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5 results for “HBNO”
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Foliar resorption, leaf mass per area, and leaf chemistry of sugar maple and American beech, 2020-2022
We quantified nitrogen (N) resorption of the two dominant tree species of northern hardwood forests along an elevation gradient using 14 sites at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. For these calculations, we also quantified the leaf mass per area for both species, sugar maple and American beech. The original data before averaging for combining with chemistry data is available in an earlier revision of this dataset. Foliar N of sugar maple increased, and N resorption proficiency (NRP) decreased with increasing elevation. In contrast, foliar N and NRP of American beech did not vary significantly with elevation, suggesting that the mechanisms driving patterns of N resorption were distinct between these co-occurring species. While both species exhibited strong correlations between resorption efficiency of C and N, resorption of both elements was much greater for beech than maple. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Microbial Biomass and Activity, 2021-2023
The goal of this project is to test the overarching hypothesis that positive feedback mechanisms involving changes in seasonal cycles that diminish N availability to plants such that plant N demand is not met by soil N availability in northern forests. Specifically, we hypothesize that increasing N demand by plants (induced by increasing temperatures, longer growing seasons, and other environmental changes) leads to greater N resorption by trees in autumn, increased C:N in litter, and greater net immobilization of N by soil microbes in the following spring. However, the timing of snowmelt and soil freezing in spring may further affect net mineralization and N availability for plants. These hypotheses are being tested with a combination of observational, experimental, and modeling approaches at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire: 1) measurements at 14 previously established sites along an elevation/aspect climate gradient; 2) litter and snow manipulation experiments at six sites along the climate gradient to create variation in soil climate conditions and microbial N immobilization during spring. We leveraged 14 sites previously established along an elevation and aspect-driven climate gradient at Hubbard Brook as a “natural climate experiment" to test our hypothesis that a positive feedback between N cycling during fall senescence and spring contributes to declining N availability in northern forests. This elevation gradient encompasses variation in mean annual air temperature of ~2.5 °C that is similar to the change projected to occur with climate change over the next 50–100 years in the northeastern U.S. There is relatively little variation in soils along the gradient. We are utilizing three sites at higher elevation (~550-660 m, north facing) and three sites at lower elevation (~375-500 m, south facing) for the litter and snow manipulation experiments to maximize the differences in temperature among the 14 sites. Litterbox manipulation: The objecti
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): In-situ Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification, 2021-2023
The goal of this project is to test the overarching hypothesis that positive feedback mechanisms involving changes in seasonal cycles that diminish N availability to plants such that plant N demand is not met by soil N availability in northern forests. Specifically, we hypothesize that increasing N demand by plants (induced by increasing temperatures, longer growing seasons, and other environmental changes) leads to greater N resorption by trees in autumn, increased C:N in litter, and greater net immobilization of N by soil microbes in the following spring. However, the timing of snowmelt and soil freezing in spring may further affect net mineralization and N availability for plants. These hypotheses are being tested with a combination of observational, experimental, and modeling approaches at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire: 1) measurements at 14 previously established sites along an elevation/aspect climate gradient; 2) litter and snow manipulation experiments at six sites along the climate gradient to create variation in soil climate conditions and microbial N immobilization during spring. We leveraged 14 sites previously established along an elevation and aspect-driven climate gradient at Hubbard Brook as a “natural climate experiment" to test our hypothesis that a positive feedback between N cycling during fall senescence and spring contributes to declining N availability in northern forests. This elevation gradient encompasses variation in mean annual air temperature of ~2.5 °C that is similar to the change projected to occur with climate change over the next 50–100 years in the northeastern U.S. There is relatively little variation in soils along the gradient. We are utilizing three sites at higher elevation (~550-660 m, north facing) and three sites at lower elevation (~375-500 m, south facing) for the litter and snow manipulation experiments to maximize the differences in temperature among the 14 sites. Litterbox manipulation: The objecti
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Snowmelt Manipulation study, 2021-2023
In seasonally snow-covered ecosystems such as northern hardwood forests of the northeastern U.S., spring snowmelt is a critical transition period for plant and microbial communities, as well as for the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (N). However, it remains unknown how shifting snowmelt dynamics influence soil and plant processing and uptake of N in these forests, which are experiencing reductions in N availability relative to demand, a process known as oligotrophication. We determined the role of changing spring snowmelt timing on root production and N pools and fluxes by manipulating snowmelt timing along a climate elevation gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. We manually halved or doubled snow water equivalent (SWE) in experimental plots in March of 2022 and 2023 to accelerate or delay by an average of one week, respectively, the onset of spring snowmelt. Earlier snowmelt led to reduced snowpack depth and duration, as well as deeper, more sustained soil frost during the snowmelt period in 2022, but soil freezing did not occur in 2023. Soil nitrate and net nitrification rates were significantly lower with shallower snowpack and earlier snowmelt compared to plots with deeper snow and later snowmelt. Shallower snowpack and early snowmelt were also associated with decreased foliar N concentrations and 15N values, indications that earlier snowmelt contributes to lower N availability relative to plant N uptake and demand. Our study provides evidence that early snowmelt resulting from shallower snowpack contributes to N oligotrophication, primarily through impacts on soil nitrate supply and uptake of N by trees. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Litter Manipulation study, 2021-2023
Declining nitrogen (N) availability relative to plant demand, known as N oligotrophication, is a widespread phenomenon that has been particularly well documented in northern hardwood forests of the northeast U.S. It is hypothesized that later fall senescence contributes to this trend by increasing tree resorption of N, resulting in higher carbon:nitrogen ratios (C:N) in litterfall and reduced N availability in soil. To examine the effects of litterfall C:N on soil N cycling, we conducted a litter quality manipulation experiment comparing low C:N and high C:N litter with native litter along an elevation and aspect gradient at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. We found that potential net ammonification and mineralization rates were positively correlated with litter N and negatively correlated with litter C:N under high C:N litter, but these relationships were not present under native or low C:N litter. Differences in nitrate pools and net mineralization rates between high- and low-quality litter treatments were greater at colder sites where native litterfall tends to have lower C:N than at low elevation sites. Together, these results demonstrate that higher C:N litter and a warming climate likely contribute to N oligotrophication through effects on microbially driven N cycling rates in organic soils. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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