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4 results for “Grinnellian niche”
Data from: A Grinnellian niche perspective on species-area relationships
In this work, Grinnellian niche theory (a body of theory about geographic distributions of species in terms of non-interacting niche variables) is used to demonstrate that species-area relationships emerge with both size of environmental space and size of geographic area. As environmental space increases, more species' fundamental niches are included, thus increasing the number of species capable of living in the corresponding region. This idea is made operational by proposing a size measure for multidimensional environmental space and approximating fundamental niches with minimum-volume ellipsoids. This framework allows estimating a presence-absence matrix based on the distribution of fundamental niches in environmental space, from which many biodiversity measures can be calculated, such as beta diversity. I establish that Whittaker's equation for beta diversity is equivalent to MacArthur's formula relating species numbers and niche breadth; this latter equation provides a mechanism for the species niche-space relationship. I illustrate the theoretical results via exploration of niches of the terrestrial mammals of North America (north of Panama). Each world region has a unique structure of its environmental space, and the position of fundamental niches in niche space is different for different clades; therefore, species-area relationships depend on the clades involved and the region of focus, mostly as a function of MacArthur's niche beta diversity. Analyzing species-area relationships from the perspective of niche position in environmental space is novel, shifting emphasis from demographic processes to historical, geographic, and climatic factors; moreover, the Grinnellian approach is based on available data and is computationally feasible.
Data from: A Grinnellian niche perspective on species-area relationships
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Data for: Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest of South America
<p>Abstract</p> <p><b>Aim: </b>Ecological niches are complex and the product of interactions with biotic and abiotic environments across the entire geographic range of species. One recent distinction is between Grinnellian niche characteristics that reflect influences at large spatial scales such as climate and Eltonian niche characteristics that reflect influences at the local level such as distribution of resources and how they are shared among species. Aims of this research were to estimate Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics of phyllostomid bats distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest, examine degree of phylogenetic non-independence of distribution and niche characteristics, and estimate relative contribution of niche characteristics to distribution of bats across this large Neotropical region.\</p> <p><b>Location: </b>The Atlantic Forest</p> <p>T<b>axon:</b> Phyllostomid bats</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Canonical correlation analysis was used to characterize association between Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics. Phylogenetic non-independence was estimated with phylogenetic eigenvector regression. Variation partitioning was used to distinguish relative contributions of different niche characteristics to distribution of bats.</p> <p><b>Results: </b> Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics were strongly and significantly associated. Phylogenetic signal was weak for Grinnellian and strong for Eltonian niche characteristics. Both suites accounted for significant unique variation in distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest. Grinnellian niche characteristics accounted for more than five times the variation in distribution than Eltonian characteristics.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions: </b> Distinct Grinnellian and Eltonian perspectives on the niche provide valuable insights into the distribution of species. The degree to which these two different set of characteristics account for distribution is likely scale dependent with Grinnellian characteristics more important at geographic spatial scales and Eltonian characteristics more important at local spatial scales. Grinnellian and Eltonian niches are important corollaries of α- and β- niches and their associated traits and similarities and differences in the two distinct concepts should be better explored across different taxa and geographic domains.</p>
Data for: Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest of South America
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