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47 results for “Harbour Porpoise”
Characterising underwater noise and changes in harbour porpoise behaviour during the decommissioning of an oil and gas platform
<p>Many man-made marine structures (MMS) will have to be decommissioned in the coming decades. While studies on the impacts of the construction of MMS on marine mammals exist, no research has been done on the effects of their decommissioning. The complete removal of an oil and gas platform in Scotland in 2021 provided an opportunity to investigate the response of harbour porpoises to decommissioning. Arrays of broadband noise recorders and echolocation detectors were used to describe noise characteristics produced by decommissioning activities and assess porpoise behaviour. During decommissioning, sound pressure levels in the frequency range 100 Hz to 10 kHz were 30-40 dB higher than baseline, with the presence of vessels being the main source of noise. The study detected small-scale (< 2 km) and short-term levels of porpoise displacement during decommissioning, with porpoise occurrence increasing immediately after this. These findings can inform the consenting process of future decommissioning projects.</p>
Fig. 3 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 3. The skull measurements of the harbour porpoises from the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea: 1 — zygomatic width vs rostrum width at the mid-point; 2 — parietal width vs rostrum width at the mid-point.
Fig. 4 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 4. Черепа морских свиней, Phocoena phocoena relicta, из Азовского и Чёрного морей, вид сверху: 1 — Азовское море, самец; 2 — Азовское море, самка; 3 — Чёрное море, самец; 4 — Чёрное море, самка. Фото М. П. Чоповди.
Fig. 2 in Differences In Skull Size Of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena Phocoena (Cetacea), In The Sea Of Azov And The Black Sea: Evidence For Different Morphotypes And Populations
Fig. 2. Skull proportions of the harbour porpoises from the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea (mean ± standard deviation is presented as the box, upper and lower limits as the lines): 1 — zygomatic width as the CBL percentage; 2 — rostrum width at the mid-point as the CBL percentage.
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises
<p class="MsoNormal">With increasing numbers of offshore structures to be decommissioned, a better understanding of their effect on marine predators is timely. There is some evidence that oil and gas platforms may attract marine mammals acting as artificial reefs. However, it is unclear whether different man-made structure designs have similar effects. Further, due to the lack of baseline data prior to installation, it is unknown whether artificial structures modify the diel patterns of occurrence and foraging behaviour of marine mammals. Here, we used passive acoustics to investigate the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises (<em>Phocoena phocoena</em>) around three artificial structures of different age and complexity. We deployed an array of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) in 2021, along a gradient of distances to these structures and assessed the extent to which porpoises were attracted to them. We also investigated the effect of these structures on the diel patterns of occurrence and foraging activity of porpoises. The probability of porpoise occurrence and foraging activity decreased with distance from offshore structures. A significant increase in porpoise occurrence and foraging was detected during night-time compared to daytime around all three offshore structures (< 200 m). Comparing pre- and post-installation porpoise detections, the daily patterns of occurrence and foraging activity shifted from a weak <a>diel</a><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span> </span></span>pattern before the structure was installed, to a strong nocturnal pattern when the structure was present. These findings provide evidence that marine mammals are attracted to man-made structures and that porpoises modify their diel patterns of occurrence and foraging activity around them. This research suggests that offshore structures play an important role as foraging areas for marine mammals and provides key information for the decommissioning process.</p>
Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring
<p>Knowing the abundance of a population is a crucial component to assess its conservation status and develop effective conservation plans. For most cetaceans, abundance estimation is difficult given their cryptic and mobile nature, especially when the population is small and has a transnational distribution. In the Baltic Sea, the number of harbour porpoises (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) has collapsed since the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century and the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN and HELCOM; however, its abundance remains unknown. Here, one of the largest ever passive acoustic monitoring studies was carried out by eight Baltic Sea nations to estimate the abundance of the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise for the first time. By logging porpoise echolocation signals at 298 stations during May 2011-April 2013, calibrating the loggers' spatial detection performance at sea, and measuring the click rate of tagged individuals, we estimated an abundance of 71-1,105 individuals (95% CI, point estimate 491) during May-October within the population's proposed management border. The small abundance estimate strongly supports that the Baltic Proper harbour porpoise is facing an extremely high risk of extinction, and highlights the need for immediate and efficient conservation actions through international cooperation. It also provides a starting point in monitoring the trend of the population abundance to evaluate the effectiveness of management measures and determine its interactions with the larger neighbouring Belt Sea population. Further, we offer evidence that design-based passive acoustic monitoring can generate reliable estimates of the abundance of rare and cryptic animal populations across large spatial scales.</p>
High rates of vessel noise disrupt foraging in wild harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) - scripts and example dataset
<p>This upload contains Matlab scripts used to compute third-octave levels from audio recorded with DTAG-3 tags on free-ranging harbour porpoises. It also contains examples of results, outputs of such scripts (hp12_272a_noisedata.mat and hp12_293a_noisedata.mat), for two of the seven animals in the study, as well as sensor data for all the animals (e.g. hp12_272a_prh625.nc). The metadata for all the uploaded data are stored in netCDF files (.nc) and the overview plots show noise, vessel presence and foraging data for all study animals. Finally, the upload contains scripts that use the results to perform a series of permutation tests to compare foraging buzz count and total buzz duration in minutes with high- and low-level noise.</p>
Fig. 1 in Heavy metals in bones from Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the Western Black Sea Coast
Fig. 1. Map of the Western Black Sea showing the sampling sites along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.
Fig. 2 in Heavy metals in bones from Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the Western Black Sea Coast
Fig. 2. (a) Correlation matrix between heavy metals and age in bone tissue of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) beached at Black Sea, Bulgaria (significant correlations highlighted in bold). (b) Zink (Zn) concentration in the bones of common harbour porpoises (mg/kg) as a function of age (years).
Fig. 1 in Anisakid nematode species identification in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the North Sea, Baltic Sea and North Atlantic using RFLP analysis
Fig. 1. RFLP profiles obtained by digestion of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region with the restriction enzymes HinfI, RsaI and HaeIII. a)-i) lane 1–5: Anisakid nematodes from harbour porpoises. j)-l) lane 1–3: A. simplex s. s. from North Sea, Baltic and Norwegian harbour porpoises; lane 4–6: P. decipiens s. s. from North Sea and Baltic harbour and grey seals; lane 7–9: C. osculatum s. s. from North Sea and Baltic harbour and grey seals. L: 100-bp ladder.
Fig. 1 in Lungworm infections in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Wadden Sea between 2006 and 2018, and serodiagnostic tests
Fig. 1. Annual comparison of lungworm prevalence in harbour porpoises stranded along the North Sea coast of the German federal state SchleswigHolstein between 2006 and 2018. The median of total deaths (19 ± 9.23, black line), uninfected cases (10 ± 6.83, dotted line) and positive cases (8 ± 5.04, dashed line) are additionally depicted.
Fig. 2 in Lungworm infections in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Wadden Sea between 2006 and 2018, and serodiagnostic tests
Fig. 2. MSP-ELISA results of the 245 samples from harbour porpoises assignable to a specific infection status. Green = lungworm negative (born in captivity); light blue = presumed lungworm negative sera (negative direct detection); dark blue = presumed lungworm negative whole blood (negative direct detection); light red = lungworm positive sera (direct lungworm detection); dark red = lungworm positive whole blood (direct lungworm detection). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Lungworm infections in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the German Wadden Sea between 2006 and 2018, and serodiagnostic tests
Fig. 3. Immunoblot pattern of (presumed) lungworm negative (lane numbers indicated in blue: 1–5 = animals born in human care; 2–5 sampled over three consecutive years; 6–8 = no infection detected) as well as lungworm positive (lane numbers indicated in red: lane 9 = moderate infection; lane 10 = severe infection; lanes 11–16 = direct lungworm detection) harbour porpoise sera. Lane 17 = D. viviparus positive control serum, M = Spectra™ Multicolour Broad Range Protein Ladder (Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Dreieich, Germany). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises
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Estimating the abundance of the critically endangered Baltic Proper harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population using passive acoustic monitoring
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Data from: Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones
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Characterising underwater noise and changes in harbour porpoise behaviour during the decommissioning of an oil and gas platform
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Comparing distribution of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) derived from satellite telemetry and passive acoustic monitoring
<p>Data used for publication in Plos One. Two excel files. The satellite_filtered_data is the filtered satellite positions used for MaxEnt modelling in R. The CPOD_data_PPH is the raw C-POD data expressed here as porpoises positive hours (PPH) and can easily be converted to porpoise positive days (PPD).</p>
Data from: Harbour porpoises respond to small boats by speeding up and moving away
<p>Recreational boats are common in many coastal waters, yet their effects on cetaceans and other sensitive marine species remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used drone videos to quantify how harbour porpoises (<em>Phocoena phocoena</em>) responded to a small motorboat approaching at different speeds (10 or 20 knots). The experiment was carried out in shallow waters near Funen, Denmark (55.51° N, 10.79° E) between July and September 2022. Porpoises moved further away from the boat path during approaches at both boat speeds. In addition, porpoises swam faster when approached at 20 knots but not when approached at 10 knots, and they had a higher likelihood of moving away from the boat path when approached at 10 knots but not at 20 knots. Importantly, the received sound level did not depend on how fast the boat approached, suggesting that differences in porpoise responses were related to the speed of the boat's approach rather than to sound itself. The porpoises' behaviour during the minute where the boat was closest did not differ from their behaviour before boat exposure, indicating that the direct impact of small vessels on porpoise behaviour was most likely small. Nevertheless, repeated exposure to noise from small vessels could influence porpoises' foraging efforts and cause them to relocate from disturbed areas. The approach used in this study increases our understanding of recreational boats' impact on harbour porpoises and can be used to inform efficient mitigation measures to help conservation efforts.</p>
Data for the project: Shifts in habitat suitability for harbour porpoises leads to reduced importance of Marine Protected Areas
<p><span>Location data from 111 tracked harbour porpoises were collected over the period 1997–2022 as part of a long-term satellite telemetry monitoring program in Denmark</span><span>. Individual harbour porpoises were fitted with Argos satellite tags after being incidentally trapped in pound nets, which are used in near-shore commercial fisheries in the Inner Danish waters</span><span>. </span><span>Argos tags were programmed to make a limited number of daily satellite uplinks and acquire a location at pre-defined times (time of day and duty cycles) to increase the battery lifetime. Duty cycles of the tags varied between 1 and 4 days. Pre-processing of l</span><span>ocation data included filtering out unlikely locations using the Argos-Filter v7.03 </span><span>and the removal of locations on land and those collected within 24 hours after tagging to reduce behavioural bias caused by capture and tagging</span><span>.</span><span> After the data cleaning process, 9 345 <span>locations collected by 111 harbour porpoises were included in this study with an average tracking duration of 118.5 days per individual (min = 8 days, max = 522 days).</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Dataset includes coordinates (latitude and longitude ) of each location and the season and time period it was collected.</span></span></p>
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