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9 results for “Gryllodes sigillatus”
Genetic covariance in immune measures and pathogen resistance in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) is sex and pathogen specific
<p>Insects are important models for studying immunity in an ecological and evolutionary context. Yet, most empirical work on the insect immune system has come from phenotypic studies meaning we have a limited understanding of the genetic architecture of immune function in the sexes.</p> <p>We use nine highly inbred lines to thoroughly examine the genetic relationships between a suite of commonly used immune assays (haemocyte count, implant encapsulation, total phenoloxidase activity, antibacterial zone of inhibition, pathogen clearance) and resistance to infection by three generalist insect pathogens (the gram-negative bacterium <em>Serratia marcescens</em>, the gram-positive bacterium <em>Bacillus cereus</em> and the fungus <em>Metarhizium robertsii</em>) in male and female <em>Gryllodes sigillatus</em>.</p> <p>There were consistent positive genetic correlations between haemocyte count, antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity and resistance to <em>S. marcescens</em> in both sexes, but these relationships were less consistent for resistance to <em>B. cereus</em> and <em>M. robertsii</em>. In addition, the clearance of <em>S. marcescens</em> was genetically correlated with the resistance to all three pathogens in both sexes. Genetic correlations between resistances to the different pathogen species were inconsistent, indicating that resistance to one pathogen does not necessarily mean resistance to another. Finally, while there is ample genetic (co)variance in immune assays and pathogen resistance, these genetic estimates differed across the sexes and many of these measures were not genetically correlated across the sexes suggesting that these measures could evolve independently in the sexes.</p> <p>Our finding that the genetic architecture of immune function is sex and pathogen specific suggests that the evolution of immune function in male and female <em>G. sigillatus</em> is likely to be complex. Similar quantitative genetic studies that measure a large number of assays and resistance to multiple pathogens in both sexes are needed to ascertain if this complexity extends to other species.</p>
Genetic covariance in immune measures and pathogen resistance in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) is sex and pathogen specific
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FIGURE 2. A and B in A new genus of cricket near to Miogryllus and Kazuemba from the Colombian Atlantic coast and the first report of Gryllodes sigillatus from Colombia (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Modicogryllini)
FIGURE 2. A and B. Phallic complex. Dorsal and lateral view. Convections: Ect.Ap—ectophallic apodeme; Ect.F—ectphallic fold; End.C—endophallic cavity; MLPs—main lobe of pseudepiphallus; Ps.Ap—pseudepiphallic apodeme; R—ramus.
Data from: Oxidative stress and the evolution of sex differences in lifespan and ageing in the decorated cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus
The Free Radical Theory of Ageing (FRTA) predicts that oxidative stress, induced when levels of reactive oxygen species exceed the capacity of antioxidant defences, causes ageing. Recently, it has also been argued that oxidative damage may mediate important life-history trade-offs. Here, we use inbred lines of the decorated cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus, to estimate the genetic (co)variance between age-dependent reproductive effort, lifespan, ageing, oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity within and between the sexes. The FRTA predicts that oxidative damage should accumulate with age and negatively correlate with lifespan. We find that protein oxidation is greater in the shorter lived sex (females) and negatively genetically correlated with lifespan in both sexes. However, oxidative damage did not accumulate with age in either sex. Previously we have shown antagonistic pleiotropy between the genes for early life reproductive effort and ageing rate in both sexes, although this was stronger in females. In females, we find that elevated fecundity early in life is associated with greater protein oxidation later in life, which is in turn positively correlated with the rate of ageing. Our results provide mixed support for the FRTA but suggest that oxidative stress may mediate sex-specific life-history strategies in G. sigillatus.
Data from: Sexual selection affects the evolution of lifespan and ageing in the decorated cricket Gryllodes sigillatus
Recent work suggests that sexual selection can influence the evolution of ageing and lifespan by shaping the optimal timing and relative costliness of reproductive effort in the sexes. We use inbred lines of the decorated cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus, to estimate the genetic (co)variance between age-dependent reproductive effort, lifespan and ageing within and between the sexes. Sexual selection theory predicts that males should die sooner and age more rapidly than females. However, a reversal of this pattern may be favoured if reproductive effort increases with age in males but not in females. We found that male calling effort increased with age, whereas female fecundity decreased, and that males lived longer and aged more slowly than females. These divergent life-history strategies were underpinned by a positive genetic correlation between early-life reproductive effort and ageing rate in both sexes, although this relationship was stronger in females. Despite these sex differences in life-history schedules, age-dependent reproductive effort, lifespan and ageing exhibited strong positive intersexual genetic correlations. This should, in theory, constrain the independent evolution of these traits in the sexes and may promote intralocus sexual conflict. Our study highlights the importance of sexual selection to the evolution of sex differences in ageing and lifespan in G. sigillatus.
FIGURE 1. A, B, C in A new genus of cricket near to Miogryllus and Kazuemba from the Colombian Atlantic coast and the first report of Gryllodes sigillatus from Colombia (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae: Modicogryllini)
FIGURE 1. A, B, C. Male holotype. Dorsal, frontal and lateral view.
Data from: Sex-specific genotype-by-environment interactions for cuticular hydrocarbon expression in decorated crickets, Gryllodes sigillatus: implications for the evolution of signal reliability
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Data from: Oxidative stress and the evolution of sex differences in lifespan and ageing in the decorated cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Sexual selection affects the evolution of lifespan and ageing in the decorated cricket Gryllodes sigillatus
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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