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37 results for “Halonoproctidae”
Figure 1 in A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Figure 1. Conothele chinnarensis sp. nov., carapace and chelicerae. A. Carapace; B. Sternum, labium, maxillae; C. Eye; D. Lateral view of carapace; E. Prolateral view of chelicerae; F. Retrolateral view of chelicerae.
Figure 2 in A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Figure 2. Conothele chinnarensis sp. nov., legs and spermatheca. A. Prolateral view of maxillae; B. Prolateral view of rastellum; C. Ventral view of maxillae; D. Spinnerets; E. Saddle like depression of tibia III; F. Spermathecae.
Species delimitation with limited sampling: an example from rare trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia (Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
<p>The outcome of species delimitation depends on many factors, including conceptual framework, study design, data availability, methodology employed, and subjective decision-making. Obtaining sufficient taxon sampling in endangered or rare taxa might be difficult, particularly when non-lethal tissue collection cannot be utilized. The need to avoid overexploitation of the natural populations may thus limit the methodological framework available for downstream data analyses and bias the results. We test species boundaries in rare North American trapdoor spider genus <em>Cyclocosmia</em> Ausserer (1871) inhabiting the Southern Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot with the use genomic data and two multispecies coalescent model methods. We evaluate the performance of each methodology within a limited sampling framework. To mitigate the risk of species over-splitting, common in taxa with highly structured populations, we subsequently implement a species validation step via genealogical diversification index (gdi), which accounts for both genetic isolation and gene flow. We delimited eight geographically restricted lineages within North American <em>Cyclocosmia</em>, suggesting that major river drainages in the region are likely barriers to dispersal. Our results suggest that utilizing BPP in the species discovery step might be a good option for datasets comprising hundreds of loci, but fewer individuals, which may be a common scenario for rare taxa. However, we also show that such results should be validated via gdi, in order to avoid over-splitting.</p>
Figure 3 in A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Figure 3. Conothele chinnarensis sp. nov., habit, showing burrow and trap door.
Species delimitation with limited sampling: an example from rare trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia (Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
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Data from: Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family, Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901
The mygalomorph family Ctenizidae has a world-wide distribution and currently contains nine genera and 135 species. However, the monophyly of this group has long been questioned on both morphological and molecular grounds. Here, we use Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) to gather hundreds of loci from across the genome for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among the nine genera and test the monophyly of the family. We also reconstruct the possible ancestral ranges of the most inclusive clade recovered. Using AHE, we generate a supermatrix of 565 loci and 115,209 bp for 27 individuals. For the first time, analyses using all nine genera produce results definitively establishing the non-monophyly of Ctenizidae. A lineage formed exclusively by representatives of South African Stasimopus was placed as the sister group to the remaining taxa in the tree, and the Mediterranean Cteniza and Cyrtocarenum were recovered with high support as sister to exemplars of Euctenizidae, Migidae, and Idiopidae. All the remaining genera—Bothriocyrtum, Conothele, Cyclocosmia, Hebestatis, Latouchia, and Ummidia—share a common ancestor. Based on these results, we formally elevate this clade to the level of family. Our results definitively establish both the non-monophyly of the Ctenizidae and non-validity of the subfamilies Ummidiinae and Ctenizinae. In order to establish the placement of the remaining three ctenizid genera, Cteniza, Cyrtocarenum, and Stasimopus, thorough analyses within the context of a complete mygalomorph phylogenetic framework are needed. We formally describe the family Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901 and infer that the family's most recent common ancestor was likely distributed in western North America and Asia.
FIGURE 1 in Ummidia insularis new species, first record of the family Halonoproctidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) for Hispaniola
FIGURE 1. Ummidia insularis sp. nov., male holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Ocular area, dorsal view. C. Abdomen, ventral view. D. Cephalotorax, ventral view. E. Spinnerets, ventral view. F. Labium and maxillae, ventral view.
FIGURE 5 in Ummidia insularis new species, first record of the family Halonoproctidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) for Hispaniola
FIGURE 5. Ummidia insularis sp. nov., female paratype. A–B. Left leg I. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Left leg III. C. Prolateral view. D. Retrolateral view. E. Left leg IV, prolateral view. F. Left tarso IV, retrolateral view, showing the absence of spinules.
FIGURE 4 in Ummidia insularis new species, first record of the family Halonoproctidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) for Hispaniola
FIGURE 4. Ummidia insularis sp. nov., female paratype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Ocular area, dorsal view. C. Coxae and trochanters of the pedipalp and legs I–II, ventral view, showing the tenuous notches on the ventral-apical borders of trochanters I and II. D. Trochanter III, dorso-prolateral view, showing the curly bracket-shaped prominence (arrow). E. Cephalothorax, ventral view. F. Spermathecae, ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in Ummidia insularis new species, first record of the family Halonoproctidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) for Hispaniola
FIGURE 2. Ummidia insularis sp. nov., male holotype. A–B. Left leg I. A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Left leg III. C. Prolateral view. D. Retrolateral view. E. Left leg IV, prolateral view. F. Left tarsus IV, retrolateral view, showing comb of spinules.
FIGURE 3 in Ummidia insularis new species, first record of the family Halonoproctidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) for Hispaniola
FIGURE 3. Ummidia insularis sp. nov., male holotype. A–C. Left bulb. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Ventro-retrolateral view. D. Coxae and trochanters I–II, ventral view, showing the tenuous notch on the ventral-apical border of trochanter II. E. Trochanter III, dorso-prolateral view, showing the curly bracket-shaped prominence. F–G. Patella IV. F. Prolateral view. G. Dorsal view.
FIGURE 25–31 in Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China
FIGURE 25–31. Conothele deqin sp. nov., male holotype. 25 habitus; 26 labium, maxillae and sternum; 27 left leg III, prolateral view; 28 the tip of embolus, retrolateral view; 29–31 left male palp; 29 prolateral view; 30 ventral view; 31 retrolateral view. Scales bars = 5 mm (figures 25–26), 0.5 mm (figures 27, 29–31), 0.1 mm (figure 28).
FIGURES 2–10 in Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China
FIGURES 2–10. Conothele cangshan sp. nov., male holotype. 2 eyes; 3 labium and maxillae; 4 right chelicerae, showing rastellum, dorsal view; 5 right chelicerae, showing promarginal and retromarginal teeth, ventral view; 6 left leg III, prolateral view; 7–10 left tarsi, prolateral view; 7 tarsus I; 8 tarsus II; 9 tarsus III; 10 tarsus IV. Scales bars = 0.5 mm except figure 4 = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 17–24 in Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China
FIGURE 17–24. Conothele deqin sp. nov., male holotype. 17 eyes; 18 labium and maxillae; 19 right chelicerae, showing rastellum, dorsal view; 20 right chelicerae, showing promarginal and retromarginal teeth, ventral view; 21–24 left tarsi, prolateral view; 21 tarsus I; 22 tarsus II; 23 tarsus III; 24 tarsus IV. Scales bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China
FIGURE 1. Geographic records of Conothele in China. The red circles show the two new species found in Yunnan Province in this study; the blue circles show the four known Conothele species in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong Provinces (Xu et al. 2017).
FIGURES 11–16 in Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China
FIGURES 11–16. Conothele cangshan sp. nov., male holotype. 11 habitus; 12 labium, maxillae and sternum; 13 the tip of embolus, retrolateral view; 14–16 left male palp; 14 prolateral view; 15 ventral view; 16 retrolateral view. Scales bars = 1 mm (figures 11–12), 0.5 mm (figures 14–16), 0.1 mm (figure 13).
FIGURE 8A–C in On three species of the trapdoor spider Genus Cyclocosmia from China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)
FIGURE 8A–C. Caudal view of male opisthosomal discs. A. Cyclocosmia latusicosta Zhu, Zhang & Zhang, 2006. B. Cyclocosmia subricketti sp. nov.. C. Cyclocosmia sublatusicosta sp. nov.
FIGURE 6A–D in On three species of the trapdoor spider Genus Cyclocosmia from China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)
FIGURE 6A–D. Cyclocosmia subricketti sp. nov. A. Female vulva, dorsal view. B. Left male pedipalp, prolateral view. C. Same, ventral view. D. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 7A–C in On three species of the trapdoor spider Genus Cyclocosmia from China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)
FIGURE 7A–C. Dorsal view of male, eyes. A. Cyclocosmia latusicosta Zhu, Zhang & Zhang, 2006. B. Cyclocosmia sublatusicosta sp. nov. C. Cyclocosmia subricketti sp. nov.
FIGURE 5A–G in On three species of the trapdoor spider Genus Cyclocosmia from China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)
FIGURE 5A–G. Cyclocosmia subricketti sp. nov., female holotype (B, F–G) & male paratype (A, C–E). A. Male habitus, dosal view. B. Female habitus, dorsal view. C. Left male pedipalp, prolateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Same, retrolateral view. F. Female vulva, dorsal view. G. Opisthosomal disc of female, caudal view.
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