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9 results for “Hoplitomerycidae”
TABLE 2 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
<p><b>TABLE 2.</b> Dental measurements (L=length, W=width; in mm) of the mandibular (above) and maxillar fragments (below) from Scontrone, mandibular premolar/molar ratio and body mass estimation (BM in kg) based on lower molar row length after Damuth (1990) for selenodont browsers. * alveolar measurements. The specimens are sorted according to increasing size. Dental measurements from Mazza & Rustioni (2011, 1999, 1996).</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Mandible fragments</th><th>species</th><th>Lp2–m3</th><th>Lm1–m3</th><th>Lm1 / Wm1 Lm2 / Wm2</th><th>Lm3 / Wm3</th><th>p/m ratio</th><th>BM</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SCT88</th><td><i>S. apulicus</i></td><td>53.9</td><td>35</td><td>10.2 / 7 11.6 / 7.7</td><td>14.7 / 7.8</td><td>0.54*</td><td>18.2</td></tr><tr><th>SCT77</th><td><i>S. minutus</i></td><td>-</td><td>36.7</td><td>10.3 / 7 11.8 / 8</td><td>16.1 / 8</td><td>-</td><td>21.3</td></tr><tr><th>SCT76</th><td><i>S. apulicus</i></td><td>-</td><td>36.9</td><td>10.6 / - 11.3 / -</td><td>14.3 / -</td><td>-</td><td>21.7</td></tr><tr><th>SCT177</th><td><i>S. falcidens</i></td><td>56.8</td><td>38.4</td><td>10.1 / 8.2 8.3 / 7*</td><td>13.8 / 6.1*</td><td>0.48</td><td>24.8</td></tr><tr><th>SCT60</th><td><i>S. minutus</i></td><td>-</td><td>38.9</td><td>10.4 / 6.8 11.7 / 7.6</td><td>16.3 / 7.8</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT155</th><td><i>S. minutus</i></td><td>58</td><td>39</td><td>10.2 / 6.4 11.9 / 8.2</td><td>17.2 / 8.6</td><td>0.48</td><td>26.2</td></tr><tr><th>SCT72</th><td><i>S. mazzai</i></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>- -</td><td>17.6 / 9.3</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT50</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>40.3</td><td>10.2 / - 12.5 / 7.7</td><td>18.1 / 7.8</td><td>-</td><td>29.2</td></tr><tr><th>SCT51</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>10.9 / 8? -</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT16</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>41.5</td><td>11.5 / - 12 / -</td><td>18 / -</td><td>-</td><td>32.3</td></tr><tr><th>SCT81</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>41.9</td><td>11.7 / 9.7 12.3 / 10.1</td><td>18.7 / 9.6</td><td>-</td><td>33.3</td></tr><tr><th>SCT102</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>42.7</td><td>10.5 / 7.6 12.7 / 8.8</td><td>19.5 / 7.9</td><td>-</td><td>35.6</td></tr><tr><th>SCT29</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>43.4</td><td>10.8 / 7.2 13.1 / 7.5</td><td>19 / 7.5</td><td>-</td><td>37.6</td></tr><tr><th>SCT71</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>- -</td><td>19.6 / 8</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>SCT58+SC T67</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>- 14.0 / 7.9</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>SCT89</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>12.2 / 7.1 14.1 / 7.3</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>SCT20</th><td><i>S. magnus</i></td><td>-</td><td>47.8</td><td>15 / 9.6 15.5 / 9.7</td><td>20 / 10.1</td><td>-</td><td>52.1</td></tr><tr><th>SCT80</th><td><i>S. mazzai</i></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>- -</td><td>20.1</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Maxilla fragments</th><td></td><td>LM1 / WM1</td><td>LM2 / WM2</td><td>LM3 / WM3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT70</th><td><i>S. falcidens</i></td><td>-</td><td>9.3 / 11.5</td><td>11.2 / 10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT59</th><td><i>S. apruthiensis</i></td><td>10.3 / 11.9</td><td>13 / 12</td><td>15.8 / -</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT86</th><td><i>S. magnus</i></td><td>15.2 / 16.5</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>SCT18</th><td><i>S. magnus</i></td><td>16.1 / -</td><td>13.3 / -</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE 6 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 6. Postcranial elements of Hoplitomeryx. A, left tibia (RGM 335.882+425.328; San Giovannino): medial view; B, right tibia (RGM 425.144; Chiro D1): anterior view. Astragals of different size in anterior (dorsal) view: C, left astragal (RGM 425.385; Falcone 2B); D, left astragal (RGM 260.863; San Giovannino); E, right astragal (RGM 425.421; Fina N). F, left astragal (RGM 263.951; Gargano, unknown fissure): lateral view; G, left calcaneum (RGM 260.901; San Giovannino): anterior view; H, same specimen: posterior view; I, same specimen: medial view; J,; K, detail of distal right metatarsal (RGM 178.518; San Giovannino) showing the proximal extension of the dorsal gully into the (fused) cubonavicular.
FIGURE 7 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 7. Holotypes of three new Hoplitomeryx species from Gargano, South Italy (Late Miocene; Middle or Late Turolian, MN12-13). A–E Hoplitomeryx devosi sp. n., left metacarpal RGM 178.517; F–I Hoplitomeryx macpheei sp. n., left metacarpal RGM 260.918; J–M Hoplitomeryx kriegsmani sp. n., left metacarpal RGM 178.516. A, F, J proximal view. B, G, K dorsal view. C, H, L palmar view. D, I, M medial view. E distal view. Note that the sideward and backward bending of RGM 178.516 is a post-mortem defect.
FIGURE 4 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 4. Postcranial elements of Hoplitomeryx. A, right distal humerus (RGM 178.487; Chiro 20E) showing conical aspect of the trochlea: anterior view; B, distal left humerus (RGM 425.409; Fina N) without a supracondylar foramen: posterior view; C, distal right humerus (RGM 178.483; Chiro 20A) with a small foramen: posterior view; D, right radius-ulna (RGM 260.916; San Giovannino) with high degree of synostotic fusion: lateral view; E, right radius-ulna (RGM 425.282; San Giovannino) with no fusion: medial view. Variations observed in the distal (left) radius: F, typical cervid pattern with the radial facet extending further than the intermedial facet; both facets are elongated (after Heintz 1970); G, both facets are tear-shaped and equally developed (after Zeder & Lapham 2010); H, the intermedial facet is much smaller than the radial facet and is almost round (after Heintz 1970). I, left metacarpal (RGM 425.350; Gervasio): anterior (dorsal) view; J, right metacarpal (RGM 425.351; Gervasio): posterior (palmar) view; K, right metacarpal (RGM 425.300; San Giovannino): anterior (dorsal) view; L, right metacarpal (RGM 425.300; San Giovannino): posterior (palmar) view. Schematic drawings of metacarpals showing the variation in morphology of the proximal articulation in proximal view: M, pattern seen in RGM 260.919 (San Giovannino), the typically cervid pattern; N, pattern seen in RGM 425.322 (San Giovannino); O, pattern seen in RGM 262.000 (Gargano, unknown fissure); P, pattern seen in RGM 425.350 (Gervasio).
FIGURE 5 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 5. Postcranial elements of Hoplitomeryx. A, first posterior phalanx (RGM 425.269; San Giovannino) showing a deerlike morphology: abaxial view; B, same specimen, showing triangular sesamoid facets but no ligament attachment areas: volar view; C, first anterior phalanx (RGM 178.503; San Giovannino): abaxial view; D, same specimen, showing pronounced ligament attachments in the form of ridges but no sesamoid facet: volar view; E, posterior second phalanx (RGM 261.251; San Giovannino): abaxial view; F, anterior second phalanx (RGM 260.937; San Giovannino): axial view; G, third phalanx (RGM 178.683; Trefossi 2A): abaxial view; H, third phalanx (RGM 260.877; San Giovannino): axial view; I, third phalanx (RGM 261.531; Nazario 4): abaxial view; J, third phalanx (RGM 425.386; Falcone 2B); K, right femur (RGM 425.314; San Giovannino): anterior view; L, left femur (RGM 425.207; Nazario 4): anterior view; M, right femur (RGM 425.245; San Giovannino): anterior view; N, left patella (RGM 425.246; San Giovannino): anterior (dorsal) view; O, same specimen: lateral view; P, same specimen, showing the hook-like extension at the medial side: inner view.
FIGURE 3. A in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 3. A double-logarithmic scatter of length and proximal transversal diameter (mm) of the metacarpal of several deer taxa shows that Hoplitomeryx shows an unusual large range for one species, also if we include the living red deer Cervus elaphus. H, Hoplitomeryx spp.; C, Candiacervus spp.; k, Karpathos deer; M, Megaloceros cazioti; A, Axis lydekkeri; D, Dama carburangelensis; e, living Cervus elaphus range from the smallest to the largest subspecies. The deer from Karpathos (k) is in the literature mentioned as Candiacervus but its morphology differs significantly from that of Candiacervus proper, which is confined to the boundaries of Crete. Axis lydekkeri (A) is a Pleistocene deer of Java. Megaloceros (=Praemegaceros) cazioti (M) is the terminal species of the lineage of Pleistocene deer of Sardinia. Dama carburangelensis (D) is a Late Pleistocene deer from Sicily. Data are personal measurements, except for Candiacervus (De Vos 1979) and the largest extant Cervus elaphus subspecies (Szaniawski 1966). The smallest extant subspecies of Cervus elaphus (e) is from Corsica, the largest from the Carpathians.
FIGURE 2 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 2. Scatter diagrams of linear measurements of the metacarpal, metatarsal, radius, first and second anterior phalanges, the femur, the tibia and the astragal from Gargano. The diagram for the metatarsal includes one juvenile specimen (the largest specimen); all other specimens are adult. Abbreviations: DAPp=antero-posterior diameter at proximal end, DTD=transverse diameter at distal end, F2=distance between top of greater trochanter to highest point of minor trochanter (after Scott 1985).
FIGURE 1 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
FIGURE 1. Schematic map of present-day southern Italy showing the areas of Gargano and Scontrone with fossiliferous sites. Inset gives an overview of Italy and the position of the referred region. 1=Poggio Imperiale, 2, San Nazario; 3, Apricena; 4, San Severo; 5, Foggia. The majority of fossiliferous fissure fillings is located between 1, 2 and 3. Foggia yielded no fossils but is the capital of the province Foggia. Bari is the capital of the region Apulia. Scontrone is a village in the region Abruzze, province L'Aquila. The Foggia Graben or Tavoliere delle Puglie (about sea-level) separates Gargano from the mountain ridges in the West and includes Foggia and San Severo.
TABLE 1 in Systematic revision of the family Hoplitomerycidae Leinders, 1984 (Artiodactyla: Cervoidea), with the description of a new genus and four new species
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Body mass estimations (BM, in kg) for four <i>Hoplitomeryx</i> size (length) classes inferred from postcranial elements and dental material, taken the averages of all individual elements. For equations, see Material and Methods, for details see Appendix I for postcranial material and Appendix II for dental material.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Postcranial material Range (average)</th><th>Number of elements</th><th>Dental material</th><th>Number of elements</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Size class 1</th><td>8.9–35.8 (21.0)</td><td>32</td><td>20.5–32.1 (26.1)</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th>Size class 2</th><td>25.2–67.5 (44.3)</td><td>19</td><td>34.8–59.8 (44.3)</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><th>Size class 3</th><td>62–89.8 (78.0)</td><td>9</td><td>70.1–74.4 (70.2)</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>Size class 4</th><td>85.3–113.4 (103.4)</td><td>7</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table>
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