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FIGURE 8 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 8 Digital reconstructions of Heteropsammia specimens based on Micro CT scans. A–E: H. moretonensis (HmKTa). A–C) a series of three transverse slices, from calice margin and base of fossa (A, B) and finally base of corallite with sipunculan chamber visible (C–D) lateral slice with yellow dashed lines denoting the position of slices in A–C, E) reconstructed view within coral, with sipunculan chamber and efferent pore channels projecting laterally. F–J: H. cochlea (KTa). F–H) a series of three transverse slices, from calice margin and base of fossa (F, G) and finally base of corallite with sipunculan chamber visible (C); I, J: lateral and top down (I and Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM J, respectively) view into coralliteviawith Openvariable Access. This opacityisand an open sipunculanaccesschamber article distributed under the terms visible. Scale bars: 2.5 mm. of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

FIGURE 1 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 1 Map of survey sites in the Gulf of Thailand; A) Koh Samaesan; B) Hin Chalam; C) Koh Mun Nai; D) Koh Mun Klang; E) Site HYE21; F) Koh Mun Nok; G) Sai Nuan; H) Tao Tong; I) Taa Chaa; J) Leuk Bay; K) Tanote Bay.

FIGURE 2 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 2 Digital images of specimens based on micro-CT scans. A– D) Tubastraea stimpsonii comb. nov. (EKTa) A) Series of nine transverse slices from calice margin (i) towards base (ix); B, C) lateral view with varying opacities, yellow dashed lines denote the position of slices in A; D) top down view into corallite showing calicular features. E, G, I) Cladopsammia gracilis (RKTa). E) lateral view of small colony specimen including holdfast; G) close-up of theca with striae visible; I) wide slice of upper portion of a single corallite showing calicular features. F, H) Tubastraea diaphana (TmKT19b). F) lateral view of typical colony specimen including holdfast; H) wide slice of upper portion of a single corallite showing calicularDownloaded features.from ScaleBrill bars.: com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM 5 mm. via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

FIGURE 7 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 7 Heteropsammia spp. (scale bars: 5 mm). A–C) living specimen of H. moretonensis, showing dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; D–F) living specimen of small H. cochlea, showing dorsal, lateral and ventral views respectively; G, H) in situ photos of H. moretonensis (specimens HmKS20, HmKMN21; I–K) H. cochlea specimen KT-1m (one mouth, normal phase), specimen KT-2m (two mouths) and specimen KT-4m (four mouths, amorphous phase); L–N) H. eupsammides specimens Ko1, Ko4, and Ko5 respectively (scale bars: 5 mm). RMNH.COEL.39394. Locality: Teluk Slawi, SE Pulau Lassa, East Komodo (08°36'08"N, 119°29'47"E), 13 November 2002.

FIGURE 4 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 4 Partial phylogeny reconstruction of Dendrophylliidae including the Heteropsammia clade, based on Bayesian Inference and the concatenated dataset (COI + IGR + rDNA). Posterior probability values greater than 0.7 shown, specimens in bold and coloured based on sequences provided in the present study.

FIGURE 6 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 6 Dendrophyllia cf. minima. (B, C specimen HC 20f, D, E specimen HC20g) A) living specimen in situ (scale bar: 5 mm); B) digitial reconstruction of a single corallite with varying opacities highlighting external surface beneath calcified layer of coralline algae (scale bar: 2 mm); C) digital top-down view into corallite with calicular features visible (scale bar: 1 mm); D) top down view of skeleton of different specimen (scale bar: 1 mm); E) dorso-lateral skeletal view of calice (scale: bar 1 mm). Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

FIGURE 5 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 5 Living corals with their specimen numbers (scale bars: 10 mm). A, B) Tubastraea stimpsonii (EKT19, EKT20); C) Tubastaea cf. chloromura (YKT19c) left and Tubastraea diaphana (TmKT19a) right; D) Tubastraea diaphana (TmKT19b); E, F) Cladopsammia gracilis (RKT19, RKS20).

FIGURE 10 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 10 Mean population densities of dendrophylliids from soft substrate habitats at surveyed sites across the Gulf of Thailand. Vertical lines represent S.E. Location of the sites displayed in fig. 1.

FIGURE 3 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 3 Partial phylogeny reconstruction of Dendrophylliidae including the Tubastraea clade, based on Bayesian Inference and the concatenated dataset (COI + IGR + rDNA). Posterior probability values greater than 0.7 shown, specimens in bold and coloured based on sequences provided in the present study. Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

FIGURE 9 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 9 Variation in morphology and ecology of solitary soft-susbstrate associated Dendrophylliidae in the Gulf of Thailand. A, B) in situ observations of variable polystomatism in Heteropsammia cochlea (scale bars 5 mm); C) a bleached specimen of H. cochlea in situ (scale bar 10 mm); D) simultaneous ingestion of large salps by two mouths in a single H. cochlea colony, individual salps indicated by brackets (scale bar 10 mm); E,F) rare cases of division in H. moretonensis (scale bars 5 mm); G) ecto-parasitism on H. cochlea by an unidentified epitoniid snail (white arrow) with clusters of eggs (red arrow) attached to the corallite (scale bar 10 mm); H) ingestion of an oral disk of ceriantharian (white bracket) by H. moretonensis (scale bar 10 mm); I) ingestion of an anemone tentacle (white bracket) by H. moretonensis (scale bar 10 mm); J) ingestion of a medusa of Pelagia sp. (white bracket) by H. cochlea (scale bar 10 mm); K) proto-cooperative ingestion of a sea pen by Downloadedtwo from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM mouths in a single colony of via TubastraeaOpen Access stimpsonii. This(scale is an baropen 10 mm access). article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Fig. 3 in A new genus Swennenia for Gascoignella jabae Swennen, 2001, a small rare mangrove dwelling sea slug in the Gulf of Thailand, with notes on the species (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa: Plakobranchoidea)

Fig. 3. Drawings of Swennenia jabae (Swennen, 2001). A, dorsal view of animal with important parts indicated; B, pharynx; C, eye; D, penis; E, teeth; F, diagram of digestive system; G, diagram of reproductive system. Abbreviations: ad, albumen duct; ag, albumen gland; an, anus; as, ascus; cc, central canal; cg, capsule gland; dg, digestive gland; ey, eye; ga, ganglion; gr, genital receptacle; hd, hermaphrodite duct; hg, hermaphrodite follicles; in, intestine; lo, large oviduct; ma, male aperture; mu, mucus gland; oa, oviducal aperture; oe, oesophagus; ph, pharynx; pr, prostate; ps, penis style; rp, renal pore; sr, seminal receptacle; st, stomach; te, teeth; va, vagina aperture; vd, vas deferens;?, indeterminate gland.

Fig. 4 in A new genus Swennenia for Gascoignella jabae Swennen, 2001, a small rare mangrove dwelling sea slug in the Gulf of Thailand, with notes on the species (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa: Plakobranchoidea)

Fig. 4. Internal organs of Swennenia jabae. A, pericardium; B, dorsal view of the body with the skin removed to show the hermaphrodite follicles and septum; C, dorsal view with the skin and internal organs removed to show the septum; D, penial style; E, hermaphrodite follicles; F, position of digestive gland, hermaphrodite follicles, and albumen gland. Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; dg, digestive gland; ey, eye; h, heart; hf, hermaphrodite follicles; in, intestine; ki, kidney; se, septum.

Fig. 2 in A new genus Swennenia for Gascoignella jabae Swennen, 2001, a small rare mangrove dwelling sea slug in the Gulf of Thailand, with notes on the species (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa: Plakobranchoidea)

Fig. 2. Swennenia jabae (Swennen, 2001), total length including cerata ca. 6 mm, from Pattani Bay photographed in the lab. A, slight dorso-lateral view; B, dorsal view.

Fig. 1. A in A new genus Swennenia for Gascoignella jabae Swennen, 2001, a small rare mangrove dwelling sea slug in the Gulf of Thailand, with notes on the species (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa: Plakobranchoidea)

Fig. 1. A, natural habitat in Pattani, Thailand, with mat of the algae Boodleopsis cf. pusilla, amongst pneumatophores in the mangroves; B, clay blocks cut out of the ground.

Fig. 6 in A new genus Swennenia for Gascoignella jabae Swennen, 2001, a small rare mangrove dwelling sea slug in the Gulf of Thailand, with notes on the species (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa: Plakobranchoidea)

Fig. 6. Egg mass and embryos of Swennenia jabae. A, egg string; B, closer view of egg string showing individual capsules; C, veligers about to hatch on 4th day.

Fig. 5 in A new genus Swennenia for Gascoignella jabae Swennen, 2001, a small rare mangrove dwelling sea slug in the Gulf of Thailand, with notes on the species (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa: Plakobranchoidea)

Fig. 5. Dorsal view of animal. A, faeces being expelled in thin strings from the anus (total length including cerata ca. 5.5 mm); B, animal with new ceras being regenerated (total length including cerata ca. 3 mm).

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Fig. 1 in Population dynamics of corallivores (Drupella and Acanthaster) on coral reefs of Koh Tao, a diving destination in the Gulf of Thailand

Fig. 1. Map of survey sites used in this study (after Hoeksema et al., 2012). Six of them were monitored for hard coral cover: Hin Wong Bay, Sairee, Sai Nuan, Chalok Ban Kao, Ao Leuk, and Tanote Bay. These sites and two additional ones (Mango Bay and Twin Rocks=Twins) were also used for predator studies.