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FIG. 10 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 10. — Pre-clitellar nephridia of Vignysa callasensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photo: D. F. Marchán.

FIG. 4 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 4. — Pre-clitellar nephridia of Flabellodrilus luberonensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. gen., n. sp. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photo: D. F. Marchán.

FIG. 3 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 3. — Flabellodrilus luberonensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. gen., n. sp.: A, external view of the anterior body; B, lateral view of the anterior body; C, dissection of the anterior body. Abbreviations: CL, clitellum, CR, crop, GM, genital marks, GZ, gizzard, IN, intestine, MP, male pore, NE, nephridia, SEP, septa, SP, permathecae, SV, seminal vesicles, TP, tubercula pubertatis. Photos: T. Decaëns. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 1. — Multilocus phylogenetic tree focused on Allolobophora-related Lumbricidae Rafinesque, 1815 genera (the full phylogenetic tree is shown in Appendix 1). The tree was obtained from Bayesian inference based on the concatenated sequences of the COI-16S-ND1-12S-28S molecular markers. Posterior probability values are shown beside nodes. White boxes show target genera while grey boxes indicate closely related genera (species labels shown in Appendix 1).

FIG. 9 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 9. — Vignysa callasensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp.: A, external view of the anterior body; B, lateral view of the anterior body; C, dissection of the anterior body; D, detail of the anterior body dissection showing the spermathecae. Abbreviations: CL, clitellum; GM, genital marks; GZ, gizzard; IN, intestine; MP, male pore; SEP, septa; SV, seminal vesicles; TP, tubercula pubertatis; TY, typhlosole. Scale bars: A-C, 5 mm, D, 1.5 mm. Photos: T. Decaëns.

FIG. 12 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 12. — Satellite pictures around type localities of Flabellodrilus luberonensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. gen., n. sp., Allolobophora delitescens Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. and Vignysa callasensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. in the 1950-1965 period (left) and in 2022 (right). 1950-1965: satellite pictures. Credits: Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN); Google 2022.

FIG. 2 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 2. — DNA barcode tree of the genus Vignysa Bouché, 1970. The tree was obtained from Bayesian inference based on the sequences of COI barcodes. Posterior probability values are shown above branches. Grey bars delimit individuals belonging to each species.

FIG. 11 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 11. — Living specimen of Vignysa callasensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. Photo: S. Gérard.

FIG. 7 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 7. — Pre-clitellar nephridia of Allolobophora delitescens Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photo: D. F. Marchán.

FIG. 6 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 6. — Allolobophora delitescens Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp.: A, external view of the anterior body; B, lateral view of the anterior body; C, dissection of the anterior body. Abbreviations: CL, clitellum, CR, crop, GM, genital marks, GZ, gizzard, IN, intestine, MP, male pore, SEP, septa, SV, seminal vesicles, TP, tubercula pubertatis, TY, typhlosole. Scale bars: 5 mm. Photos: T. Decaëns.

FIG. 5 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 5. — Distribution of newly described Lumbricidae species, Flabellodrilus luberonensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. gen., n. sp. and Allolobophora delitescens Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. (stars), and their closest relatives (circles) in Southern France. All species within the genus Flabellodrilus Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. gen. are represented. Credits: Google 2022.

APPENDIX 1 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

APPENDIX 1. — Full multilocus phylogenetic tree focused on Allolobophora-related Lumbricidae genera. The tree was obtained from Bayesian inference based on the concatenated sequences of the COI-16S-ND1-12S- 28S molecular markers. Posterior probability values are shown beside nodes.

FIG. 8 in Resampling Bouché's historical localities reveals three new species and helps identifying a new genus of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae) in Southeastern France

FIG. 8. — Distribution of Vignysa callasensis Gérard, Decaëns & Marchán, n. sp. (star) and its closest relatives (circles) in Southern France. All species of the genus Vignysa Bouché, 1970 are represented. Credits: Google 2022.

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Figure 1 in Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

Figure 1. An example of the variability in body size and number of lamellae in Hormogastridae: (A) Hormogaster castillana Qiu & Bouche, 1998 (21 lamellae); (B) Hormogaster pretiosa Michaelsen, 1889 from Segariu (13 lamellae); (C) Hormogaster joseantonioi Marchan et al., 2014 (nine lamellae); (D) Hormogaster redii Rosa, 1887 (seven lamellae); (E) Hormogaster elisae Alvarez, 1977 (five lamellae); (F) Ailoscolex lacteospumosus Bouche, 1969 (three lamellae). To the right the diagrams show how the typhlosole is located in the digestive tract, with different degrees of convolution shown.

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Figure 2 in Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

Figure 2. Ultrametric tree used as the phylogenetic input for the phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis. Number of typhlosole lamellae and average weight are shown as red and green bars for taxa with available information. The colour code for the branches show the main Hormogastridae clades (for details, see Appendix S4).

FIGURE 5 in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Boucheona (Oligochaeta Hormogastridae) in France with a newly described species and a redescribed species

FIGURE 5. Known localities of Boucheona corbierensis sp nov., Boucheona tenebrae sp nov. and their closest relatives. White dots indicate previously sampled and analyzed populations. Black dots indicate populations sampled and analyzed during this work. White squares indicate localities from Bouché (1972), which were putatively assigned to the different species due to geographic proximity.

FIGURE 4 in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Boucheona (Oligochaeta Hormogastridae) in France with a newly described species and a redescribed species

FIGURE 4. External morphology of Boucheona corbierensis sp nov. a) Live specimen. b) Detail of the cephalic region, fixed specimen. c) Cephalic and clitellar region of a fixed specimen. cl: clitellum; tp: tubercula pubertatis; gp: genital papillae. Scale bar: 3 centimeters.

FIGURE 3 in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Boucheona (Oligochaeta Hormogastridae) in France with a newly described species and a redescribed species

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of genital chaetae of four populations of French Boucheona. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Boucheona (Oligochaeta Hormogastridae) in France with a newly described species and a redescribed species

FIGURE 2. Detail of the ultrametric tree based on the molecular markers COI-16S-28S focused on the Catalan-French Boucheona clade. Mean heights (ages) are shown besides nodes, and 95% highest posterior density intervals are shown as blue bars. The grey bar indicates the approximate interval corresponding to the Messinian Salinity Crisis.

FIGURE 1 in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Boucheona (Oligochaeta Hormogastridae) in France with a newly described species and a redescribed species

FIGURE 1. Bayesian inference of the phylogenetic relationships between the known species of Boucheona based on the concatenated sequence of the molecular markers COI-16S-28S. The populations of focus in this work are shown in bold. Posterior probability values are shown above branches. Red branches indicate Spanish populations and blue branches indicate French populations.