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17 results for “Halter”
Asynchronous haltere input drives specific wing and head movements in Drosophila
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Weighted haltere and imposed haltere stroke reduction tethered flying Drosophila kinematics
<p class="CxSpFirst">In the true flies (Diptera) the hind wings have evolved into specialized mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which are sensitive to gyroscopic and other inertial forces. Together with the fly's visual system, the halteres direct head and wing movements through a suite of equilibrium reflexes that are crucial to the fly's ability to maintain stable flight. As in other animals (including humans), this presents challenges to the nervous system as equilibrium reflexes driven by the inertial sensory system must be integrated with those driven by the visual system in order to control an overlapping pool of motor outputs shared between the two of them. Here, we introduce an experimental paradigm for reproducibly altering haltere stroke kinematics and use it to quantify multisensory integration of wing and gaze equilibrium reflexes. We show that multisensory wing-steering responses reflect a linear superposition of individual haltere-driven and visually-driven responses, but that multisensory gaze responses follow a non-linear integration logic.</p>
Weighted haltere and imposed haltere stroke reduction tethered flying Drosophila kinematics
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FIGURES 20–21. Puliciphora females, abdominal tergites 4–6 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURES 20–21. Puliciphora females, abdominal tergites 4–6: (20) P. reevesi; (21) P. v i rg i n i e n sis. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 18–19 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURES 18–19. Puliciphora females: (18) P. s u a v i s from above (after Borgmeier, 1960); (19) P. sobria, abdominal tergites 4–6. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 2–7 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURES 2–7. Ecitophora females, wing rudiments: (2) E. collegiana, right rudiment; (3–7) E. halterata: (3–5) right rudiments of three different specimens; (6–7) Left and right rudiments of a single specimen. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURE 1. Ecitophora halterata female, right side of thorax from above (H = head, S = scutellar bristle, W = wing rudiment, A = abdomen). Scale bar 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 16–17. Puliciphora females, abdominal tergites 4–6 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURES 16–17. Puliciphora females, abdominal tergites 4–6: (16) P. glacialis; (17) P. kistneri. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 22–24 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURES 22–24. Puliciphora triangularis: (22) female, abdominal tergite 5; (23) female, right wing rudiment; (24) male, left face of hypopygium. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 8–11 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURES 8–11. Puliciphora females: (8) P. occidentalis; right wing rudiment; (9) P. occidentalis; abdominal tergite 5; (10) P. nuttingi, right wing rudiment; (11) P. nuttingi, abdominal tergite 5. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 25. Puliciphora borinquenensis female, abdominal tergites 4–6 in Rudimentary halteres of some flightless female Phoridae (Diptera) reassessed, and some taxonomic implications
FIGURE 25. Puliciphora borinquenensis female, abdominal tergites 4–6. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 1–2. Halter. 1 in Description of Chaetocladius longivirgatus sp. n., with a review of C. suecicus (Kieffer) (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURES 1–2. Halter. 1: Chaetocladius suecicus. 2: Chaetocladius longivirgatus.
Wings and halteres act as coupled dual-oscillators in flies
<p>The mechanics of Dipteran thorax is dictated by a network of exoskeletal linkages which, when deformed by the flight muscles, generate coordinated wing movements. In Diptera, the forewings power flight, whereas the hindwings have evolved into specialized structures called halteres which provide rapid mechanosensory feedback for flight stabilization. Although actuated by independent muscles, wing and haltere motion is precisely phase-coordinated at high frequencies. Because wingbeat frequency is a product of wing-thorax resonance, any wear-and-tear of wings or thorax should impair flight ability. How robust is the Dipteran flight system against such perturbations? Here, we show that wings and halteres are independently-driven, coupled oscillators. We systematically reduced the wing length in flies and observed how wing-haltere synchronization was affected. The wing-wing system is a strongly-coupled oscillator, whereas the wing-haltere system is weakly-coupled through mechanical linkages which synchronize phase and frequency. Wing-haltere link acts in a unidirectional manner; altering wingbeat frequency affects haltere frequency, but not vice-versa. Exoskeletal linkages are thus key morphological features of the Dipteran thorax which ensure wing-haltere synchrony, despite severe wing damage.</p>
Data from: Kinematic diversity suggests expanded roles for fly halteres
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Wings and halteres act as coupled dual-oscillators in flies
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Data from: Haltere removal alters responses to gravity in standing flies
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The UBX-regulated network in the haltere imaginal disc of D. melanogaster
GEO Series GSE6307. Drosophila melanogaster. 66 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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