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23 results for “Heliconius melpomene”
Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
<p>Prey-predator interactions have resulted in the evolution of many anti-predatory traits. One of them is the ability of prey to listen to predators and avoid them. Although prey anti-predatory behavioural responses to predator auditory cues are well described in a wide range of taxa, studies on whether butterflies change their behaviours in response to their predatory calls are lacking. <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies are unpalatable and form Müllerian mimicry rings as morphological defence strategies against their avian predators. Like many other butterflies in the <em>Nymphalidae </em>family, some <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies possess auditory organs, which are hypothesized to assist with predator detection. Here we test whether <em>Heliconius melpomene </em>changes their behaviour in response to their predatory bird calls by observing the behaviour of male and female <em>H. m. plessini </em>exposed to calls of <em>Heliconius</em> avian predators: rufous-tailed jacamar, migratory Eastern kingbird, and resident tropical kingbird. We also exposed them to the calls of the toco toucan, a frugivorous bird as a control bird call, and an amplified greenhouse background noise as a noise control. We found that individuals<em> </em>changed their behaviour in response to Jacamar calls only. Males increased their walking and fluttering behaviour, while females did not change their behaviour during the playback of the jacamar call. Intersexual behaviours like courtship, copulation, and abdomen lifting did not change in response to bird calls. Our findings suggest that despite having primary predatory defences like toxicity and being in a mimicry ring, <em>H. m. plessini </em>butterflies changed their behaviour in response to predator calls. Furthermore, this response was predator-specific, as <em>H. m. plesseni</em> did not respond to either the Eastern kingbird or the tropic kingbird calls. This suggests that <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies may be able to differentiate predatory calls, and potentially the birds associated with those calls.</p>
Data from: The comparative landscape of duplications in Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno
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Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
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A major locus controls a biologically active pheromone component in Heliconius melpomene
<p>Understanding the production, response, and genetics of signals used in mate choice can inform our understanding of the evolution of both intraspecific mate choice and reproductive isolation. Sex pheromones are important for courtship and mate choice in many insects, but we know relatively little of their role in butterflies. The butterfly <i>Heliconius</i> <i>melpomene</i> uses a complex blend of wing androconial compounds during courtship. Electroantennography in <i>H. melpomene </i>and its close relative <i>H. cydno</i> showed that responses to androconial extracts were not species-specific. Females of both species responded equally strongly to<i> </i>extracts of both species, suggesting conservation of peripheral nervous system elements across the two species. Individual blend components provoked little to no response, with the exception of octadecanal, a major component of the <i>H. melpomene </i>blend. Supplementing octadecanal on the wings of octadecanal-rich <i>H. melpomene </i>males led to an increase in the time until mating, demonstrating the bioactivity of octadecanal in <i>Heliconius</i>. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, we identified a single locus on chromosome 20 responsible for 41% of the parental species' difference in octadecanal production. This QTL does not overlap with any of the major wing color or mate choice loci, nor does it overlap with known regions of elevated or reduced <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub>. A set of 16 candidate fatty acid biosynthesis genes lies underneath the QTL. Pheromones in <i>Heliconius </i>carry information relevant for mate choice and are under simple genetic control, suggesting they could be important during speciation.</p>
Data from: Major improvements to the Heliconius melpomene genome assembly used to confirm 10 chromosome fusion events in 6 million years of butterfly evolution
The Heliconius butterflies are a widely studied adaptive radiation of 46 species spread across Central and South America, several of which are known to hybridize in the wild. Here, we present a substantially improved assembly of the Heliconius melpomene genome, developed using novel methods that should be applicable to improving other genome assemblies produced using short read sequencing. First, we whole-genome-sequenced a pedigree to produce a linkage map incorporating 99% of the genome. Second, we incorporated haplotype scaffolds extensively to produce a more complete haploid version of the draft genome. Third, we incorporated ∼20x coverage of Pacific Biosciences sequencing, and scaffolded the haploid genome using an assembly of this long-read sequence. These improvements result in a genome of 795 scaffolds, 275 Mb in length, with an N50 length of 2.1 Mb, an N50 number of 34, and with 99% of the genome placed, and 84% anchored on chromosomes. We use the new genome assembly to confirm that the Heliconius genome underwent 10 chromosome fusions since the split with its sister genus Eueides, over a period of about 6 million yr.
FIGURE 180. H. melpomene amaryllis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 180. H. melpomene amaryllis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 (dorsal, ventral). Peru: San Martín, Satipo. (image source: https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/melpomene%20amaryllis.html).
FIGURE 102. H. melpomene vulcanus Butler, 1865 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 102. H. melpomene vulcanus Butler, 1865 (dorsal, ventral). Colombia: [Valle del Cauca], Río Dagua. This is one of the most striking forms of H. melpomene, with a bluish iridescence on the dorsal surface and a fine fringe of white scales on the wing margins. Also note that the transverse yellow HW band is only expressed on the ventral surface. (image source: https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/melpomene%20vulcanus.html).
FIGURE 55. Heliconius melpomene rosina Boisduval, 1870 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 55. Heliconius melpomene rosina Boisduval, 1870 "typical" phenotype, dorsal and ventral surfaces. Costa Rica: Chirripo, Paso Marcos. (Image source https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/melpomene%20rosina.html)
FIGURE 2. Heliconius melpomene aglaope C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 2. Heliconius melpomene aglaope C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 (dorsal; ventral). Peru: Loreto, Contamana, 170 m. 26 May 2002. leg. C. Peña. (Image source: http://www.tolweb.org/, images #17224 and #17230). This specimen exhibits a "typical" phenotype of a geographical race with the red forewing "dennis" and hindwing "ray" pattern.
FIGURE 9. H. melpomene meriana Turner, 1967 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 9. H. melpomene meriana Turner, 1967 "typical" form (dorsal, ventral). French Guiana. (Image source: https:/ /cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/melpomene%20meriana.html).
FIGURE 17. H. melpomene thelxiopeia Staudinger, 1897 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 17. H. melpomene thelxiopeia Staudinger, 1897 (dorsal, ventral). French Guiana: Rivière Comte, leg. C. Chazal. Note the reduction of ray elements on the HWV, and rounded proximal edges of yellow spots on FW (image source: https://cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/melpomene%20thelxiopeia.html).
FIGURE 14. H. melpomene malleti Lamas, 1988 in Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 14. H. melpomene malleti Lamas, 1988 (dorsal, ventral). Peru: Loreto. (image source: https:// cliniquevetodax.com/Heliconius/pages/melpomene%20maletti.html)
Data from: Major improvements to the Heliconius melpomene genome assembly used to confirm 10 chromosome fusion events in 6 million years of butterfly evolution
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A major locus controls a biologically active pheromone component in Heliconius melpomene
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Data from: Natural selection and genetic diversity in the butterfly Heliconius melpomene
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Images of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene crosses
<p>Photographs in raw format of dorsal and ventral wings of <em>Heliconius erato</em> and <em>Heliconius melpomene</em> butterflies. </p> <p>Includes F1 and F2 offspring of crosses between <em>H. e. cyrbia</em> and <em>H. e. demophoon</em>, and <em>H. m. cythera</em> and <em>H. m. rosina</em>. Details of all individuals and crosses can be found in the metadata spreadsheet. </p> <p>All photographs include a colour checker to allow standardisation of images. </p>
Fig. 1 in The taxonomic identity of Heliconius melpomene f. pyritosa var. fumigata Zikán (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Fig. 1. Male individual (with labels) described under the name Heliconius melpomene f. pyritosa var. fumigata Zikán, 1937.
Behavioral data for: Effect of experience on mating behaviour in male Heliconius melpomene butterflies
<p>This is the data file that corresponds to "Effect of experience on mating behavior in male Heliconius melpomene butterflies" by P.A. Rather, A.E. Herzog, D.A. Ernst, & E.L. Westerman, published in Animal Behaviour. It contains two spreadsheets, one with all the mating outcome data, and one with the corresponding behavioral data for the training and testing assays. Due to electrical issues with the data recording device during some of our assays, we do not have behavioral data, other than courtship and time to courtship (which were recorded both electronically and by hand) for all our assays, though we do have complete behavioral data for most of our assays. In our study, we show that H. melpomene males who have been previously exposed to a female but did not mate during that prior exposure are less likely to court during a second exposure than a naive male of the same age. This effect appears to be driven by H. m. malleti males, as H. m. malleti males exhibited a strong response to the exposure, while H. m. rosina males did not.</p>
Data from: The transcriptome response of Heliconius melpomene larvae to a novel host plant
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Behavioral data for: Effect of experience on mating behaviour in male Heliconius melpomene butterflies
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