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165 results for “Hahniidae”
Dataset: Systematics of the color-polymorphic spider genus Cybaeolus, with comments on the phylogeny of the family Hahniidae (Araneae)
<p>Phylogenetic analysis of the spiders of the genus Cybaeulus, with outgroups in the marronoid clade. Data from six DNA markers, analyzed with maximum likelihood and parsimony.</p> <p><br>PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS</p> <p>We obtained sequences from 26 samples of the three known species of Cybaeolus, and of five additional species of Hahniidae. To these, we added legacy sequences of Cybaeolus and of other genera of Hahniidae, as well as representatives of the remaining families in the marronoid clade. For the new sequences, the extraction and amplification of DNA was made in the Laboratory of Molecular Tools at Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), from tissues preserved in absolute alcohol at -18ºC. We targeted the markers histone H3 (H3), cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), previously used to estimate relationships of marronoid spiders (Wheeler et al., 2017). Details of extraction, primers and PCR protocols are the same as in Magalhaes & Ramírez (2022). Sequencing was outsourced to Macrogen Inc., South Korea. The resulting chromatograms were analyzed individually to detect contaminated sequences or ambiguous portions. In addition to these sequences obtained in the laboratory, we combined our data with additional sequences from previous work (Wheeler et al., 2017; Rivera-Quiroz et al., 2020), using the markers mentioned above plus 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S). For the CO1 marker, additional sequences obtained by the Arachnology Division at MACN and deposited in the BOLDSYSTEMS platform (https://www.boldsystems.org/) were also used. Sequences were aligned with MAFFT Online v.7.463 (Katoh & Standley, 2013), using the L-INS-I algorithm. See Table 1 for list of vouchers and sequence identifiers.</p> <p>Maximum likelihood<br>For the maximum likelihood analyses we used the program IQ-TREE 2.2.0 (Minh et al., 2020), partitioning the data by marker, and selecting the best combination of partitions and evolution models by Bayesian information criterion (best fitting models were TPM2+I+G4 for H3, GTR+F+I+G4 for 18S, GTR+F+I+G4 for 16S and 12S together, GTR+F+I+G4 for CO1, and GTR+F+I+G4 for 28S). Since the relationships of outgroup taxa in the resulting trees were slightly different to that found in recent phylogenomic studies, we used the study of Gorneau et al. (2023) based on ultraconserved elements as a backbone topology to constrain our tree search, considering only the taxa in common with our analysis (see supplementary Fig. S1); this means that all the rest of the taxa are free to move anywhere during tree search. Support for groups (branches) was estimated by 1000 cycles of ultrafast bootstrapping. Ten independent runs were performed; of those, six converged into nearly identical log likelihood values (-57417.7725 to -57417.9604) and identical topologies; the tree with top-ranking log likelihood is presented in Results, after collapsing branches with bootstrap below 0.5. To estimate the support of an alternative topology with Cybaeolus as sister to the rest of the hahniids, we used TNT 1.6 (Goloboff & Morales, 2023) to modify the optimal tree placing Cybaeolus in such position, and asked for the frequency of the branch of interest (all hahniids except Cybaeolus) in the 1000 bootstrapped trees previously saved by IQTREE.<br>Ancestral character states for the arrangement of spinnerets (grouped; separated in a transversal line) were estimated by maximum likelihood on the optimal tree, using the R packages phytools and ape, under the models ER and ARD, and the best fitting model selected by the Akaike information criterion. </p> <p>Parsimony<br>For the parsimony analyses we used TNT 1.6. For the equal weights analysis, a heuristic search was made using a driven search with the default parameters of the “new technologies”, aiming for 10 independent hits to minimum length. The resulting trees were then submitted to an additional round of tree-bisection reconnection (TBR) branch swapping. These results were compared to a simpler search strategy of 300 random addition sequences, each followed by TBR, which produced 20 hits to minimal length. As both strategies reached the same trees with multiple independent hits, it is likely that the optimal trees were found. Finally, the strict consensus of all the optimal trees was obtained, and on this consensus the support values were calculated by means of 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. </p>
Fig. 3 in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 3. Hexamatia seekhaow gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RMNH.ARA.18411). a–e. Palp. a. Ventral view, cleared. b. Retrolateral view. c. Dorso-retrolateral view, cleared. d. Prolateral view. e. Dorsoretrolateral view. f. Male spinnerets, ventral view. g. Chelicera. Posterior view. Scale bars: a–f = 0.15 mm; g = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 2 in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 2. Hexamatia seekhaow gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RMNH.ARA.18411). a–c. Habitus. a. Ventral view. b. Lateral view. c. Dorsal view. d. Prosoma, anterior view. e–f. Palp. e. Retrolateral view. f. Ventral view. Scale bars: a–c = 0. 5 mm; d–f = 0.15 mm.
Fig. 6. Female spinnerets and genitals. a–c in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 6. Female spinnerets and genitals. a–c. Hahnia ngai sp. nov., holotype (RMNH.ARA.18415). a. Spinnerets, ventral view. b. Epigynum, cleared, dorsal view. c. Ventral view. d–f. Hahnia saccata Zhang, Li & Zheng, 2011 (RMNH.ARA.18412). d. Spinnerets, ventral view. e. Epigynum, cleared, dorsal view. f. Ventral view. Scale bars: a, d–f = 0.25 mm; b–c = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 5. Hahnia saccata Zhang, Li in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 5. Hahnia saccata Zhang, Li & Zheng, 2011, ♀ (RMNH.ARA.18412). a–c. Habitus. a. Ventral view. b. Lateral view. c. Dorsal view. d. Prosoma, anterior view. e. Chelicerae, posterior view. f–g. Epigynum. f. Dorsal view, cleared. g. Ventral view. Scale bars: a–c = 1.0 mm; d = 0.50 mm; e–g = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 8 in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 8. Map of mainland Southeast Asia, showing the collecting sites of Zhang et al. (2011) (Hahnia saccata Zhang, Li & Zheng, 2011 and Hexamatia senaria (Zhang, Li & Zheng, 2011) gen. et comb. nov.), circle; and our new hahniid specimens (Hexamatia seekhaow gen. et sp. nov., Hahnia ngai sp. nov. and Hahnia saccata), square.
Fig. 7 in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 7. Examples of eye reduction in the Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878. a. Eight eyes with minute AME, Alistra myops (Simon, 1898); modified from Schiapelli & Gerschman de P. 1959. b–d. Six eyes. b. Amaloxenops vianai Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1958; modified from Schiapelli & Gerschman de P. 1958. c. Scotospilus longus Zhang, Li & Pham, 2013; modified from Zhang et al. 2013. d. Hexamatia seekhaow gen. et sp. nov. e–f. No eyes, Iberina mazarredoi Simon, 1881; modified from Fernández- Pérez et al. 2014. Scale bars: a–d = 0.1 mm; e–f = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 4 in First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family
Fig. 4. Hahnia ngai sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (RMNH.ARA.18415). a–c. Habitus. a. Ventral view. b. Lateral view. c. Dorsal view. d. Prosoma, anterior view. e. Chelicerae, posterior view. f–g. Epigynum. f. Dorsal view, cleared. g. Ventral view. Scale bars: a–c = 1.0 mm; d–e, g = 0.25 mm; f = 0.1 mm.
Figure 4 in New data on Hahnia C.L. Koch, 1841 from Crimea (Aranei: Hahniidae)
Figure 4. Male palp of Hahnia nava (a- ventral, b- retrolateral). Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: C – conductor; Cf – cymbial furrow; E – embolus; Pa – patellar apophysis; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; T – tegulum.
Figure 8 in New data on Hahnia C.L. Koch, 1841 from Crimea (Aranei: Hahniidae)
Figure 8. Epigyne of Hahnia pusilla (a- ventral, b- dorsal, c- schematic illustration of copulatory ducts, dorsal). Scale = 0.1 mm.
Figure 2 in New data on Hahnia C.L. Koch, 1841 from Crimea (Aranei: Hahniidae)
Figure 2. Epigyne of Hahnia helveola (a- ventral, b- dorsal, c- schematic illustration of copulatory ducts, dorsal). Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co – copulatory opening; Cd – copulatory ducts; Fd – fertilization duct; S – receptacle; SS –secondary receptacle.
Figure 6 in New data on Hahnia C.L. Koch, 1841 from Crimea (Aranei: Hahniidae)
Figure 6. Male palp of Hahnia ononidum (a- ventral, b- retrolateral). Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviation: B – tegular brush ("comb").
Figure 5 in New data on Hahnia C.L. Koch, 1841 from Crimea (Aranei: Hahniidae)
Figure 5. Epigyne of Hahnia nava (a- ventral, b- dorsal, c- schematic illustration of copulatory ducts, dorsal). Scale = 0.1 mm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "First records and a new genus of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Thailand with comments on the six-eyed species of this family". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8b7e3a10-8d56-4d68-9516-80e08d0565ef">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8b7e3a10-8d56-4d68-9516-80e08d0565ef</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8b7e3a10-8d56-4d68-9516-80e08d0565ef">https://gbif.org/dataset/8b7e3a10-8d56-4d68-9516-80e08d0565ef</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIGURES 10A–F in First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 10A–F. Scotospilus longus sp. nov., female paratypes (A–D based on the same paratype, E–F based on another paratype). A. Female habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Eye region, dorsal view; D, E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Vulva, dorsal view.
FIGURES 9A–G in First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 9A–G. Scotospilus longus sp. nov., holotype male (A–C, E–G) and female paratype (D). A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Male eyes and chelicerae, front view; D. Female chelicerae, ventral view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view; G. Same, dorsal view.
FIGURES 8A–E in First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 8A–E. Scotospilus longus sp. nov., holotype male (A–C) and female paratype (D–E). A. Left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view. At = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CF = cymbial furrow; Em = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; MA = median apophysis; PA = patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Sp = spermatheca.
FIGURES 7A–E in First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 7A–E. Hahnia zhejiangensis Song & Zheng, 1982, male (A–C) and female (D–E) from Vietnam. A. Left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view.
FIGURES 6A–G in First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 6A–G. Hahnia rimiformis sp. nov., female paratypes (C, F and G based on the same specimen). A. Female habitus, dorsal view; B. Chelicerae, ventral view; C–D, Epigyne, ventral view (undissected, atrium elevated); E–F. Epigyne, ventral view (dissected, atrium degraded backwards); G. Vulva, dorsal view.
FIGURES 4A–F in First description of comb-tailed spiders (Araneae: Hahniidae) from Vietnam
FIGURES 4A–F. Hahnia rimiformis sp. nov., holotype male (A–C) and paratype female (D–F). A. Left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Epigyne, ventral view (atrium elevated); E. Epigyne, ventral view (atrium degraded backwards); F. Vulva, dorsal view. At = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; CF = cymbial furrow; Em = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; Ho = hood; MA = median apophysis; PA = patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Sp = spermatheca; SS = subspermatheca.
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