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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

Fig. 2 in Allozyme-Based Genetic Variability Of The Daphnia Atkinsoni-Bolivari Species Complex (Cladocera: Daphniidae) In The Hungarian Great Plain

Fig. 2. UPGMAclusteringofNei'soriginalgeneticdistancesbetweenpopulationsof Daphniaatkinsoni and D. bolivari. Themorphological D. bolivari populationsaremarkedwith

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Precipitation, low-level jet, and geopotential height data for analyzing sources of predictability in the US northern Great Plains

Dec 15, 2021   Precipitation, low-level jet, and geopotential height data for analyzing sources of predictability in the US northern Great Plains   Carlos M. Carrillo and Francisco Muñoz-Arriola   Motivation The data presented here was used to investigate the uskills of precipitation in the US northern Great Plains, and it can be cited as described below. The original data for producing this data is from the Climate Forecast System (CFS) retrospective reanalysis and reforecast as well as precipitation data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Also, gridded data is from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).   License Creative Commons CC-BY Disclaimer The data provided in the files is provided as is. Despite our best efforts at filtering out potential issues, some information could be erroneous. Description of the dataset Files are provided with the following features: List of cases:              files.0.00.dy.txt Low-level jet (or the GP-LLJ index) Originally located at /home/cmc542/2019/sum-pred/eof/cfs/0.35.cases/ Master file: LLJ_pc_corr_1D_pdf_full.m With input data             from CFS models,                    eof1.v850.cfs.1982-2009.dy.tar         pc1.v850.cfs.1982-2009.dy.tar        from NARR model,         pc1.vwnd.narr.1982-2009.tar The geopotential height (or CGT index): Originally located at /home/cmc542/2019/sum-pred/eof/cfs/0.35.cases/ Master file: Z200_mode_corr_1D_pdf_full.m With input data             xt-reco-z200.Full.123.z200.cfs.1982-2009.12-60.tar      xt-reco-z200.Full.z200.narr.1982-2009.bin.tar Precipitation at the US Great Plains: Originally located at /home/cmc542/2019/sum-pred/clim/yrcases Master file: prec_corr_cfs_1D_pdf_full.m With input data:             prec.cfs.MW.1982-2009.tar      prec.cpc.MW.1982-2009.tar Correlation patterns:      Precipitation: PREC.NGP.corr.txt      LLJ: LLJ.pcs.corr.narr.pdf.txt      Z200: Z200.pcs.corr.narr.pdf.txt   Disclaimer The data provided in the files is provided as is. Despite our best efforts at filtering out potential issues, some information could be erroneous. Description of the dataset Files are provided with the following features: List of cases:              files.0.00.dy.txt Low-level jet (or the GP-LLJ index) Originally located at /home/cmc542/2019/sum-pred/eof/cfs/0.35.cases/ Master file: LLJ_pc_corr_1D_pdf_full.m With input data             from CFS models,                   eof1.v850.cfs.1982-2009.dy.tar         pc1.v850.cfs.1982-2009.dy.tar        from NARR model,         pc1.vwnd.narr.1982-2009.tar The geopotential height (or CGT index): Originally located at /home/cmc542/2019/sum-pred/eof/cfs/0.35.cases/ Master file: Z200_mode_corr_1D_pdf_full.m With input data             xt-reco-z200.Full.123.z200.cfs.1982-2009.12-60.tar      xt-reco-z200.Full.z200.narr.1982-2009.bin.tar Precipitation at the US Great Plains: Originally located at /home/cmc542/2019/sum-pred/clim/yrcases Master file: prec_corr_cfs_1D_pdf_full.m With input data:             prec.cfs.MW.1982-2009.tar      prec.cpc.MW.1982-2009.tar Correlation patterns:      Precipitation: PREC.NGP.corr.txt      LLJ: LLJ.pcs.corr.narr.pdf.txt      Z200: Z200.pcs.corr.narr.pdf.txt Credit Carlos M. Carrillo and Francisco Muñoz-Arriola, 2021: “Sources of Subseasonal Predictability of Rainfall in the Northern Great Plains”, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. In review. Grant funding This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute (DWFI) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), and the UNL’s Layman Award.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Large contribution of woody plant expansion to recent vegetative greening of the Northern Great Plains

Aim: Extensive portions of high-latitude grasslands worldwide have recently experienced increased vegetative productivity (i.e., greening) and have undergone a rapid transition towards woody plant dominance via the process of woody plant expansion (WPE). This raises the underlying question: To what degree are WPE and greening spatiotemporally linked? Given that these vegetative changes are predicted to continue, we seek to understand how recent changes in vegetation extent and productivity have interacted under recent climate change and anthropogenic disturbance to provide insights surrounding the future trajectory of temperate grasslands broadly. Location: Northern Great Plains (NGP), North America Taxon: Woody plants Methods: Greening was measured as the significant increase in three metrics between 2000 and 2019: leaf area index (LAI), annual maximum normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), and annual mean NDVI. WPE was measured as the significant proportional increase in percent tree cover change between 2000 and 2019 in grasslands. We then examine these variables across a host of 26 potential driving variables. Results: We show that average proportional greening increased by 0.2-1.3% yr -1 (depending on metric), and proportional WPE increased by 6.9% yr -1 since 2000 across the NGP. Both changes are largely driven by the absence of wildfire and changing climate. Furthermore, WPE was spatially coherent and positively associated with a large component of recent greening, as revealed by their coupling across 34.1-40.6% of grassland area and as evidenced by the 9.7-19.7% of the variability in greening explained by WPE. Main conclusions: WPE and greening are spatiotemporally coupled across large portions of the NGP. Under continued climate change and wildfire suppression, WPE and greening are likely to continue across large swathes of grasslands globally. Furthermore, our results show that using a single greening metric may be insufficient to capture the large-scale vegetative changes such as the expansion of woody vegetation.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Community level phylogenetic diversity does not differ between rare and common lineages across tallgrass prairies in northern Great Plains

In some cases, rare lineages provide resistance to invasions, serve as keystone species, and contribute unique functional or phylogenetic diversity to their communities. In other cases, rare species may be functionally redundant with common species and do not significantly contribute to phylogenetic diversity. How rare and common species coexist and contribute to local species pools may depend upon attributes of their communities and remains an open question in ecology. Niche differentiation has served as an explanation for species coexistence, and phylogenetic relatedness provides a means to approximate how ecologically similar species are to each other. To explore the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity, we sampled twenty-one plant communities across the Prairie Coteau ecoregion, home of the largest tracts of untilled northern tallgrass prairie and of high conservation concern. We used breakpoint analysis through iterative addition of less abundant species to the phylogenetic tree for each community. We also assessed the phylogenetic signal of abundance classes using Blomberg's K statistic and calculated the phylogenetic similarity between rare and common species using a phylogenetic beta diversity metric (Dnn). To estimate the phylogenetic structuring of these prairie communities, we calculated two common metrics that capture evolutionary relatedness between species (MPD, and MNTD) and examine the correlation between these metrics and species richness. Overall, we found rare species do not contribute higher levels of phylogenetic diversity than more common species in the Prairie Coteau ecoregion. Eight of 21 communities had significant breakpoints, where the addition of a less common species resulted in a shift in phylogenetic diversity, with only four communities having an increasing trend for the rarest species. Phylogenetic signal for abundance was low and unsignificant across 18 communities, while four sites did show significant low phylogenetic signal. We additionally found our communities had lower phylogenetic diversity than expected from the regional species pool. Finally, we found weak to no correlation when using MPD and MNTD. Our results indicate niche differentiation does not explain rare species persistence in tallgrass prairies. We found species were more closely related than expected from random community assembly, suggesting high functional redundancy within this system. This is promising for the long term viability of this ecosystem, but only insofar as enough species remain in the system to create redundancy. With ongoing biodiversity loss, it is essential we understand the role rare species play in their communities. Phylogenetic diversity could be an important tool for researchers and managers to utilize for conservation of critically threatened systems such as tallgrass prairies.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Integrating cover crops for weed management in the semiarid U.S. Great Plains: opportunities and challenges

Figure 1. Map of the Great Plains showing three main regions: (1) Northern Great Plains (marked by purple line), (2) Central Great Plains (marked by red line), and (3) Southern Great Plains (marked by light blue line). Adapted from Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Planetary Boundary Layer Height Retrievals from the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) around the US Southern Great Plains and the Eastern North Atlantic

Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) retrievals in kilometers from the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) around the DOE ARM US Southern Great Plains (SGP) and the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA), using a modified version of the Different Thermo-Dynamics Stability (DTDS)  algorithm. Quality control Flags are included as follows: <ul> <li>0 = 'Good Quality'</li> <li>1 = 'Mediate Quality'</li> <li>2 = 'Bad Quality'</li> </ul> In addition, -999 values in the dataset represent no data.  The PBLH for daytime denoised CATS photon counts at SGP is named: "daytime-denoised-dtds-pblh-sgp.csv" The PBLH for the original daytime and nighttime data at SGP and ENA, without denoising the data, are named: "original-cats-dtds-pblh-daytime-nighttime-sgp.csv" and "original-cats-dtds-pblh-daytime-nighttime-ena.csv" References:  Roldán-Henao, N., Yorks, J., Su, T., Selmer, P., & Li, Z. (2024). Statistically Resolved Planetary Boundary Layer Height Diurnal Variability Using Spaceborne Lidar Data. Remote Sensing.  Su, T., Li, Z., & Kahn, R. (2020). A new method to retrieve the diurnal variability of planetary boundary layer height from lidar under different thermodynamic stability conditions. Remote Sensing of Environment, 237, 111519.

publicMay 2025View details →

Trait records of marked Salvia nemorosa L. individuals censused annually between 2021-2023 in 13 localities of the Great Hungarian Plain

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publicOct 2022View details →

Community level phylogenetic diversity does not differ between rare and common lineages across tallgrass prairies in northern Great Plains

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publicApr 2022View details →

Large contribution of woody plant expansion to recent vegetative greening of the Northern Great Plains

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opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data from: Stable isotope evidence for long-term stability of large-scale hydroclimate in the Neogene North American Great Plains

The Great Plains of North America host a stark climatic gradient, separating the humid and well-watered eastern US from the semi-arid and arid western US, and this gradient shapes the region's water availability, its ecosystems, and its economies. This climatic boundary is largely set by the influence of two competing atmospheric circulation systems that meet over the Great Plains—the wintertime westerlies bring dominantly dry air that gives way to moist, southerly air transported by the Great Plains Low-Level Jet in the warmer months. Climate model simulations suggest that, as CO2 rises, this low- level jet will strengthen, leading to greater precipitation in the spring, but less in the summer and, thus, no change in mean annual precipitation. Combined with rising temperatures that will increase potential evapotranspiration, semi-arid conditions will shift eastward, with potentially large consequences for the ecosystems and inhabitants of the Great Plains. We examine how hydroclimate in the Great Plains varied in the past in response to warmer global climate by studying the paleoclimate record within the Ogallala Formation, which underlies nearly the entire Great Plains and provides a spatially resolved record of hydroclimate during the globally warmer late Miocene. We use the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) as preserved in authigenic carbonates hosted within the abundant paleosol and fluvial successions that comprise the Ogallala Formation as a record of past hydroclimate. Today, and coincident with the modern aridity gradient, there is a sharp meteoric water δ18O gradient with high (−6 to 0‰) δ18O in the southern Great Plains and low (−12 to −18‰) δ18O in the northern Plains. We find that the spatial pattern of reconstructed late Miocene precipitation δ18O is indistinguishable from the spatial pattern of modern meteoric water δ18O. We use a recently developed vapor transport model to demonstrate that this δ18O spatial pattern requires air mass mixing over the Great Plains between dry westerly and moist southerly air masses in the late Miocene—consistent with today. Our results suggest that the spatial extent of these two atmospheric circulation systems have been largely unchanged since the late Miocene and any strengthening of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet in response to warming has been isotopically masked by proportional increases in westerly moisture delivery. Our results hold implications for the sensitivity of Great Plains climate to changes in global temperature and CO2 and also for our understanding of the processes that drove Ogallala Formation deposition in the late Miocene.

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Fig. 3. FCAanalysisoftheallozymedataacrosspopulationsof Daphniaatkinsoni and D in Allozyme-Based Genetic Variability Of The Daphnia Atkinsoni-Bolivari Species Complex (Cladocera: Daphniidae) In The Hungarian Great Plain

Fig. 3. FCAanalysisoftheallozymedataacrosspopulationsof Daphniaatkinsoni and D. bolivari.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2013View details →

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Species as conservation umbrellas: a case study with lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in the southern Great Plains of North America

Qualitative index of conservation benefit conferred by management for the lesser prairie chicken on non-target at-risk wildlife species.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Multi-proxy paleolimnological records provide evidence for a shift to a new ecosystem state in the Northern Great Plains, USA

Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of the North American Northern Great Plains perform multiple ecosystem services and are biodiversity hotspots. However, climatological changes can result in sudden shifts in these important ecosystems. For example, marked increases in precipitation in the last few decades have resulted in a widespread shift in wetlands across the Prairie Pothole Region to a new ecohydrological state. We used multi-proxy analyses (diatom community composition and invertebrate stable isotopes) of 210Pb-dated sediment cores from two adjacent, but morphologically and hydrologically different, prairie-pothole wetlands to assess the effects of hydroclimatic variability on these wetland ecosystems. Our results provide evidence that the recent ecohydrological shift in the region's wetlands is unprecedented over the past ca.178 years. Oxygen stable isotopes in chironomid head capsules provide a record of paleo-hydrology changes. The most recent sediments (i.e., those deposited after the state shift) from both wetlands revealed novel changes in diatom communities that differed greatly from earlier community compositions. Additionally, a depleted signal in deuterium and 13C carbon stable isotopes observed in chironomid head capsules and Daphnia ephippia, respectively after 1993 is likely related to an increase in methane production in these wetlands. Our study highlights the importance of considering basin morphometry including whether a wetland has an overflow point, and multiple biological indicators to study climate-change influences on freshwater ecosystems. Research using these techniques can lead to an improved understanding of recent ecosystem shifts, an understanding that will be essential for future climate-change adaptation and mitigation in this ecologically important region.

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MicroHH LES output for 08 August 2017 over the Southern Great Plains

Data for paper: Improving the Estimate of Higher Order Moments from Lidar Observations Near the Top of the Convective Boundary Layer <div><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-868" target="_blank" rel="noopener">doi: 10.5194/egusphere-2024-868</a></div>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

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Replication package for: The Slaughter of the Bison and Reversal of Fortunes on the Great Plains

These files include the code and data to replicate the results for "The slaughter of the bison and reversal of fortunes on the Great Plains" by Donn. L. Feir, Rob Gillezeau, and Maggie EC Jones forthcoming in The Review of Economic Studies.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Great Plains grassland methane dynamics

The grassland biome is an important sink for CH4, a major greenhouse gas. There is considerable uncertainty in the grassland CH4 sink capacity due to diverse environmental gradients in which grasslands occur, and many environmental conditions can affect abiotic (e.g., CH4 diffusivity into soils) and biotic (e.g., methanotrophy) factors that determine spatial and temporal CH4 dynamics. We investigated the relative importance of a soil's gas diffusivity vs. net methanotroph activity in 22 field plots in seven sites distributed across the US Great Plains by making ca. bi-weekly measures during the growing seasons over three years. We quantified net methanotroph activity and diffusivity by using an approach combining a gas tracer, chamber headspace measurements, and a mathematical model. At each plot, we also measured environmental characteristics, including water-filled pore space (WFPS), soil temperature and inorganic nitrogen contents, and examined the relative importance of these for controlling diffusivity and net methanotroph activity. At most of the plots across the seven sites, CH4 uptake rates were consistently greatest when WFPS was intermediate at the plot level. Our results show that variation in net methanotroph activity was more important than diffusivity in explaining temporal variations in net CH4 uptake, but the two factors were equally important for driving spatial variation across the seven sites. Water-filled pore space was a significant predictor for diffusivity only in plots with sandy soils. Water-filled pore space was the most important control on net methanotroph activity, with net methanotroph activity showing a parabolic response to WFPS (concave down), and the shape of this response differed significantly among sites. Moreover, we found that the WFPS level at peak net methanotroph activity was strongly correlated with mean annual precipitation of the site. These results suggest that local precipitation regime determines unique sensitivity of CH4 uptake rates to soil moisture. Our findings indicate that grassland CH4 uptake may be predicted using local soil water conditions. More variable soil moisture, potentially induced through predicted future extremes of rainfall and drought, could reduce grassland CH4 sink capacity in the future.