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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

List of insects in the Natura 2000 site "Fiumi Giardino-Aterno-Sagittario, Riserva Sorgenti del Pescara", with focus on protected species under the Habitats Directive

The dataset contains records of insects surveyed in the Special Area of Conservation "Fiumi Giardino-Aterno-Sagittario, Riserva Sorgenti del Pescara" (IT7110097), Abruzzo Region, Italy. The species were collected during a field campaign aimed at updating the information about the presence of species protected under the Habitats Directive for the purposes of the site management plan. The survey was carried out in 2013 with different sampling methods: visual inspection (Odonata and Lepidoptera), entomological net (Odonata and Lepidoptera), black cross window traps baited with specific pheromone (Osmoderma eremita). The study area was divided into 5 sampling areas which corresponds to different habitat types: 1. Sorgenti del Pescara (river spring), 2. Parco Fluviale Giardino (urban park with old trees), 3. Orti di Popoli (agricultural landscape), 4. Fiume Aterno (river), 5. Fiume Sagittario (river). Among them, a total of 11 sampling sites were identified. The target taxa were: Odonata, Lepidoptera and Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera). The information collected on Osmoderma eremita were included in the paper by Giangregorio et al. (2015), a study on the presence of this species in the Abruzzo Region. The dataset contains 37 species, the taxonomy follows Fauna europaea (https://fauna-eu.org/).

Figure 11 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 11. Distribution of Lignyoptera fumidaria in the Balkan Peninsula. Red dots represent the new localities; black dots – recently published localities; yellow dots – old published localities.

Figure 9 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 9. Lignyoptera fumidaria male from Vidlič Mt., above Krupac Village, 525 m. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 7 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 7. Paracossulus thrips male from Vidlič Mt., above Gulenovci Village, 967 m. Scale bar = 1 cm.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Habitat deterioration promotes the evolution of direct development in metamorphosing species

Although metamorphosis is widespread in the animal kingdom, several species have evolved life cycle modifications to avoid complete metamorphosis. Some species, e.g., many salamanders and newts, have deleted the adult stage via a process called paedomorphosis. Others, e.g., some frog species and marine invertebrates, no longer have a distinct larval stage and reach maturation via direct development. Here we study which ecological conditions can lead to the loss of metamorphosis via the evolution of direct development. To do so, we use size-structured consumer-resource models in conjunction with the adaptive-dynamics approach. In case the larval habitat deteriorates, individuals will produce larger offspring and in concert accelerate metamorphosis. While this leads to the evolutionary transition from metamorphosis to direct development when the adult habitat is highly favourable, the population will go extinct in case the adult habitat does not provide sufficient food in order to escape metamorphosis. With a phylogenetic approach we furthermore show that among amphibians the transition of metamorphosis to direct development is indeed, in line with model predictions, conditional on and preceded by the evolution of larger egg sizes.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data from: Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

Human habitat disturbance affects both species diversity and intraspecific genetic diversity, leading to correlations between these two components of biodiversity (termed species - genetic diversity correlation, SGDC). However, whether SGDC predictions extend to host-associated communities, such as the intestinal parasite and gut microbial diversity, remains largely unexplored. Additionally, the role of dominant generalist species is often neglected despite their importance in shaping the environment experienced by other members of the ecological community, and their role as source, reservoir and vector of zoonotic diseases. New analytical approaches (e.g., structural equation modelling, SEM) can be used to assess SGDC relationships and distinguish among direct and indirect effects of habitat characteristics and disturbance on the various components of biodiversity. With six concrete and biologically sound models in mind, we collected habitat characteristics of 22 study sites from four distinct landscapes located in central Panama. Each landscape differed in the degree of human disturbance and fragmentation measured by several quantitative variables, such as canopy cover, canopy height and understory density. In terms of biodiversity, we estimated on the one hand, 1) small mammal species diversity, and, on the other hand, 2) genome-wide diversity, 3) intestinal parasite diversity and 4) gut microbial heterogeneity of the most dominant generalist species (Tome's spiny rat, Proechimys semispinosus). We used SEMs to assess the links between habitat characteristics and biological diversity measures. The best supported SEM suggested that habitat characteristics directly and positively affect the richness of small mammals, the genetic diversity of P. semispinosus and its gut microbial heterogeneity. Habitat characteristics did not, however, directly impact intestinal parasite diversity. We also detected indirect, positive effects of habitat characteristics on both host-associated assemblages via small mammal richness. For microbes, this is likely linked to cross species transmission, particularly in shared and/or anthropogenically altered habitats, whereas host diversity mitigates parasite infections. The SEM revealed an additional indirect but negative effect on intestinal parasite diversity via host genetic diversity. Our study showcases that habitat alterations not only affect species diversity and host genetic diversity in parallel, but also species diversity of host-associated assemblages. The impacts from human disturbance are therefore expected to ripple through entire ecosystems with far reaching effects felt even by generalist species.

Figure 8 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 8. Habitat of Lignyoptera fumidaria at Vidlič Mt., above Krupac Village, 525 m.

Figure 3 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 3. Habitat of Paracossulus thrips at Chepan Hill, below Petrovski Krust Summit, 1167 m.

Figure 2 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 2. Paracossulus thrips male, between Ponor and Bezden Villages, 912 m.

Figure 1 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 1. Habitat of Paracossulus thrips between Ponor and Bezden Villages, 912 m.

Figure 5 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 5. Habitat of Paracossulus thrips at Vidlič Mt., above Gulenovci Village, 967 m.

Figure 4 in Paracossulus thrips (Hübner, 1818) (Cossidae) and Lignyoptera fumidaria (Hübner, 1825) (Geometridae) - two Lepidoptera genera new for Serbia with a review of the distribution of these two Habitats Directive species in the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 4. Paracossulus thrips male at Chepan Hill, below Petrovski Krust Summit, 1167 m.

publicJul 2020View details →

Data from: Habitat deterioration promotes the evolution of direct development in metamorphosing species

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publicAug 2022View details →

Data from: Disentangling direct from indirect effects of habitat disturbance on multiple components of biodiversity

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opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Genomic architecture of habitat-related divergence and signature of directional selection in the body shapes of Gnathopogon fishes

Evolution of ecomorphologically relevant traits such as body shapes is important to colonize and persist in a novel environment. Habitat-related adaptive divergence of these traits is therefore common among animals. We studied the genomic architecture of habitat-related divergence in the body shape of Gnathopogon fishes, a novel example of lake–stream ecomorphological divergence, and tested for the action of directional selection on body shape differentiation. Compared to stream-dwelling Gnathopogon elongatus, the sister species Gnathopogon caerulescens, exclusively inhabiting a large ancient lake, had an elongated body, increased proportion of the caudal region and small head, which would be advantageous in the limnetic environment. Using an F2 interspecific cross between the two Gnathopogon species (195 individuals), quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis with geometric morphometric quantification of body shape and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing-derived markers (1622 loci) identified 26 significant QTLs associated with the interspecific differences of body shape-related traits. These QTLs had small to moderate effects, supporting polygenic inheritance of the body shape-related traits. Each QTL was mostly located on different genomic regions, while colocalized QTLs were detected for some ecomorphologically relevant traits that are proxy of body and caudal peduncle depths, suggesting different degree of modularity among traits. The directions of the body shape QTLs were mostly consistent with the interspecific difference, and QTL sign test suggested a genetic signature of directional selection in the body shape divergence. Thus, we successfully elucidated the genomic architecture underlying the adaptive changes of the quantitative and complex morphological trait in a novel system.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Disentangling direct and indirect effects of habitat fragmentation on wild plants' pollinator visits and seed production

Habitat fragmentation threatens plant and pollinator communities, as well as their interactions. However, the effects of landscape fragmentation on the pollination of wild plant species are not well-understood yet, partly because in fragmented landscapes there are many correlated features (e.g. decreased patch size, increased isolation and patch complexity) whose influences are difficult to disentangle. Using a SEM approach, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of landscape fragmentation (patch size, isolation and complexity, percentage of surrounding forest) on the abundance, functional-group richness and evenness of pollinators of 24 habitat fragments within an agricultural landscape in Southern Norway. In addition, we studied how these variables affected visitation rates (visits/flower) and seed production (seed set, seed weight) in the four most abundant plant species in the area. Flower abundance was higher in larger and complex patches and decreased with the percentage of forest in the surroundings, while flower richness increased with patch complexity. We found a direct negative relationship between patch complexity and the overall number of pollinator visits that the habitat fragments received. Apart from this direct landscape effect, pollinator visits were mostly affected by the floral communities, with overall flower abundance and richness increasing both total number of pollinator visits and pollinator-group richness, and flower richness having an additional negative influence on pollinator-group evenness. Interestingly, we did not find any direct link between visitation rates and reproductive success for any of the study plant species. Instead, several landscape variables directly affected species seed production, although the effects of landscape on seed production were highly species-specific. Patch complexity, had a negative effect on seed production in two of the four focal species, while other components of the landscape had species-specific effects. Increasing fragmentation of agricultural landscapes affects pollination interactions at the community level and the reproduction of wild plants. However, understanding the effects of fragmentation on seed production requires going beyond estimating visitation rates, since landscape effects on plant reproduction are not always related to overall interaction frequencies.

zenodo32/100

Data set and analytic codes supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia"

This deposit contains data set and analytic codes (with a meta data) supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia". We investigated how habitat structure and complexity within smallholding oil palm plantations affected resource-use behaviours of two common butterfly species in the study areas (oil palm plantations in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia): Leptosia nina (Pieridae) and Ypthima spp. (Nymphalidae). Using direct-observation methods we developed, we followed seven and nine individuals of each species respectively, for three minutes in smallholder-owned immature monoculture and polyculture oil palm, and mature monoculture oil palm plantations. We recorded distance travelled by each individual from both straight line and the sums of distances between all perching points, and the position and characteristics of each perch location, where the individual landed. We compared our observations to control runs, generated by pairing observed distances travelled, but selecting the direction for each movement at random. By comparing the distance travelled and characteristics of locations used by butterflies and paired control points across habitats, we assessed how individuals in the two species used the local environment and whether this differed with habitat structure and complexity. Funding and research permission: Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund funded MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) funded the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was granted by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia’s Prime Minister’s Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

publicSep 2015View details →

Data from: Direct and indirect effects of nursery habitats on coral-reef fish assemblages, grazing pressure, and benthic dynamics

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