures <0°C indicated for the present (blue) and LGM (red), approximating the extent of frost (and hence temperate grasslands) currently and during the LGM (idea from Brain, 1985). Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
FIGURE 3 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 3 Map of southern, central, and eastern Africa showing major geographic features (as in Figure 1a) but with biogeographical barriers elucidated by this study indicated as red dashed lines, labelled as (i) to (vii) (see Discussion), and taxa specific to different ranges indicated according to the predominant biomes (green = tropical; red = arid, turquoise = Mediterranean, blue = temperate, orange = savanna). Note that only one savanna lineage is here indicated for ease of visualization. Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
TA B L E 1 Summary of model fit, based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for training data, and the most important bioclimatic variables in past, present, and future (2070) Maxent models of 13 bat species included in this study. in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
TA B L E 1 Summary of model fit, based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for training data, and the most important bioclimatic variables in past, present, and future (2070) Maxent models of 13 bat species included in this study.
FIGURE 4 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 4 Maps of south-central Africa showing the distribution of Köppen–Geiger climate zones for the present (a) and projected future (2070) (b), as well as past (last glacial maximum: left panel), present (right panel), and projected future (2070; right panel) Maxent distribution models for five species groups of bats; Rhinolophus capensis group (c–e: green = R. swinnyi; blue = R. rhodesiae; orange = R. simulator; turquoise = R. capensis; red = R. denti); R. darlingi group (f–h: blue = R. cervenyi; orange = R. darlingi; red = R. damarensis), R. ferruquinum group, in part (i–k: blue = R. acrotis), Laephotis spp (l–n: blue = L. cf. botswanae; orange = L. angolensis), Cistugo spp (o–q: blue = C. lesueuri; red = C. seabrae). Details of Maxent models given in text. Ranges of species above indicated by colors corresponding to biomes recognized in this study (Tables S1 and S2) as follows: blue or green = temperate; orange = savanna; turquoise = Mediterranean; red = arid. Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
Linked collectors and determiners for: FBIP: Great Escarpment Biodiversity Research Programme data mobilisation.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "FBIP: Great Escarpment Biodiversity Research Programme data mobilisation". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/f8cd9c4d-4693-40d7-9c0c-a3ce2ea2a1c3">https://bionomia.net/dataset/f8cd9c4d-4693-40d7-9c0c-a3ce2ea2a1c3</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/f8cd9c4d-4693-40d7-9c0c-a3ce2ea2a1c3">https://gbif.org/dataset/f8cd9c4d-4693-40d7-9c0c-a3ce2ea2a1c3</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIGURE 4 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 4 (Continued)
FIGURE 2 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 2 (Continued)
Dataset supplements to Wang et al Retreat of the Great Escarpment of Madagascar from Geomorphic Analysis and Cosmogenic 10Be Concentrations
<p>This dataset is supplemented to Wang, Y., Willett, S., Wu, D., Haghipour, N., & Christl, M. (2021). Retreat of the Great Escarpment of Madagascar from Geomorphic Analysis and Cosmogenic 10Be Concentrations. https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507366.1. (in revision and under consideration at G-Cubed).</p>
FIGURE 5 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa
FIGURE 5. The advertisement call of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—initial single or double 'chirp' and B—longer 'creak').
FIGURE 2 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa
FIGURE 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for populations of Cacosternum examined in this study. Node support with posterior probabilities> 0.95 and maximum likelihood bootstrap> 70% are indicated with a black circle. Nodes supported only by posterior probabilities are indicated with a white circle.
FIGURE 6 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa
FIGURE 6. The tadpole of Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. (PEM T517) from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view, Bdorsal view, C—ventral view and D—line drawing of LTRF).
FIGURE 1 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa
FIGURE 1. Map showing the type locality of C. thorini sp. nov. (red circle), dotted line represents the Great Winterberg– Amatola Mountain range (and potential distribution of the new species), blue lines represent major rivers, colour represents altitudinal gradient. Insert: photo of type locality.
FIGURE 3 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa
FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Protozantaena Perkins, 1997 from the Great Escarpment of South Africa (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
FIGURE 2. Protozantaena species, distribution and habitat. A) Distribution of Protozantaena in Southern Africa, red symbol = P. labrata Perkins, 1997, blue symbols = P. birdi sp. nov.; B) Type locality of P. birdi sp. nov. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Compassberg, permanent stream on south-east side of main peak—yellow arrow indicates where stream was sampled (photo R. Perissinotto).
FIGURE 1. Protozantaena species. A in A new species of Protozantaena Perkins, 1997 from the Great Escarpment of South Africa (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
FIGURE 1. Protozantaena species. A) P. labrata Perkins, 1997, paratype, Namibia, Naukluft, habitus and labels; B) P. birdi sp. nov., holotype habitus; C) P. labrata, paratype, Namibia, Naukluft, aedeagus; D) P. birdi sp. nov., holotype aedeagus. Scale bars A & B) = 0.5 mm; C & D) = 100 μm.
FIGURE 8 in Massonia dentata (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Nuweveldberge, and typification of the Sneeuberg endemic M. calvata (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa)
FIGURE 8. SEM image of leaf surface in Massonia dentata Mart.-Azorín, V.R.Clark, M.Pinter, M.B.Crespo & Wetschnig. A. Section of a leaf showing leaf emergences with trichomes and leaf margin on the lower edge; B. Detail of several emergences with trichomes; C. Detail of two emergences with trichomes; D. Detail of a leaf margin with minute papillae and hairs of different length.
FIGURE 1 in Massonia dentata (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Nuweveldberge, and typification of the Sneeuberg endemic M. calvata (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa)
FIGURE 1. Massonia calvata Baker from near the type locality showing immature plants on the left side bearing numerous pustules and hairs and a flowering plant with leaves bearing scarce pustules and almost absent hairs (Eastern Cape, Graaff Reinet, Camdeboo National Park, Valley of Desolation, corresponding to A.P.Dold 14008 (GRA); Photographed 10 June 2014).
FIGURE 5 in Massonia dentata (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Nuweveldberge, and typification of the Sneeuberg endemic M. calvata (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa)
FIGURE 5. Massonia dentata Mart.-Azorín. V.R.Clark, M.Pinter, M.B.Crespo & Wetschnig. A. Inflorescence, lateral view; B. Bracts. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 7 in Massonia dentata (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Nuweveldberge, and typification of the Sneeuberg endemic M. calvata (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa)
FIGURE 7. Dissected flowers of Massonia dentata Mart.-Azorín, V.R.Clark, M.Pinter, M.B.Crespo & Wetschnig. A. Dissected flower after opening, lateral view; B. Dissected mature flower, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
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