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2 results for “Holdridge Life zones”
Holdridge Life Zones Classification in New Caledonia Habitats
<h1>Description</h1> <p>This dataset aims to represent, in geographic space, the distribution of life zones as first defined by Holdridge in 1947 and updated in 1967. Life zones are delineated through three parameters:</p> <ul> <li>Mean Annual Biotemperature (°C): This axis represents the average annual temperature, considering only temperatures above 0°C, as it influences biological activity. It determines the thermal regime of the environment.</li> <li>Annual Precipitation (mm): This axis measures the total annual precipitation, indicating moisture availability. It is crucial for determining the hydric regime and supporting different types of vegetation and ecosystems.</li> <li>Potential Evapotranspiration Ratio (PET): This axis is the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to annual precipitation. It reflects the balance between water demand and supply, indicating aridity or humidity levels and influencing vegetation types and ecosystem dynamics.</li> </ul> <p>We used a combination of WorldClim datasets (Biotemperature and potential evapotranspiration) and Météo-France Aurelhy datasets (Annual Precipitation) specifically designed for New Caledonia to produce the raster with a 1 km² resolution.</p> <h1>Content</h1> <p>This dataset was produced, analyzed, and verified using a combination of open-source software, including QGIS, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, Python, R and the GDAL library, all running on Linux.</p> <ul> <li>amap_raster_holdridge_nc.tif is a GeoTIFF, utilizing the WGS84 international coordinate system, and consists of a single band with three major classes coded as <ul> <li>Dry life zone (rast = 1)</li> <li>Moist life zone (rast = 2)</li> <li>Rain life zone (rast = 3)</li> </ul> </li> <li>holdridge_3classes_NC.png is an image illustrating the valid domain of life zones in New Caledonia and the classification used in the dataset.</li> </ul> <h1>Limitations</h1> <p>Strictly, the classification leads to five distinct classes (very dry, dry, moist, wet, and rain), but as the two extreme classes cover less than 0.5% of New Caledonia, we merged very dry and dry into the "dry" class, as well as wet and rain into the "rain" class as illustrated in the Figure <a href="../api/records/12731521/draft/files/holdridge_3classes_NC.png/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">holdridge_3classes_NC.png</a>.</p>
TreeGOER Holdridge Life Zone Distributions: Observations for 48,129 tree species across 45 historical (1901-1920) and contemporary (1979-2013) terrestrial life zones
<p><strong>TreeGOER (Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges)</strong> is a database that documents the environmental ranges (minimum, maximum, median, mean and 5%, 25%, 75% and 95% quantiles) for 48,129 tree species and for 51 environmental variables, including 38 bioclimatic variables, 8 soil variables and 3 topographic variables. TreeGOER is available from the following Zenodo archives: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927.</a></p> <p>The TreeGOER ranges were calculated after cleaning occurrence records and standardizing species names with the <a href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aps3.11388">WorldFlora</a> R package to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tax.12373">World Flora Online</a> or the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00997-6">World Checklist of Vascular Plants</a> for a global GBIF occurrence download of 44,267,164 occurrences (GBIF.org 2021 <strong>GBIF Occurrence Download</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq</a>). The process of compilation of TreeGOER with 30 arc-seconds global grid layers, two examples of BIOCLIM applications that investigated the effects of climate change on global tree diversity patterns and R scripts to repeat these analyses have been described by Kindt, R. (2023). <strong>TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species</strong>. Global Change Biology 29: 6303–6318. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914</a>.</p> <p>This Zenodo archive documents the occurrence of the same previously compiled and cleaned observations for the TreeGOER across global raster layers that document the contemporary (1979-1920) and historical (1901-1920) distribution of 45 <strong>Terrestrial Life Zones</strong>. These global raster layers were created for the following article:</p> <ul> <li>Elsen, P. R., Saxon, E. C., Simmons, B. A., Ward, M., Williams, B. A., Grantham, H. S., Kark, S., Levin, N., Perez-Hammerle, K.-V., Reside, A. E., & Watson, J. E. M. (2022). Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change. <em>Global Change Biology</em>, 28, 918–935. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962</a></li> </ul> <p>and are <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnff">available for download from DRYAD</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Elsen, Paul R.; Saxon, Earl C.; Simmons, B. Alexander; Ward, Michelle; Williams, Brooke A.; Grantham, Hedley S.; Kark, Salit; Levin, Noam; Perez-Hammerle, Katharina-Victoria; Reside, April E.; Watson, James E. M.; Perez‐Hammerle, Katharina‐Victoria. 2021. Data from: Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change.<strong> </strong>Nov 05 2021 version files. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnff">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnff</a></li> </ul> <p>The raster layers were processed using <em>R</em> and <em>Google Earth Engine</em> following the methodology described in Elsen et al (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962">2022</a>). Documentation of the different zones are partially available from this README file: <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145694">https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145694</a></p> <p>For each of the 48,129 tree species, the distribution is given for:</p> <ul> <li>Contemporary climate: number of observations in life zones mapped by <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145680">https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145680</a></li> <li>Historical climate: number of observations in life zones mapped by <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145681">https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145681</a></li> <li>Mixed climate: number of observations for contemporary life zones if GBIF observations were from 1979 or later, and number of observations for historical life zones if GBIF observations were from before 1979</li> <li>Static climate: number of observations in the same zone in the contemporary and historical climate. The number of observations in areas where the life zone changed are listed in the variable of 'H-0'.</li> </ul> <p>Observations outside the life zone maps are listed in the variable of 'H-1'.</p> <p> </p> <p>The development of this data set archive supported by the <strong>Darwin Initiative</strong> to project DAREX001 of <em>Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration</em>, by <strong>Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia</strong> to the <em>Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio</em> project in Ethiopia, by the <strong>Green Climate Fund</strong> through the IUCN-led <em>Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation</em> and through the <em>Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso</em> projects, by the <strong>Bezos Earth Fund</strong> to the <em>Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda</em> project and by the <strong>German International Climate Initiative (IKI)</strong> to the regional tree seed programme on <em>The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa</em>.</p>
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