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FIGURE 10 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 10. Xanthagaricus minimus (Photos by Zhen-Chao Liu, Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HKAS133465 (holotype), HTBM1679 & HTBM1978). a–d. Basidiomata (a. HTBM1977; b. HKAS133465 (holotype); c. HTBM1679; d. HTBM1978). e–g. Basidiospores (e–f. SEM photos of HTBM1679 in multi-angle views; g. Line drawing). h. Cheilocystidia. i. Hymenium and subhymenium. j. Squamules at pileus center. k. Stipe squamules. Bars: b–d = 2 mm, e–f = 2 µm, g–i = 5 µm, j = 20 µm, k = 10 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of Xanthagaricus, a part of the phylogeny of Agaricaceae s. l. inferred from the concatenated ITS-nrLSU-rpb2- tef-1α dataset in Fig. 1 (see also Supplement 3). Nodes are annotated if supported by ≥50% MLB or ≥0.9 BPP. Branches shortened to fit the page are indicated by two diagonal lines with the number of times that they are shortened. Collections sequenced in this study are highlighted in purple. Holotype collections are indicated by HT. The results of species delimitation generated from the ABGD, ASAP, and PTP programs, the accepted species delimitation, the type of basidiospore ornamentation, and the color of pileus squamules are shown on the right of the phylogenetic tree. New species proposed in this study are each annotated with a dot.

FIGURE 6 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 6. Xanthagaricus erinaceus (Photos by Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HTBM1340). a– m. Basidiomata (a. HKAS133460; b. HTBM1342; c. HTBM1340; d. HTBM0941; e. HTBM0936; f–g. HKAS133459; h–i. HTBM1942; j. HTBM1313; k–l. HTBM1879; m. HKAS133462). n–p. Basidiospores (n. A typical grain with abundant warts under SEM, from HKAS133460; o. A nontypical grain with scarce warts under SEM, from HKAS133462; p. Line drawing). q. Hymenium and subhymenium. r. Cheilocystidia. s. Squamules at pileus center. t. Stipe squamules. Bars: a–b, d–g, m = 20 mm, c, h–l = 10 mm, n–o = 2 µm, p–r = 5 µm, s–t = 20 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 3. Hymenagaricus splendidissimus (Photos by Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HTBM1925, HTBM1385 & HKAS133466). a–h. Basidiomata from immature to mature (a–b. HTBM1925; c–d. HTBM1385; e–f. HKAS133466; g. HTBM1940; h. HTBM1965, yellow arrow indicates the flaky squamules microscopically dominated by hymeniform elements at pileus center). i. A hypha arising from hymeniform elements in pileus squamules under LM. j. Longitudinal section of pileus; yellow arrows trace the layer of flaky squamules microscopically dominated by hymeniform elements, limited at the pileus center and beneath the floccose to fibrous squamules microscopically dominated by hyphae forming an irregular trichoderm. k. Line drawing of the squamules at the pileus center. l–m. Basidiospores (l. SEM photo of HKAS133466; m. Line drawing). n. Hymenium and subhymenium. o. Cheilocystidia. p. Stipe squamules. Bars: a–b = 5 mm, c–d = 10 mm, e–h = 20 mm, i, k = 20 µm, l–m = 5 µm, n–o = 10 µm, p = 20 µm.

FIGURE 13 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 13. Xanthagaricus purpureosquamulosus (Photos by Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HTBM1671, HTBM1933 & HTBM0427). a–k. Basidiomata (a–b. HTBM1671; c. HTBM1666; d. HTBM1675; e–f. HTBM1933; g–h. HKAS133467; i. HTBM1934; j–k. HTBM0427, note that those basidiomata crossed in j are X. ianthinus that grew together). l–m. Basidiospores (l. SEM photo; m. Line drawing). n. Squamules at pileus center. o. Stipe squamules. p. Hymenium and subhymenium. q. Cheilocystidia. Bars: a–d, j–k = 10 mm, e–i = 5 mm, l = 2 µm, m, p–q = 5 µm, n–o = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of Agaricaceae s. l. inferred from the concatenated ITS-nrLSU-rpb2-tef-1α dataset. The genus Xanthagaricus is collapsed and independently displayed in Fig. 2. Nodes are annotated if supported by ≥50% MLB or ≥0.9 BPP. Branches shortened to fit the page are indicated by two diagonal lines with the number of times that they are shortened. Each phylogenetic genus is highlighted with a background color. Collections sequenced in this study are highlighted in purple. Holotype collections are indicated by HT.

FIGURE 9 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 9. Xanthagaricus ianthinus (Photos by Zhen-Chao Liu & Kun L. Yang; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HTBM1651). a–g. Basidiomata (a. HTBM1651; b. HTBM1970; c–d. HTBM1970; e. HTBM1971; f–g. HTBM1972). h. Cheilocystidia. i. Squamules at pileus center. j. Hymenium and subhymenium. k–l. Basidiospores (k. Line drawing; l. SEM photo of HTBM1651). m. Stipe squamules. Bars: a–b, f–g = 5 mm, c–e = 2 mm, h–i, m = 10 µm, j–k = 5 µm, l = 2 µm.

FIGURE 11 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 11. Xanthagaricus necopinatus (Photos by Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HKAS133468). a. Habitat of HKAS133468. b–g. Basidiomata (b–e. HKAS133468; f. HTBM1946; g. HTBM1947). h. Hymenium and subhymenium. i–j Basidiospores (i. Line drawing; j. SEM photo of HKAS133468). k. Cheilocystidia. l. Squamules at pileus center. m. Stipe squamules. Bars: b–c = 10 mm, d–e = 5 mm, f–g = 20 mm, h–i, k = 5 µm, j= 2 µm, l–m = 20 µm.

FIGURE 16. A in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 16. A. Distribution range of the five Xanthagaricus species growing in the green belt in front of the College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture in South China Agricultural University (Photo by Kun L. Yang). B. A dramatical example of co-occurring Xanthagaricus species (a–c were violetish X. ianthinus; d–i were brownish X. purpureosquamulosus; j was X. ianthinus, should be violetish like a–c, but became brownish as it was over-mature and also polluted by the brownish spore print of X. purpureosquamulosus; k–m were X. purpureosquamulosus, should be brownish like d–i, but presented a voletish tinge as they were immature) (Photo by Zhen-Chao Liu).

FIGURE 5 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 5. Xanthagaricus chamaeleontinus (Photos by Zhen-Chao Liu, Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HKAS133454 (holotype), HKAS133453 & HTBM0824). a–f. Basidiomata with violetish squamules on pileus (a–b. HKAS133451; c–e. HTBM0824; f. HKAS133453). g–i. Basidiomata with brownish squamules on pileus (HKAS133454 (holotype)). j–k. Basidiospores (j. Line drawing; k. SEM photo of HKAS133454 (holotype)). l. Hymenium and subhymenium. m. Cheilocystidia. n. Squamules at pileus center. o. Stipe squamules. Bars: a–i = 5 mm, j–m = 5 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 7. Xanthagaricus guangzhouensis (Photos by Kun L. Yang; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HKAS133455 (holotype)). a–c. Basidiomata from immature to mature (a. HTBM0632; b–c. HKAS133455 (holotype)). d. Squamules at pileus center. e. Stipe squamules. f. Hymenium and subhymenium. g. Cheilocystidia. h–i. Basidiospores (h. SEM photo of HKAS133455 (holotype); i. Line drawing). Bars: a–c = 5 mm, d–e = 10 µm, f–g, i = 5 µm, h = 2 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 8. Xanthagaricus heinemannii (Photos by Jia Y. Lin, Kun L. Yang & Zhen-Chao Liu; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HKAS133458 (holotype) & HTBM0943). a–g. Basidiomata (a–b. HTBM0943; c–e. HKAS133458 (holotype); f–g. HTBM1722). h–i. Basidiospores (h. Line drawing; i. SEM photo of HKAS133458 (holotype)). j. Cheilocystidia. k. Hymenium and subhymenium. l. Squamules at pileus center. m. Stipe squamules. Bars: a–b = 5 mm, c–g = 10 mm, h–k = 5 µm, l–m = 20 µm.

Figure 6 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 6 - Basidiomata of Heinemannomyces splendidissimus. a Basidiomata showing leaden-blue lamellae and floccose pileus surface (GDGM 46633) b Basidiomata showing dark blue lamellae and floccose pileus surface (GDGM 46633) c Basidiomata showing blue lamellae and slightly depressed pileus disc (GDGM 46634) d Basidiomata showing pileus surface and a reddening context when cut (GDGM 46635). Scale bars: 20 mm.

Figure 5 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 5 - SEM of basidiospores of Xanthagaricus spp. a SEM basidiospores of X. flavosquamosus (GDGM 50918, holotype) b SEM of basidiospores of X. necopinatus (PHI-12, isotype). Scale bars: 5 µm.

Figure 7 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 7 - Microscopic features of Heinemannomyces splendidissimus (GDGM 46633). a Basidiospores b Basidia c Elements from stipe surface d Pileipellis e Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figure 3 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 3 - Microscopic features of Xanthagaricus flavosquamosus (GDGM 50918, holotype). a Basidia with basidioles b Basidiospores c Epithelial pileipellis with encrusted wall. d Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figure 2 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 2 - Basidiomata of Xanthagaricus species. a, b Basidiomata of X. flavosquamosus (a, b GDGM 50918, holotype) c, d Basidiomata of X. necopinatus (GDGM 46632, holotype; PHI-12, isotype). Scale bars: 5 mm.

Figure 4 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 4 - Microscopic features of Xanthagaricus necopinatus (GDGM 46632, holotype; PHI-12, isotype). a Basidia with basidioles b Basidiospores c Epithelial pileipellis with encrusted wall d Cheilocystidia. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Figure 1 from: Hosen MI, Song ZP, Gates G, Karunarathna SC, Chowdhury MSM, Li TH (2017) Two new species of Xanthagaricus and some notes on Heinemannomyces from Asia. MycoKeys 28: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.28.21029

Figure 1 - Phylogenetic relationships of Xanthagaricus species and its allied genera inferred from ITS-28S data using ML method. RAxML bootstrap support values (ML BS, ≥50%) are indicated on the branches at nodes. The two new species of Xanthagaricus from Bangladesh and China, and Heinemannomyces splendidissimus from China, are highlighted in bold on the tree. Herbarium or voucher specimen numbers and country names are provided after the species name. Chlorophyllum rachodes is rooted as the outgroup. Bar: indicates 0.1 expected change per site per branch.

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FIGURE 14 in Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae)

FIGURE 14. Xanthagaricus retisporus (Photos by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin; drawings by Kun L. Yang & Jia Y. Lin, from HKAS133450 (holotype) & HKAS133448). a. Habitat of HTBM1871. b–n. Basidiomata (b–c. HTBM1872; d. HTBM1952; e. HTBM0687; f. HKAS133448; g–h. HTBM0323; i–j. HKAS133450 (holotype); k. HTBM1869; l. HKAS133449; m–n. HTBM1923). o–p (o. Line drawing; p. SEM photo of HTBM1871). q. Hymenium and subhymenium. r. Squamules at pileus center. s. Cheilocystidia. t. Stipe squamules. Bars: b–c = 50 mm, d–h, k–l = 20 mm, i–j = 5 mm, m–n = 30 µm, o–s = 5 µm, t = 10 µm.