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13 results for “Heavy metal pollution”
Fig. 2 in Accumulation Of Heavy Metals By Small Mammals The Background And Polluted Territories Of The Urals
Fig. 2. The dendrogram is obtained for element analysis (Cu+Zn+Cd) in small mammals from natural populations in the background zone (Bcg) and polluted territories (Imp). The results of cluster analysis confirmed the statistically significant differences in heavy metals total accumulation in three species of small mammals.
Data for: Heavy metal pollution impacts soil bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance at the Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site
<p>The data in this archive are the results of a study on the impact of heavy metals (HMs) on the soil microbiota of an urban Superfund site in Alabama. HMs are known to modify bacterial communities both in the laboratory and in situ. Consequently, soils in HM-contaminated sites such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund sites are predicted to have altered ecosystem functioning, with potential ramifications for the health of organisms, including humans, that live nearby. Further, several studies have shown that heavy metal-resistant (HMR) bacteria often also display antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and therefore HM-contaminated soils could potentially act as reservoirs that could disseminate AMR genes into human-associated pathogenic bacteria. To explore this possibility, topsoil samples were collected from six public locations in the zip code 35207 (the home of the North Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site) and in six public areas in the neighboring zip code, 35214. 35027 soils had significantly elevated levels of the HMs As, Mn, Pb, and Zn, and sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that elevated HM concentrations correlated with reduced microbial diversity and altered community structure. While there was no difference between zip codes in the proportion of total culturable HMR bacteria, bacterial isolates with HMR almost always also exhibited AMR. Metagenomes inferred using PICRUSt2 also predicted significantly higher mean relative frequencies in 35207 for several AMR genes related to both specific and broad-spectrum AMR phenotypes. Together, these results support the hypothesis that chronic HM pollution alters the soil bacterial community structure in ecologically meaningful ways and may also select for bacteria with increased potential to contribute to AMR in human disease.</p>
Data for: Heavy metal pollution impacts soil bacterial community structure and antimicrobial resistance at the Birmingham 35th Avenue Superfund Site
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Data from: The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments
Rainfall makes impacts on process of solidification/stabilization and the long-term safety of solidified matrix. In this study, the effect of rainfall on solidification/stabilization process was investigated by rainfall test. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) were adopted to characterize the properties of S/S sediments before and after rainfall test. The samples cured for 28 days were subjected to semi-dynamic leaching tests with a simulated acidic leachant prepared at pH of 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0. Effectiveness of S/S treatment was evaluated by diffusion coefficient (D_e) and leachability index (LX). The results indicated that UCS decreased at maximum deterioration rate of 34.29% of the compressive strength after 7 days of curing, along with minimum rate of 7.89% after 28 days by rainfall, with >14 days referred. The rainfall had little effect on the leaching characteristics of heavy metals during the curing process. The simulated acid rain could make significant impacts on the leaching behavior of the heavy metals in the S/S materials. All cumulative fraction of leached heavy metals were less than 2.0 % which showed the good stabilization of cement. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficient (D_e) for Cu was 1.28×10-11〖cm〗^2/s, indicating that its mobility was relatively low of heavy in S/S sediments. The calculated diffusion coefficient (Di) for Cd, Cu and Pb were 7.44×10-11, 8.18×10-12 and 7.85×10-12〖cm〗^2/s respectively, indicating that its mobility was relatively low of heavy metal in S/S sediments.
Data for: Can heavy metal pollution induce soil bacterial community resistance to antibiotics in boreal forests?
<p>The emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance is a central threat to global health, food security, and development. It has been shown that heavy metal pollution can give rise to microbial resistance to antibiotics, but how wide-spread this phenomenon is remains an open question that urgently needs filling to enable appropriate environmental risk assessments. Here, we determined whether long-term differences in heavy metal pollution in boreal forests had affected soil microbial communities such that they had increased microbial resistance to antibiotics. First, we assessed variation in metal concentrations in samples collected across a distance trajectory from the pollution source, and also the microbial rates and levels of bacterial community resistance to the heavy metal Cu and the antibiotics tetracycline and vancomycin in those samples. Second, we tested if the exposure to Cu or tetracycline could increase bacterial community resistance to Cu and to antibiotics in soils with high versus low background levels of metal contamination. Metal pollution had affected microbial community structures and suppressed decomposer functioning. Importantly, bacterial community Cu resistance increased with higher metal concentrations, which coincided with an induced bacterial community resistance to tetracycline, but not to vancomycin. Laboratory experiments revealed that bacterial community Cu resistance could be further induced in both the low and high end of the pollution gradient, but also that these short-term inductions of community metal tolerance did not coincide with enhanced antibiotic resistance. This yielded a surprising negative correlation between long-term and short-term effects by metals on microbial metal and antibiotic resistances. One mechanism that could provide protection against both metal cations and tetracycline is the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family, which is an energy demanding physiological mechanism that may take time to confer protection. This may explain the different microbial responses to long-term gradients and metal addition experiments. Policy implications. We show that metal pollution in boreal forests will promote antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities, revealing an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance. We recommend that environmental risk assessments for any activity giving rise to increased soil metal concentrations need to also consider the induction of microbial antibiotic resistance.</p>
Heavy metal pollution exposure affects egg coloration but not male provisioning effort in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
<p>Heavy metal pollution is known to negatively affect numerous traits in birds, including foraging, metabolism, immunity, and reproductive success. In this study, our primary aim was to assess the impact of metal pollution exposure on the visual appearance of the pied flycatcher (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) eggs. Specifically, we focused on blue-green biliverdin-based coloration, a trait expected to function as a signal of female quality to males. In line with the sexually selected egg coloration (SSEC) hypothesis, which posits that males respond to more intensely colored eggs by increasing their provisioning effort, our second objective was to investigate whether metal pollution exposure affects this specific signaling mechanism and subsequent male behavior. Our results showed that although coloration did not correlate with female quality or male provisioning effort, egg blue-green coloration decreased in polluted areas compared to non-polluted control areas. Our analysis of reflectance data revealed that this difference was due to an increased ultraviolet reflectance of eggs from polluted areas, likely caused by changes in eggshell microstructure (e.g. porosity). We therefore propose that metal pollution exposure may compromise crucial color signals of bird eggs. Avian visual modeling indicated that eggs laid by different flycatcher females are generally very similar, making discrimination by males challenging and perhaps impossible especially in dark cavities. Overall, our results suggest that the SSEC hypothesis may lack adaptive relevance for the pied flycatcher in Northern Europe, even in environments influenced by anthropogenic activities.</p>
Heavy metal pollution exposure affects egg coloration but not male provisioning effort in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
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Data for: Can heavy metal pollution induce soil bacterial community resistance to antibiotics in boreal forests?
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Heavy metal pollution enhances pathogen resistance of an invasive plant species over its native congener
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Data from: The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments
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Data from: Earthworms and cadmium – heavy metal resistant gut bacteria as indicators for heavy metal pollution in soils?
Preservation of the soil resources stability is of high importance for ecosystems, particularly in the current era of environmental change, which presents a severe pollution burden (e.g. by heavy metals) to soil fauna. Gut microbiomes are becoming recognized as important players in organism health, with comprehension of their perturbations in the polluted environment offering new insights into the nature and extent of heavy metal effects on the health of soil biota. Our aim was to investigate the effect of environmentally relevant heavy metal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) on the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) gut microbiota. Our results revealed that Cd exposure led to perturbations of earthworm gut microbiota with an increase in bacteria previously described as heavy metal resistant or able to bind heavy metals, revealing the potential of the earthworm-gut microbiota system in overcoming human-caused heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, an 'indicator species analysis' linked the bacterial genera Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas, with Cd treatment, suggesting these bacterial taxa as biomarkers of exposure in earthworms inhabiting Cd-stressed soils. The results of this study help to understand the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on soil fauna health and will have implications for environmental monitoring and protection of soil resources.
Fig. 1 in Accumulation Of Heavy Metals By Small Mammals The Background And Polluted Territories Of The Urals
Fig. 1. Concentration of heavy metals in the tissues (liver+kidney+spleen) of small mammals: 1 — background zone; 2 — impact zone.
Data from: Earthworms and cadmium – heavy metal resistant gut bacteria as indicators for heavy metal pollution in soils?
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