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17 results for “Heterostyly”
Data for: Diverse mating consequences of the evolutionary breakdown of the sexual polymorphism heterostyly
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Reproductive systems of flowering plants are evolutionarily fluid, with mating patterns changing in response to shifts in abiotic conditions, pollination systems and population characteristics. Changes in mating should be particularly evident in species with sexual polymorphisms that become ecologically destabilized, promoting transitions to alternative reproductive systems. Here, we decompose female mating portfolios (incidence of selfing, outcross mate number and intermorph mating) in eight populations of Primula oreodoxa, a self-compatible insect-pollinated herb. This species is ancestrally distylous, with populations subdivided into two floral morphs that usually mate with each other (disassortative mating). Stages in the breakdown of polymorphism also occur, including 'mixed' populations of distylous and homostylous (self-pollinating) morphs and purely homostylous populations. Population morph ratios vary with elevation in association with differences in pollinator availability, providing an unusual opportunity to investigate changes in mating patterns accompanying transitions in reproductive systems. Unexpectedly, individuals mostly outcrossed randomly, with substantial disassortative mating in at most two distylous populations. As predicted, mixed populations had higher selfing rates than distylous populations, within mixed populations homostyles selfed almost twice as much as the distylous morphs, and homostylous populations exhibited the highest selfing rates. Populations with homostyles outcrossed with fewer mates and mate number varied negatively with population selfing rates. These differences indicate maintenance of distyly at low elevation, transition to monomorphic selfing at high elevation and uncertain, possibly variable fates at intermediate elevation. By quantifying the earliest changes in mating that initiate reproductive transitions, our study highlights the key role of mating in promoting evolutionary divergence.</span></p>
Data for: Diverse mating consequences of the evolutionary breakdown of the sexual polymorphism heterostyly
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FIGURE 4 in Mussaenda recurvata (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam with observations on its heterostyly
FIGURE 4: Relationship between stigma height and anther height of one flower for each individual of Mussaenda recurvata Naiki, Tagane & Yahara in a population of the Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Circle: long-styled flowers, diamond: short-styled flowers.
FIGURE 3 in Mussaenda recurvata (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam with observations on its heterostyly
FIGURE 3. Mussaenda recurvata Naiki, Tagane & Yahara: A. Flowering branch, B. fruit, C. cross section of long-styled flower, D. cross section of short-styled flower. Drawn by S. Tagane from Toyama et al. V1946 (FU).
FIGURE 2 in Mussaenda recurvata (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam with observations on its heterostyly
FIGURE 2. Mussaenda recurvata Naiki, Tagane & Yahara: A. & D. flowering branches, B. portion of abaxial surface of leaf, C. stem and stipule, E. long-styled flower, F. top view of short-styled flower, G. short-styled flower with corolla removed showing calyx and pistil (left) and flower bud (right), H. young fruits. Photos: A–C, E & H on 19 Feb. 2014, D on 21 Nov. 2014, F & G on 27 Nov. 2014 in Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh Hoa Province, southern Vietnam.
FIGURE 1 in Mussaenda recurvata (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam with observations on its heterostyly
FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of measurement floral parts of Mussaenda recurvata Naiki, Tagane & Yahara: stigma height (SH), anther height (AH), corolla diameter (CD), corolla tube length (TL), corolla tube diameter at base (TD), ovary length (OL) and ovary diameter (OD).
Data from: Invasion genetics of the Bermuda buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae): complex intercontinental patterns of genetic diversity, polyploidy and heterostyly characterize both native and introduced populations.
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Data from: The role of inbreeding depression and mating system in the evolution of heterostyly
We investigated the role of morph-based differences in the expression of inbreeding depression in loss of the mid-styled morph from populations of tristylous Oxalis alpina as proposed by theoretical analyses. The extent of self-compatibility of reproductive morphs, the degree of self-fertilization, and the magnitude of inbreeding depression were investigated in three populations of O. alpina differing in their tristylous incompatibility relationships. All three populations exhibited significant inbreeding depression. In two populations with highly modified tristylous incompatibility, manifested as increased reciprocal compatibility between short- and long-styled morphs, substantial self-compatibility and self-fertilization of mid-styled morphs was detected, and expected to result in expression of inbreeding depression in the progeny of mid-styled morphs in the natural populations. In contrast, significant self-fertility of the mid-styled morph was absent from the population with typical tristylous incompatibility, and no self-fertilization could be detected. Although self-fertilization and expression of inbreeding depression should result in selection against the mid-styled morph in the later stages of the transition from tristyly to distyly, in O. alpina selection against the mid-styled morph in the early phases of the evolution of distyly is likely due to genic selection against mid alleles associated with modified tristylous incompatibility, rather than expression of inbreeding depression.
Data from: Heterostyly promotes disassortative pollination and reduces sexual interference in Darwin's primroses: evidence from experimental studies
Different strategies to reduce selfing and promote outcrossing have evolved in hermaphroditic flowers. Heterostyly, a complex floral polymorphism that occurs in at least 27 families of angiosperms, is hypothesized to achieve both goals by optimizing cross-pollination (via disassortative pollen transfer) and restricting gamete wastage to autogamy (via the reduction of sexual interference between male and female organs). In heterostylous flowers, the reciprocal positioning of sexual organs in different morphs and the pollen incompatibility-system within flower or between flowers of the same morph are thought to optimize both male and female functions, reducing the conflicts inherent to the occurrence of both sexual organs in the same reproductive unit. Specific elements of the disassortative-pollination and sexual-interference hypotheses have been tested individually before. However, despite the long-standing interest in heterostyly – ever since Darwin's seminal work on primroses – the predictions derived from these two hypotheses have never been experimentally and systematically examined in the same system. Using distylous primroses (Primula elatior, P. vulgaris) we compare pollen transfer (i) between reciprocal and non-reciprocal flowers; (ii) from anthers onto different parts of the pollinator's body; (iii) within flower and between flowers of the same morph. We further test whether (iv) anther-stigma distance correlates with self-pollen transfer; (v) seed-set differs after pollinations with compatible, incompatible, and both pollen types. Reciprocal herkogamy promotes differential placement of pollen onto different parts of the pollinator's body, thus effecting transfer of more pollen to reciprocal than non-reciprocal stigmas and realizing the key predictions of the disassortative-pollination hypothesis. However, short-styled flowers transfer pollen more disassortatively than long-styled flowers in both species, whereas long-styled flowers export more pollen to non-reciprocal than reciprocal stigmas in P. vulgaris, thus compromising male function in this species. Furthermore, larger distance between sexual organs lowers self- and intra-morph pollination and the pollen incompatibility-system decreases seed production after self-pollination, thus diminishing sexual interference. Our results help us understand how the morphological and physiological components of heterostyly contribute to optimizing pollen transfer and minimizing self- and intra-morph pollination, thus promoting more efficient outcrossing in species with this floral polymorphism.
Data from: Deconstructing heterostyly: the evolutionary role of incompatibility system, pollinators and floral architecture
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Data from: Heterostyly promotes disassortative pollination and reduces sexual interference in Darwin’s primroses: evidence from experimental studies
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Data from: The role of inbreeding depression and mating system in the evolution of heterostyly
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Data from: The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly
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Data from: The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly
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Genome-wide identification of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) miRNAs and their targets reveals differential regulation of heterostyly [Array]
GEO Series GSE81185. Macrobrachium nipponense; Solanum virginianum. 6 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by array.
Genome-wide identification of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) miRNAs and their targets reveals differential regulation of heterostyly
GEO Series GSE81188. Macrobrachium nipponense; Solanum virginianum. 8 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by array; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Genome-wide identification of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) miRNAs and their targets reveals differential regulation of heterostyly [Seq]
GEO Series GSE81186. Solanum virginianum. 2 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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