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Fig. 1 in Nomuraea rileyi (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Brazil

Fig. 1. Helicoverpa armigera larvae collected from cotton plantations in Bahia, Brazil. A: Larva on cotton bud; B, C: signs caused by Nomuraea rileyi on H. armigera larvae; D: light micrograph of the N. rileyi spores observed at 400-fold magnification.

Fig. 1 in Effects of nucleopolyhedrovirus infection on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and expression of its 20-hydroxyecdysone- and juvenile hormone-related genes

Fig. 1. Effect of HaSNPV infection on the larval body weight of Helicoverpa armigera. (A) ♦, ■, ▲, ×, —, and ● indicate larvae infected with HaSNPV at the concentrations 0, 105, 106, 107, 108, and 109 PIB/mL, respectively. (B) a, b, c, d, e, and f show H. armigera larvae on the 5th day afer infection with HaSNPV at the concentrations 0, 105, 106, 107, 108, and 109 PIB/mL, respectively.

Fig. 3 in Effects of nucleopolyhedrovirus infection on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and expression of its 20-hydroxyecdysone- and juvenile hormone-related genes

Fig. 3. Expression analysis by qRT-PCR of the JH related genes MET, JHEH, HSP90, and JHi in Helicoverpa armigera larvae afer HaSNPV infection at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The blank bars represent the larvae infected with sterile water (CK). The black bars represent the larvae infected with NPV at the concentration of 107 PIB/mL (NPV infection). The data represent the mean ± SD of 3 biological replicates. Statistically significant differences from gene expression are denoted by * (0.01 <P £ 0.05) and ** (P £ 0.01) as determined by the pairwise Student's t-test analysis in SPSS 17.0 sofware.

Fig. 2 in Effects of nucleopolyhedrovirus infection on the development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and expression of its 20-hydroxyecdysone- and juvenile hormone-related genes

Fig. 2. Expression analysis by qRT-PCR of the 20E related genes ECR, USP, E75, BR, HR3, and NFT2 in Helicoverpa armigera larvae afer HaSNPV infection at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The blank bars represent the larvae infected with sterile water (CK). The black bars represent the larvae infected with NPV at the concentration of 107 PIB/mL (NPV infection). The data represent the mean ± SD of 3 biological replicates. Statistically significant differences from gene expression are denoted by * (0.01 <P £ 0.05) and ** (P £ 0.01) as determined by the pairwise Student's t-test analysis in SPSS 17.0 sofware.

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Fig. 3 in Comparison of biology between Helicoverpa zea and Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on artificial diets

Fig. 3. Cumulative daily larval body length of Helicoverpa zea and H. armigera reared using the same artificial diet and laboratory conditions (26 ± 2 °C, 50 ± 10% RH, 12:12 h L:D photoperiod), Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

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Fig. 1 in Comparison of biology between Helicoverpa zea and Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on artificial diets

Fig. 1. Cumulative daily mass of Helicoverpa zea and H. armigera reared using the same artificial diet and laboratory conditions (26 ± 2 °C, 50 ± 10% RH, 12:12 h L:D photoperiod), Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

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Fig. 1 in Timeline and geographical distribution of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Heliothinae) in Brazil

Fig. 1. PCR-RFLP agarose gel (1.5%) for COI amplification products (511 b) using BstZ17I endonuclease. Lane 1: 100 bp MW; lanes 2 and 5: undigested product of Helicoverpa zea (Londrina, PR); lanes 3 and 4: digestion product of Helicoverpa armigera (Londrina, PR); lane 6: digestion product of H. armigera; lanes 7–10: undigested product of H. zea (Planaltina, DF); lanes 11–15: digestion product of H. armigera (Luiz Eduardo Magalhães, BA); lanes 16–20: digestion product of H. armigera (Carambeí, PR); lanes 21 and 22: undigested product of H. zea (Arapoti, PR); lanes 23 and 24: digestion product of H. armigera (Sengés, PR); lanes 25–28: digestion product of H. armigera (Taquarituba, SP); lane 29: undigested product of H. zea (Taquarituba, SP); lane 30: 100 bp MW.

Fig. 2 in External marking and behavior of early instar Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybean

Fig. 2. Percentage of Helicoverpa armigera larvae feeding on soybean tissues at different periods of the d. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.

Fig. 1 in External marking and behavior of early instar Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybean

Fig. 1. Helicoverpa armigera second instar larvae marked with luminous powder red during diurnal evaluation (A), and its movement and visualization during nocturnal evaluation (B) on soybean plants.

Fig. 1 in Re-examination of morphological variations in the female internal genitalia of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for identification and pest management

Fig. 1. (A) Female genitalia of Helicoverpa armigera. (B) Texture on appendix bursa of H. armigera. (C) Luminal surface on appendix bursa of H. armigera. (D) Female genitalia of Helicoverpa zea. (E) Texture on appendix bursa of H. zea. (ab) appendix bursa; (bc) bursa copulatrix; (cb) corpus bursa; (db) ductus bursa; (ob) ostium bursa; (pa) pigmented area.

Fig. 1 in Toxicity of the Jaburetox peptide to the multi-host insectpest Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 1. Feeding assay with neonate Helicoverpa armigera larvae on maize leaf discs coated with Jaburetox (Jbtx) and Jaburetox Δ-β (Jbtx Δ-β). (a) Accumulated mortality; (b) daily consumption. The arrow indicates the d Jaburetox toxin feeding was stopped. Means with the same letter within the same d do not differ with each other (Tukey test, P <0.05).

Fig. 2 in Toxicity of the Jaburetox peptide to the multi-host insectpest Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 2. Percentage of neonate larvae fed with leaf discs treated with Jaburetox, Jaburetox Δ-β, or control solutions that reached the third, fourth, and fifh instar at d 8 of experiment.

Fig. 4 in Toxicity of the Jaburetox peptide to the multi-host insectpest Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 4. (a) Percentage of third instar larvae fed with leaf discs treated with Jaburetox and control solution that reached the third, fourth, and fifh instar along the experiment; (b) larvae observed on d 8 of bioassay (1 d before all Jaburetox treated had died): on the lef, Jaburetox larvae are in third instar (80 µg per 5 cm2); on the right, control larvae are in the fifh instar.

Fig 3 in Toxicity of the Jaburetox peptide to the multi-host insectpest Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig 3. Feeding assay with third instar Helicoverpa armigera larvae on maize leaf discs coated with Jaburetox (Jbtx). (a) Accumulated mortality; (b) daily consumption; (c) larvae weight. The arrow indicates the d Jaburetox toxin feeding was stopped. Means with the same letter within the same d do not differ from each other (Student t-test, P <0.05).

Fig. 1 in Genetic identification and biological characterization of Baculovirus isolated from Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships among HearNPV isolates (BR1, BR2, BR3, Br4, and GEM) based on analysis of concatenated nucleotide sequences of the lef-8 and lef-9. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−799.3699) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained by applying the Neighbor-Joining method to a matrix of pairwise dis- tances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 14 nucleotide sequences. All posi- tions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated.

Fig. 2 in Genetic identification and biological characterization of Baculovirus isolated from Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil

Fig. 2. Survival curves of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) afer feeding on corn leaves inoculated with 1 × 106 polyhedra per mL of baculovirus isolated. Gemstar®LC, BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, and in control obtained with KaplanMeier estimator.