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12 results for “Himalaya lakes”
Basin-scale spatio-temporal development of glacial lakes in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayas
<p>This dataset offers detailed inventories of glacial lakes for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. Landsat satellite imagery was utilised to map glacial lakes, encompassing all lakes that are equal to or exceed 0.0036 km² in size.</p> <p>In the latest inventory from 2020, we identified a total of 19,284 glacial lakes, encompassing a cumulative area of 1191.81 ± 209.21 km². The investigation encompasses comprehensive mapping at the sub-basin level over the whole study area, facilitating regional-scale evaluations of glacial lake distribution and expansion. The findings reveal a significant rise in glacial lakes over the last thirty years, with a 9.31% increase in the number of lakes and a 10.09% increase in total lake area within the HKH region.</p>
Fig. 2 in Ichthyofaunal Diversity Of A Ramsar Site In Kashmir Himalayas - Wular Lake
Fig. 2. Fishes caught during sampling: A — Cyprinus carpio var. specularis; B — Cyprinus carpio var. specularis; C — Carassius carassius; D — Puntius conchonius; E — Schizothorax niger; F — Schizothorax curvifrons; G — Schizothorax esocinus; H — Crossocheilus diplochilus; I — Triplophysa marmorata.
Potential Sites for Future Lake Formation in Glaciers of Chandra Basin, Western Himalayas, India
<p>The disappearance of mountain glaciers and the formation or expansion of glacial lakes are amongst the most distinguishable and dynamic impacts of climate warming in the Himalayas. The given dataset provides the potential sites for future lake formation over 65 study glaciers in the Chandra basin of the western Himalayas.</p>
Fig. 6 in Ichthyofaunal Diversity Of A Ramsar Site In Kashmir Himalayas - Wular Lake
Fig. 6. Graphical representation of Diversity indices.
Glacial lake inventory over Bhutan Himalaya in 2021
<p>The dataset include shape files of glacial lake inventory 2021 covering Bhutan Himalaya delineated by deep learning from multi-source satellite images with manual refinement</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.
Inventory and GLOFs susceptibility of pro-glacial lakes in Chenab basin, western Himalaya
<p><span>Global warming has resulted in an increase in glacial mass loss, leading to the formation and expansion of numerous glacial lakes across high mountain areas worldwide. The expansion of glacial lakes and subsequent Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) pose a significant threat and cause catastrophic damage to livelihoods and infrastructure up to hundreds of kilometers downstream. Previous studies have reported the rapid expansion of glacial lakes and several notable destructive past GLOF events in the Himalayan region, suggesting a necessity for timely and updated inventory and GLOF susceptibility at basin scale. Here, an updated inventory of pro-glacial lakes across the Chenab basin, western Himalayas is generated based on 10-m Sentinel-2 datasets for 2022. Additionally, temporal changes and GLOF susceptibility of glacial lakes (>0.05 km²) were evaluated using multi criteria-based Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) where nine factors are considered. Glacial lakes are classified into low, medium, high, and very high GLOF susceptibility classes depending on their susceptibility index. The result shows the presence of 419 lakes (>0.001 km²) with a total area of 9.97 ± 0.67 km² across the basin in 2022. <span>The total area of the glacial lakes in 1990 was 3.92 ± 0.58 km², which expanded by </span></span><span>∼</span><span>75%, reaching 6.86 ± 0.25 km² in 2022. </span><span>Furthermore, out of 42 lakes (>0.05 km²) assessed, six were identified with very high GLOF susceptibility. We underline that the role of local geomorphology (i.e., avalanche, rockfall) and pronounced glacier-lake interaction under warming climate scenarios likely increase the GLOF susceptibility in the region. Regular monitoring and more detailed fieldwork-based investigation for these highly susceptible glacial lakes are necessary. This study will benefit early warning and disaster risk reduction of downstream communities.</span></p>
An ice-snow avalanche triggered small glacial lake outburst flood in Birendra Lake, Nepal Himalaya
<p>The Video shows the rapid ice-snow avalanche from the Manaslu glacier into the Birendra lake, flooded with large chuncks of ice that displaced water from the lake producing outburst floods as seen in downstream river. The video is collected and merged from different sources by Nitesh Khadka.</p> <p>The paper linked to this video can be accessed through: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-024-07014-0#article-info</p> <p>Please Cite: Khadka, N., Zheng, G., Chen, X. <em>et al.</em> An ice-snow avalanche triggered small glacial lake outburst flood in Birendra Lake, Nepal Himalaya. <em>Nat Hazards</em> (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-07014-0</p>
Rapid glacier shrinkage and glacial lake expansion of a China-Nepal transboundary catchment in the Central Himalaya, between 1964 and 2020
<p>Glacial data set of Tama Koshi Basin (1964-2020), including glacier, glacial lake, and code.</p>
Fig. 1 in Ichthyofaunal Diversity Of A Ramsar Site In Kashmir Himalayas - Wular Lake
Fig. 1. Location of study sites in the Lake Wular.
Spatio-temporal analysis of glacial lakes from 1990 to 2018 in the Kashmir Himalaya, India using geospatial technology
<p>The glacial lakes were identified, delineated, and mapped to observe changes in spatial extent using multi-date/multi-sensor remote sensing data and adequately supplemented by field studies. Landsat imageries were used to delineate the spatial extent of glacial lakes for four time points i.e., 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. The total count of lakes as well as their spatial extent showed a discernible increase. The number has increased from 253 in 1990 to 322 in 2018 with a growth rate of 21.4 percent. The area has increased from 18.84 Km<sup>2 </sup>in 1990 to 22.11 Km<sup>2</sup> in 2018 with a growth rate of 14.7 percent. The newly formed glacial lakes including supra glacial lakes were greater in number than the lakes that have disappeared over the study period. All glacial lakes are situated at an elevation of 2700 m asl and 4500 m asl. More than 78 percent of lake expansion in the study region consists largely due to growth of existing glacial lakes. Through the area change analysis, our findings reveal that certain lakes show rapid expansion needing immediate monitoring and observation. In addition to climate variability, the presence of increasing quantities of light trapping particles could be possible causes for expanding of lakes in the Himalayas. Consequently, this study could play a significant role in devising a comprehensive risk assessment plan of potential GLOFs and develop a mechanism for continuous monitoring and management of lakes in the study region.</p>
Inventory of glacial lakes in the Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalayas, India
<p>data will be updated soon.....</p>
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