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17 results for “Historical trends”
Cross-site comparison of historical trends in marsh change at three LTER sites: GCE, VCR, and PIE.
The data provided here are shapefiles which were generated from digitizing historical maps and aerial photographs for a cross site comparison of changes in marshes at the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE), Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR), and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. This dataset includes shoreline shapefiles digitized for 3 time intervals at each site: 1930s/40s, 1950s/70s, and 2013 as well as a table of results from the shoreline change analysis. Centerlines for all the channels were generated from the shoreline shapefiles and are attributed with Strahler (1965) channel order and sinuosity. Additionally, this dataset includes shapefiles of important features (channels, upland, ponds, tidal flats) digitized for each of three sites at three time intervals.
Figure 1. All historical localities from the 19 in Floristic Status And Distribution Trends Of Rosa Rubiginosa L. In Latvia
Figure 1. All historical localities from the 19th century to the 1980s (white circle) of Rosa rubiginosa L. in Latvia and inventoried localities (2021–2023) (black circle), marked in grid cells. ©Māris Nitcis.
Fig. 2 in Bats of Sicily: historical evidence, current knowledge, research biases and trends
Fig. 2 - Documents in the primary and secondary datasets and the cumulative number of documents issued between 1810 and 2022. / Documenti nei dataset primario e secondario e numero cumulativo di documenti prodotti tra il 1810 e il 2022.
Fig. 5 in Bats of Sicily: historical evidence, current knowledge, research biases and trends
Fig. 5 - Distribution of the primary dataset, secondary dataset, and total documents according to research areas and used methods. / Distribuzione del dataset primario, del dataset secondario e del totale dei documenti in base alle aree di ricerca e ai metodi utilizzati.
Fig. 1 in Bats of Sicily: historical evidence, current knowledge, research biases and trends
Fig. 1 - Flow diagram showing the selection steps of eligible documents obtained from primary and secondary datasets. / Diagramma di flusso che mostra le fasi di selezione dei documenti eligibili ottenuti dai dataset primario e secondario.
Fig. 4 in Bats of Sicily: historical evidence, current knowledge, research biases and trends
Fig. 4 - (A) Bar plot showing the distribution of studies across different habitats (caves, forest, urban area, riparian areas). (B) Species conservation status across Sicilian bat families classified according to the IUCN categories: Least Concern (LC), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), and Data Deficient (DD). / (A) Grafico a barre che mostra la distribuzione degli studi nei diversi habitat (grotte, foreste, aree urbane, aree ripariali). (B) Stato di conservazione delle specie delle famiglie di pipistrelli siciliani classificate secondo le categorie IUCN: Minima preoccupazione (LC), Vulnerabile (VU), Quasi minacciata (NT) e Carenza di dati (DD).
Fig. 3 in Bats of Sicily: historical evidence, current knowledge, research biases and trends
Fig. 3 - Variation of Bat Research Efficiency scores (BRE) in the nine Sicilian provinces. The colour gradient (darker to lighter) indicates a higher to lower BRE. / Variazione dei punteggi di efficienza della ricerca sui pipistrelli (BRE) nelle nove province siciliane. Il gradiente di colore (da più scuro a più chiaro) indica un BRE da più alto a più basso.
Data from article "Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article)"
<p>Data from the article Zanchettin D., et al.: Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1–35, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1-2021</p> <p>The dataset contains:</p> <p>- Historical tide gauge data for Venice (relative sea level, or RSL, and RSL corrected for vertical land movement) for the winter (JFM) and autumn (OND) seasons.</p> <p>- sea-level projections for Venice for the RCP2.6, the RCP8.5 and a high-end scenario.</p>
Time series of annual TAS 40-year trend from historical to future in CMIP5 model simulations
<p>Time series of 40-year linear trend for the annual near surface air temperature (tas) for the period 1979-2100 as simulated by the CMIP5 models on a 2 x 2 deg grid. The data for the period 1979-2005 are taken from the CMIP5 historical simulations, while data for 2006-2100 are from the CMIP5 future scenario rcp2.6, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5, respectively. The 40 year trend of 1979-2018 from the ERA-Interim reanalysis is also provided in a separate file. </p> <p>Each file contains the time series of the 40-year linear trend for tas at each grid point from historical to one of the three scenarios simulated by one model. The linear trend is calculated using cdo, and the year associated with each data point in a file corresponding to the last year in the 40-year time period, e.g, the associated year 2018 corresponds to the linear trend calculated for the period 1979-2018. Unit: C/year.</p>
Time series of Area mean TAS 40-year trend from historical to future in CMIP5 model simulations
<p>Time series of 40-year linear trend for the Arctic (ARC) and the Eastern Arctic (eARC) mean annual near surface air temperature (tas) for the period 1979-2100 as simulated by the CMIP5 models. The data for the period 1979-2005 are taken from the CMIP5 historical simulations, while data for 2006-2100 are from the future scenario rcp2.6, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5, respectively. The 40 year trend of 1979-2018 from the ERA-Interim reanalysis is also provided in separate files. The Arctic is defined as the area north of 70 N, and the eastern Arctic is defined as 0 - 180 E and north of 70 N. Each file contains the time series of the 40-year linear trend for the respective area mean tas from historical to one of the three scenarios simulated by one model. The linear trend is calculated using cdo, and the year associated with each data point in a file corresponding to the last year in the 40-year time period, e.g, the associated year 2018 corresponds to the linear trend calculated for the period 1979-2018. Unit: C/year.</p>
Data from: Phylogeny, macroevolutionary trends and historical biogeography of sloths: insights from a Bayesian morphological clock analysis
Sloths, like other xenarthrans, are an extremely interesting group of mammals that, after a long history of evolution and diversification in South America, became established on islands in the Caribbean and later reached North America during the Great American Biotic Interchange. In all three regions they were part of the impressive Pleistocene megafauna. Most taxa became extinct and only two small, distantly related tree-dwelling genera survived. Here we incorporate several recently described genera of sloths into an assembled morphological data supermatrix and apply Bayesian inference, using phylogenetic and morphological clock methods, to 64 sloth genera. Thus, we investigate the evolution of the group in terms of the timing of divergence of different lineages and their diversity, morphological disparity and biogeographical history. The phylogeny obtained supports the existence of the commonly recognized clades for the group. Our results provide divergence time estimates for the major clades within Folivora that could not be dated with molecular methods. Lineage diversity shows an early increase, reaching a peak in the Early Miocene followed by a major drop at the end of the Santacrucian (Early Miocene). A second peak in the Late Miocene was also followed by a major drop at the end of the Huayquerian (Late Miocene). Both events show differential impact at the family level. After that, a slight Plio-Pleistocene decline was observed before the marked drop with the extinction at the end of the Pleistocene. Phenotypic evolutionary rates were high during the early history of the clade, mainly associated with Mylodontidae, but rapidly decreased to lower values around 25 Ma, whereas Megalonychidae have lower values at the beginning followed by a steady increase, peaking during the Late Miocene and the Pliocene. Morphological disparity showed a similar trend, with an early increase, followed by a slowly increasing phase through the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene, and ending with another increase beginning at the middle of the Miocene. Biogeographic analysis showed southern South America as the most probable area of origin of the clade and the main region in which the early diversification events took place. Both Megatheriinae and Nothrotheriinae basal nodes were strongly correlated with Andean uplift events, whereas the early history of Mylodontidae is closely associated with southern South America and also shows an early occupation of the northern regions. Within Megalonychidae, our results show Choloepus as a descendant of an island dispersing ancestor and a probable re-ingression to South America by a clade that originated in Central or North America.
Historical data of flash flood and trend analysis information for Uttarakhand, India
<p>Historical data is always useful in interpreting any hazard-affected location. In this article historical data were gathered from various literature reviews, journals, newspapers, reports, and other sources to generate a flash flood map for Uttarakhand state, India. Between 1970 and 2020, a total of 122 sites were identified as being at risk of flash flooding. Moreover, several studies on rainfall trends at various scales have concluded that global warming is increasing extreme precipitation as well as extreme weather-related occurrences and risks. Therefore, high spatial resolution (0.25*0.25 degree) daily gridded rainfall data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) was utilized to analyse the change in percentage from 1970 to 2020 for annual, pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons.</p>
Historical trends in the nitrogen requirement of corn over 45 years in Ohio
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Data from: Is America dematerializing? Trends and tradeoffs in historic demand for one hundred commodities in the United States
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Data from: Phylogeny, macroevolutionary trends and historical biogeography of sloths: insights from a Bayesian morphological clock analysis
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Historic and recent trends of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and environmental conditions in Clear Lake, California: a 70-year perspective
<p><span>Clear Lake is the largest, natural lake in northern California, USA with many beneficial uses but also substantive environmental issues. The lake has a long history of water quality problems including mercury contamination, pesticide usage, invasive species, and high rates of primary production. In recent years, an increase in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) have been documented in the lake, adding to the environmental issues faced by aquatic species present in the lake, and the local community. Extensive observations of various physical, chemical, and biological parameters in Clear Lake began in the mid-1900s. The most pertinent of these datasets and findings have been reviewed and analyzed with the intent of improving our understanding of the causes and drivers of cyanoHABs, toxin production, and identifying data gaps. The findings are published in Smith et al. (2023) at DOI: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00115"><span>https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00115</span></a><span> </span><span>Funding for this work, including data acquisition, database assembly and manuscript preparation was provided by the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians Environmental Protection Agency and the Elem Indian Colony Environmental Protection Agency.</span></p> <p><span>The dataset assembled as a part of Smith et al. (2023) is posted here. It is the master database of 50 lake and climatological parameters (~217,000 individual data points) from the period of 1920 to mid-2020 of environmental parameters within and surrounding the lake. This database and analysis builds upon the efforts of the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians Environmental Protection Agency to identify the Clear Lake monitoring entities and assemble the available water quality data. More information about this effort, as well as data visualizations can be found here: </span><a href="https://www.bvrancheria.com/water-quality-dashboard"><span>https://www.bvrancheria.com/water-quality-dashboard</span></a><span> </span></p> <p><span>In 2014, two Tribal Nations, the Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians, and the Elem Indian Colony, developed the Clear Lake Cyanobacteria Monitoring Program (</span><a href="https://www.bvrancheria.com/clearlakecyanotoxins"><span>https://www.bvrancheria.com/clearlakecyanotoxins</span></a><span>) which includes water quality parameters along with cyanobacterial-specific parameters such as cyanotoxins, phycocyanin, and cyanobacterial genera identifications via microscopy. The vast majority of available cyanotoxin data, which are presented in this database, resulted from these efforts.</span></p> <p><span>Basic climatological and hydrologic data have been collected near and around Clear Lake as early as the 1910s by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Multiple agencies have conducted both routine and intermittent monitoring of chemical and physical parameters on Clear Lake since the 1950s, although routine and consistent collection of biological monitoring data began more recently within the last two decades. The California Department of Water Resources, the California State Water Resource Control Board, and Lake County Vector Control District have monitored several water quality parameters beginning in the 1950s. </span></p>
Data from: Quantifying historical trends in the completeness of the fossil record and the contributing factors: an example using Aves
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