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4 results for “Haploid Species”
Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system
<p>Mating systems of haploid species such as fungi, algae, and bryophytes are either heterothallic (self-incompatible) with two sex phenotypes (male and female, or mating type <i>minus</i> and <i>plus</i> in isogamous species) or homothallic (self-compatible) with only a bisexual phenotype producing zygotes within a clone. The anisogamous volvocine green alga <i>Pleodorina starrii</i> is a haploid species previously reported to have a heterothallic mating system. Here, we found that two additional culture strains originating from the same water system of <i>P. starrii</i> were taxonomically identified as <i>P. starrii</i> and produced male and female gametes and zygotes within a clone (bisexual). Sequences of rapidly evolving plastid genome regions were identical between the bisexual and unisexual (male or female) <i>P. starrii</i> strains. Intercrossings between the bisexual and unisexual strains demonstrated normal thick-walled zygotes and high survivability of F1 strains. Thus, these strains belong to the same biological species. <i>P. starrii</i> has a new haploid mating system that is unique in having three sex phenotypes; namely, male, female, and bisexual. Genetic analyses suggested the existence of autosomal "bisexual factor" locus independent of volvocine male and female determining regions. The present findings increase our understanding of the initial evolutionary step of transition from heterothallism to homothallism.</p>
Three sex phenotypes in a haploid algal species give insights into the evolutionary transition to a self-compatible mating system
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Haploid, diploid, and pooled exome capture recapitulate features of biology and paralogy in two non-model tree species
<p>Despite their suitability for studying evolution, many conifer species have large and repetitive giga-genomes (16-31Gbp) that create hurdles to producing high coverage SNP datasets that capture diversity from across the entirety of the genome. Due in part to multiple ancient whole genome duplication events, gene family expansion and subsequent evolution within <i>Pinaceae</i>, false diversity from the misalignment of paralog copies creates further challenges in accurately and reproducibly inferring evolutionary history from sequence data. Here, we leverage the cost-saving benefits of pool-seq and exome-capture to discover SNPs in two conifer species, Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> var. <i>menziesii </i>(Mirb.) Franco, <i>Pinaceae</i>) and jack pine (<i>Pinus banksiana</i> Lamb., <i>Pinaceae</i>). We show, using minimal baseline filtering, that allele frequencies estimated from pooled individuals show a strong positive correlation with those estimated by sequencing the same population as individuals (r > 0.948), on par with such comparisons made in model organisms. Further, we highlight the utility of haploid megagametophyte tissue for identifying sites that are likely due to misaligned paralogs. Together with additional minor filtering, we show that it is possible to remove many of the loci with large frequency estimate discrepancies between individual and pooled sequencing approaches, improving the correlation further (r > 0.973). Our work addresses bioinformatic challenges in non-model organisms with large and complex genomes, highlights the use of megagametophyte tissue for the identification of paralog sites, and suggests the combination of pool-seq and exome capture to be robust for further evolutionary hypothesis testing in these systems.</p>
Haploid, diploid, and pooled exome capture recapitulate features of biology and paralogy in two non-model tree species
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