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15 results for “Ground-dwelling spiders”
Vibroscape analysis reveals acoustic niche overlap and plastic alteration of vibratory courtship signals in ground-dwelling wolf spiders
<p>Soundscape ecology has enabled researchers to investigate natural interactions among biotic and abiotic sounds as well as their influence on local animals. To expand the scope of soundscape ecology to encompass substrate-borne vibrations (i.e. vibroscapes), we developed methods for recording and analyzing sounds produced by ground-dwelling arthropods to characterize the vibroscape of a deciduous forest floor using inexpensive contact microphone arrays followed by automated sound filtering and detection in large audio datasets. Through the collected data, we tested the hypothesis that closely related species of <em>Schizocosa</em> wolf spider partition their acoustic niche. In contrast to previous studies on acoustic niche partitioning, two closely related species - <em>S. stridulans</em> and <em>S. uetzi</em> - showed high acoustic niche overlap across space, time, and/or signal structure. Finally, we examined whether substrate-borne noise, including anthropogenic noise (e.g., airplanes) and heterospecific signals, promotes behavioral plasticity in signaling behavior to reduce the risk of signal interference. We found that all three focal <em>Schizocosa</em> species increased the dominant frequency of their vibratory courtship signals in noisier signaling environments. Also, <em>S. stridulans</em> males displayed increased vibratory signal complexity with an increased abundance of <em>S. uetzi</em>, their sister species with which they are highly overlapped in the acoustic niche.</p>
Vibroscape analysis reveals acoustic niche overlap and plastic alteration of vibratory courtship signals in ground-dwelling wolf spiders
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Data from: Ten-year responses of ground-dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest
The Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbances (EMEND) project tests the hypothesis that varying levels of green tree retention maintain and retain forest biodiversity better than conventional clear-cutting. We studied epigaeic spiders to assess biodiversity changes two, five and ten years following a range of partial retention harvests (clear-cut, 10-75% retention) and unharvested controls in four boreal mixedwood cover-types. A total of 56, 371 adult spiders representing 220 species was collected using pitfall traps. Lasting effects on forest structure were proportional to harvest intensity. These changes strongly influenced spider richness, abundance and species composition, as well as assemblage recovery. Distinctive assemblages were associated with disturbance level, especially with partial harvests (≤50% retention), and these were dominated by open-habitat species even ten years after harvest. Assemblages were more similar to those of controls in the highest (75%) retention treatment, but significant recovery toward the structure of pre-disturbance assemblages was not detected for any prescription in any cover-type. Although early responses to retention harvest suggested positive effects on spider assemblages, these are better explained as lag effects after harvest because assemblages were less similar to those of unharvested controls five years post-harvest, and only minor recovery was observed ten years following harvest. Retention of forest biodiversity decreased over time, especially in conifer stands and the lower (10-50%) retention treatments. Overall, retention harvests retained biodiversity and promoted landscape heterogeneity somewhat better than clear-cutting; however, there was a clear gradient of response and no retention 'threshold' for conservation can be recommended on the basis of our data. Furthermore, results suggest that retention harvest prescriptions should be adjusted for cover-type. We show that low retention ameliorated impacts in broadleaved forests characteristic of earlier stages in mixedwood succession, but only higher retention was associated with less impact in successionally older conifer forests. Although these short-term responses (10 years) of spider assemblages support use of retention harvests, understanding the true conservation merit of these practices, relative to conventional approaches, requires evaluation over longer time scales, with work more focused on recovery of biodiversity than on its preservation after harvest.
Data from: Small- to large-scale patterns of ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) diversity across northern Canada
We examined how Arctic spider (Araneae) biodiversity is distributed at multiple spatial scales in Northern Canada using a standardized hierarchical sampling design. We investigated which drivers, environmental or spatial, influence the patterns observed. Spatial patterns of species richness and composition of Arctic spiders were assessed in 12 sites located in Arctic, Subarctic, and North-Boreal regions, across 30 degrees of latitude and 80 degrees of longitude. Variation of diversity was partitioned in relation to multiple environmental and spatial drivers of diversity patterns. Over 23, 000 adult spiders, representing 306 species in 14 families, were collected in Northern Canada, with 107 species (35% of the total species collected) representing new Territorial or Provincial records. Spider diversity was structured at the regional scale across ecoclimatic regions but not with latitude. Longitudinal patterns of spider diversity across Canada may be explained by post-glacial dispersal. At local scales, diversity was non-randomly distributed, and possibly limited by biotic interactions. We recommend the use of ecoclimatic regions as a framework for conservation of biodiversity in Northern Canada and spiders as useful bioindicators which can help us understand the effects of climate change across ecoclimatic regions of northern Canada.
FIGURE 8. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 8. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; B. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; C. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; D. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; E. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho. Views: dor.—dorsal, fro.—anterior, hin.—posterior, ven.—ventral. Structures: aa—anterior arc, cb—copulatory bursa, kp—keel-like projection, mr—median rod, pd—posterior diverticle, s—spermatheca, tb—posterior transversal bar, th—transversal hinge, wt—whitish tissue.
FIGURE 6. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 6. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; C. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura. Views: dor.—dorsal, fro.—anterior, hin.—posterior, ven.—ventral. Structures: aa—anterior arc, cb—copulatory bursa, kp—keel-like projection, mr—median rod, pd—posterior diverticle, s—spermatheca, tb—posterior transversal bar, th—transversal hinge, wt—whitish tissue. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 5. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 5. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; B. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; C. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; D. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; E. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; F. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça. Structures: c—conductor, e—embolus, t—tegulum. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 3. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Male pedipalp. A, C, D, G, H, J, M, N in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 3. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Male pedipalp. A, C, D, G, H, J, M, N—right pedipalp, prolateral view; B, E, F, I, K, L—left pedipalp, retrolateral view. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; I. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; J. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; K. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; L. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; M. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; N. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça.
FIGURE 2 in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 2. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male chelicera. Above anterior (G, J, L, M) or posterior view (A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, K, N); below median view. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; I. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; J. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; K. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; L. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; M. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; N. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça.
FIGURE 7. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 7. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; B. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal. Views: dor.—dorsal, fro.—anterior, hin.—posterior, ven.—ventral. Structures: aa—anterior arc, cb—copulatory bursa, kp—keel-like projection, mr—median rod, pd—posterior diverticle, s—spermatheca, tb—posterior transversal bar, th—transversal hinge, wt—whitish tissue. The photo in grey scale is made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 1 in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 1. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Males (dorsal view). A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; I. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; J. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; K. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; L. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; M. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; N. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça.
FIGURE 4. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 4. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira. Structures: c—conductor, e—embolus, t—tegulum. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 9 in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Portuguese Harpactea species. In each map the first species is represented by a transparent circle and the second species by a black diamond: A) H. adicensis & H. algarvensis; B) H. crespoi & H. dolanskyi; C) H. fageli & H. gaditana; D) H. henriquesi & H. hombergii; E) H. korenkoi & H. krejcii; F) H. magnibulbi & H. minoccii; G) H. pekari & H. proxima; H) H. stalitoides & H. subiasi; I) H. tavirensis.
Data from: Ten-year responses of ground-dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Small- to large-scale patterns of ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) diversity across northern Canada
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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