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47 results for “Hitchhiking”
Fig. 1 in Alien hitchhiker insect species detected from the international vessels entering into Korea in 2021
Fig. 1. Body photos on detected individuals of the alien hitchhiking insect species from the international vessels. A. Chondracris rosea (Acrididae, Orthoptera); B. Mecopoda elongata (Tettigoniidae, ditto); C. Epidaus famulus (Reduviidae, Hemiptera); D. Poecilocoris druraei (Scutelleridae, ditto); E, F. Neochauliodes meridionalis (Corydalidae, Megaloptera); G. Calathus fuscipes (Carabidae, Coleoptera); H. Odontolabis cuvera (Lucanidae, ditto); I. Eriopis chilensis (Coccinellidae, ditto); J. Sagra femorata (Chrysomelidae, ditto); K. Anoplophora horsfieldii (Cerambycidae, ditto); L. Cryptocheilus australis (Pompilidae, Hymenoptera); M. Atta colombica (Formicidae, ditto); N. Eucera nigrescens (Apidae, ditto); O. Palpita quadristigmalis (Crambidae, Lepidoptera).
Fig. 2 in Alien hitchhiker insect species detected from the international vessels entering into Korea in 2021
Fig. 2. Body photos on detected individuals of the alien hitchhiking insect species from the international vessels. A. Arippara disticha (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera); B, C. Blenina donans (Nolidae, ditto); D. Gadirtha fusca (Nolidae, ditto); E. Chloroclystis pyrrholopha (Geomet- ridae, ditto); F. Achaea serva (Erebidae, ditto); G. Anomis combinans (Erebidae, ditto); H. Eudocima procus (Erebidae, ditto); I. Laspeyria subrosea (Erebidae, ditto); J. Mimophisma delunaris (Erebidae, ditto); K, L. Euhampsonia serratifera (Notodontidae, ditto); M. Dendrolimus punctatus (Lasiocampidae, ditto); N. Clanis stenosema (Sphingidae, ditto).
Cultural hitchhiking chapter (data and code)
<p>Dataset and code to reproduce figures of the book chapter: <strong>Cultural hitchhiking in the context of the first agricultural groups of South-western Europe: a simulation study</strong>.</p> <p> </p>
The Hitchhiker's Guide to scRNA-seq course
<p>This repository comprises the intermediate results, data, and the respective script to create it, to be use on the second day of the course <a href="https://www.medicina.ulisboa.pt/en/hitchhikers-guide-scrna-seq" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Hitchhiker's Guide to scRNA-seq</a> (08-12/07/2024, iMM, Lisbon, Portugal), focused on integration. </p> <p>File description: </p> <ul> <li>data: <ul> <li><strong>pbmcref.rds</strong>: a Seurat R object of a reference of PBMCs retrieved from the R package SeuratData (v.0.2.2.9001)</li> <li><strong>pbmc3k_panc8.rds</strong>: a Seurat R object of two data sets - 3k human PBMCs from 10X Genomics and pancreatic islets from indrop1 - retrieved from SeuratData package (v.0.2.2.9001) </li> <li><strong>jurkat.rds</strong>: a Seurat R object comprising three data sets - Jurkat, HEK293T and Jurkat:HEK293T (50:50) - retrieved from 10X genomics and published by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14049" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zheng et al., 2017</a></li> <li><strong>ifnb.rds</strong>: a Seurat R object of two human PBMCs data sets - resting/control and interferon-stimulated - retrieved from the R package SeuratData (v.0.2.2.9001)</li> <li><strong>covid.rds</strong>: a Seurat R object of a COVID-19 PBMCs data set from <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17834-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guo et al., 2020</a> retrieved from <a href="https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/e/ae5341b8-60fb-4fac-86db-86e49ee66287.cxg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cziscience</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>01_create_datasets.R</strong>: R script used to retrieve and parse all the Seurat R objects mentioned above</li> <li><strong>results.zip</strong>: compressed folder with intermediate results used for the hands-on exercises</li> </ul>
Data from: Aquatic hitchhikers: examining the phoretic associations between blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) and mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Tricorythidae) larvae in Kenyan river ecosystems
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Impact of marine hitchhiker load on host energy intake
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Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms
<p>Hitchhikers (phoretic organisms) identify their vehicles using species-specific visual, chemical and vibrational cues. However, what factors influence their choice between vehicles of the same species has rarely been investigated.</p> <p>Hitchhikers must not only avoid overcrowded vehicles but may also need to travel with conspecifics to ensure mates at their destination. Hence, a trade-off between overcrowding and presence of conspecifics likely determines choice of a vehicle especially when destination sites are distant, ephemeral and unique.</p> <p>Here, we investigate whether a trade-off between the presence of conspecifics vs overcrowding by conspecifics or heterospecifics on a vehicle affects hitchhiker choice. We also investigate the sensory modality responsible for this choice. We experimentally examine these questions using a phoretic nematode community (containing plant- and animal-parasitic taxa) obligately associated with a brood-site pollination mutualism. In this model system nematodes co-travel with conspecifics and heterospecifics on pollinators as vehicles, between ephemeral plant brood-sites to complete their developmental life cycle. In this system, hitchhiker overcrowding has proven negative impacts on vehicle and plant fitness. We expected nematodes to respond to conspecifics and heterospecific density on offered vehicles when making their choice.</p> <p>We found that animal-parasitic nematodes preferred vehicles containing some conspecifics within a certain density range. However, plant-parasitic nematodes preferentially boarded vehicles that were devoid of conspecifics or had few conspecifics. Plant parasites that preferred empty vehicles likely hitchhiked in pairs. Both nematode types employed volatile cues to discriminate between vehicles with different conspecific nematode densities. Our results suggest that vehicle overcrowding by conspecifics, most likely, guaranteed access to mates at the destination determined hitchhiker choice. Surprisingly, and contrary to our expectations, plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes did not respond to heterospecific crowding on vehicles and did not discriminate between vehicles with different heterospecific nematode densities. The reason for this lack of response to heterospecific presence is unknown.</p> <p>This study not only shows that phoretic organisms use different strategies while choosing a vehicle but also confirms that density-dependent effects can ensure the stability and persistence of phoretic interactions in a mutualism by balancing overcrowding against reproductive assurance.</p>
Data from: The hitchhiker's guide to Europe: the infection dynamics of an ongoing Wolbachia invasion and mitochondrial selective sweep in Rhagoletis cerasi
Wolbachia is a maternally inherited and ubiquitous endosymbiont of insects. It can hijack host reproduction by manipulations such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) to enhance vertical transmission. Horizontal transmission of Wolbachia can also result in the colonization of new mitochondrial lineages. In this study, we present a 15-year-long survey of Wolbachia in the cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi across Europe and the spatiotemporal distribution of two prevalent strains, wCer1 and wCer2, and associated mitochondrial haplotypes in Germany. Across most of Europe, populations consisted of either 100% singly (wCer1) infected individuals with haplotype HT1, or 100% doubly (wCer1&2) infected individuals with haplotype HT2, differentiated only by a single nucleotide polymorphism. In central Germany, singly infected populations were surrounded by transitional populations, consisting of both singly and doubly infected individuals, sandwiched between populations fixed for wCer1&2. Populations with fixed infection status showed perfect association of infection and mitochondria, suggesting a recent CI-driven selective sweep of wCer2 linked with HT2. Spatial analysis revealed a range expansion for wCer2 and a large transition zone in which wCer2 splashes appeared to coalesce into doubly infected populations. Unexpectedly, the transition zone contained a large proportion (22%) of wCer1&2 individuals with HT1, suggesting frequent intraspecific horizontal transmission. However, this horizontal transmission did not break the strict association between infection types and haplotypes in populations outside the transition zone, suggesting that this horizontally acquired Wolbachia infection may be transient. Our study provides new insights into the rarely studied Wolbachia invasion dynamics in field populations.
Data from: Density-dependent fitness effects stabilize parasitic hitchhiking within a mutualism
1. Mutualisms are often subject to perturbations by parasitism arising from third-party interactions. How third-party perturbations are dampened is a fundamental question pertaining to mutualism stability. Phoretic organisms that turn parasitic within a mutualism may destabilise it. If the fitness cost of such phoresy is high, then density-dependent effects could be one mechanism to stabilize these interactions. 2. We experimentally examined the fitness effects of a phoretic nematode community on a brood-site pollination mutualism involving a pollinating fig wasp (the vehicle) and its associated fig species (the host for wasp and nematode development). 3. We comprehensively investigated fitness impacts of phoresy on wasp lifespan, lifetime reproductive success, dispersal ability and predation risk as well as on host brood-site volume and seed number. We employed a range of hitchhiker densities that encompassed natural and overloading levels for two nematode taxa (one plant- and one animal-parasitic type). 4. None of the plant host and vehicle fitness parameters were affected by wasps with low nematode transportation loads for either type of nematode. Furthermore, wasps arriving at their destinations carried lower densities of both animal- and plant-parasitic nematodes compared to dispersing wasps suggesting that there is selection on hitchhiker numbers during the dispersal process, and that wasps loaded with a greater density of nematodes do not successfully disperse. Overloaded wasps had shorter flight durations, suggesting limited dispersal ability; on arrival at their destination they suffered greater predation risk. Such overloaded wasps delivered impaired pollination services and produced fewer offspring resulting in lower lifetime fitness. Therefore, the direct and indirect effects of nematodes on their vehicles are strong. These effects also translated into impacts on host plant fitness, with the overloaded pollinators promoting the development of smaller brood-sites with fewer seeds, thus reducing fig tree reproductive success. The effects of the animal parasites were greater than that of the plant parasite in this study. 5. The third-party interaction is therefore self-limited and exhibits density dependence. The strong negative effects of overloading likely explain the low number of nematodes found in nature on dispersing and arriving fig wasps. Consequently, parasitic hitchhikers do not destabilise the mutualism.
Dataset for Article: "Hitchhiking Mosquitoes: Direct Evidence of Adult Aedes albopictus Dispersal by Car"
<p>This is the dataset used for the analysis in the article Hitchhiking Mosquitoes: Direct Evidence of Adult Aedes albopictus Dispersal by Car, by Roger Eritja, John R.B. Palmer, David Roiz, Isis Sanpera-Calbet, and Frederic Bartumeus. </p>
Data from: Experimental evidence supports the ability of spotted lanternfly to hitchhike on vehicle exteriors as a mechanism for anthropogenic dispersal
<p>This data is a companion to this paper: </p> <p>Johanna E Elsensohn, Scott Wolford, Amy Tabb, Tracy Leskey, “Experimental evidence supports the ability of spotted lanternfly to hitchhike on vehicle exteriors as a mechanism for anthropogenic dispersal,” 2024, Royal Society Open Science 11:240493. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240493">doi:10.1098/rsos.240493</a>. </p> <p><br><strong>Manually-measured data</strong></p> <p>Experiments are detailed in the paper and data is contained in the table in this data release. Details of the data are available in the paper; we also summarize and define acronyms contained in the table here.</p> <p>Stage: insect life cycle stage. Values are 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> instars, early adult, and late adult.</p> <p>Location: location on the vehicle where the insect was placed for the experiment. Values, and their USA equivalents:</p> <p>- bonnet = hood.</p> <p>- nose wing = side panel.</p> <p>- scuttle panel = cowl panel.</p> <p>- wiper blade = wiper.</p> <p>- windscreen = windshield.</p> <p>Acclim.: means that the insect was allowed an acclimation period. 1 = yes there was an acclimation period, 0 = no there was not an acclimation period.</p> <p>Max RPM reached (0/1) : the insect remained attached to the vehicle at the maximum revolutions per minute (RPM) of the blower fan, 1850 RPM, equivalent to wind speed output was 100 ± 5 km/h 60cm from the housing exhaust. </p> <p>Max RPM reached: the maximum revolutions per minute (RPM) of the blower fan at which time the insect was detached from the vehicle.</p> <p>Windspeed (ft/min): conversion of insect detachment RPM (column 7) to feet/minute.</p> <p>Windspeed (KPH): conversion of insect detachment RPM (column 7) to windspeed in kilometers/hour.</p> <p>Body size: values are null (.), small (s), and (large). The body size is only assessed for the adult life stages; all instar stages have null. The adult is considered ‘small’ if the lateral yellow area on the insect’s underside was concave or flat and less than 2 mm wide. The insect was labelled ‘large’ if the lateral yellow area was ≥ 2 mm wide and convex.</p> <p>Sex (m/f): sex (male, female) was determined for the adult stages only. All of the instar stages have the value null (.).</p>
Data from: Seeking signatures of reinforcement at the genetic level: a hitchhiking mapping and candidate gene approach in the house mouse
Reinforcement is the process by which prezygotic isolation is strengthened as a response to selection against hybridization. Most empirical support for reinforcement comes from the observation of its possible phenotypic signature: an accentuated degree of prezygotic isolation in the hybrid zone as compared to allopatry. Here, we implemented a novel approach to this question by seeking for the signature of reinforcement at the genetic level. In the house mouse, selection against hybrids and enhanced olfactory-based assortative mate preferences are observed in a hybrid zone between the two European subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, suggesting a possible recent reinforcement event. To test for the genetic signature of reinforcing selection and identify genes involved in sexual isolation, we adopted a hitchhiking mapping approach targeting genomic regions containing candidate genes for assortative mating in mice. We densely scanned these genomic regions in hybrid zone and allopatric samples using a large number of fast evolving microsatellite loci that allow the detection of recent selection events. We found a handful of loci showing the expected pattern of significant reduction in variability in populations close to the hybrid zone, showing assortative odour preference in mate choice experiments as compared to populations further away and displaying no such preference. These loci lie close to genes that we pinpoint as testable candidates for further investigation.
Figure 3 in Hitchhiking with the Vikings? The anthropogenic bumblebee fauna of Iceland - past and present
Figure 3. New queens of Bombus hortorum foraging for nectar and pollen on Aconitum sp., Botanic Gardens, Reykjavik, 30 July 2015. Note mites near the wing bases (centre), and the long tongue (right). (Photos: Oliver Prŷs-Jones.)
Figure 2 in Hitchhiking with the Vikings? The anthropogenic bumblebee fauna of Iceland - past and present
Figure 2. Bombus jonellus nests. The white arrow indicates the unopened nest ball of Nest 1 (made up of dead plant material surrounding the nesting cavity). Further details for each of these nests are given in Table 1. (Photos: Oliver Prŷs-Jones.)
Data from: Seeking signatures of reinforcement at the genetic level: a hitchhiking mapping and candidate gene approach in the house mouse
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Data from: Density-dependent fitness effects stabilize parasitic hitchhiking within a mutualism
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Data from: The hitchhiker's guide to Europe: the infection dynamics of an ongoing Wolbachia invasion and mitochondrial selective sweep in Rhagoletis cerasi
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Data from: Genetic hitchhiking and resistance evolution to transgenic Bt toxins: insights from the African stalk borer Busseola fusca (Noctuidae)
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Data from: The story of a hitchhiker: population genetic patterns in the invasive barnacle Balanus (Amphibalanus) improvisus Darwin 1854
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Hopping on: Conspecific traveller density within a vehicle regulates parasitic hitchhiking between ephemeral microcosms
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