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27 results for “Hornera”
FIG. 2 in The Mediterranean species of Hornera Lamouroux, 1821 (Bryozoa, Cyclostomata): reassessment of H. frondiculata (Lamarck, 1816) and description of H. mediterranea n. sp.
FIG. 2. — Hornera frondiculata (Lamarck, 1816), branching features of colonies: A, bushy colony on flat bottom with dense cover of seaweeds and invertebrates; B, bushy colony from coarse detrital sandy bottom; C, sub-planar colony on coralligenous vertical rocky wall; D, sub-planar colony from the same habitat; E-F, branchlets of second order with growth directed in order to split empty spaces between adjacent branches; G, UW close-up of a living colony showing expanded lophophores filling the space between adjacent branches. Origin: A, G, Croatia, Vis Is., 30 m, UW photos, 22.IX.2014; B, Marseille, Grand-Conglue Is., 48 m; C, Corsica, Palazzu Is., 35 m, UW photo, X.1975; D, same origin as C, colony sent to P. L. Cook, NHMUK in 1975; E, Greece, Corfou, Paleokastritsa, 40 m; F, Marseille, Riou Is., 70 m. Scale bars: B, D, 2 cm; E-F, 1 mm. Photos: Jean-Georges Harmelin.
FIG. 4 in The Mediterranean species of Hornera Lamouroux, 1821 (Bryozoa, Cyclostomata): reassessment of H. frondiculata (Lamarck, 1816) and description of H. mediterranea n. sp.
FIG. 4. — Hornera frondiculata (Lamarck, 1816), dorsal side: A, part of colony with 2 gonozooids; B, gonozooid lateral view showing the ooeciostome and the basal tube; C, frontal view of a gonozooid chamber under construction; D, gonozooid wall made of foliated crystallites and mural pore closed by radial spines; E, wall of dorsal side with ridges delimiting porous spindle-shaped areas. Origin: A-E, Marseille, Riou Is., 70 m, 3.VII.1971. Scale bars: A-B, 500 µm; C, 250 µm; D, 5 µm; E, 200 µm. Photos: Jean-Georges Harmelin.
Text-fig. 7. rigid erect bryozoans. A – colony perhaps belonging to Metrarabdotos and/or Smittina, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3321. B – erect rigid cyclostomatous bryozoans belonging perhaps to the genus Hornera, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3322. C – colony perhaps belonging to Myriapora, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3323. All photographs were taken under the optic microscope, all scale bars 1 mm. in The Priabonian Bryozoan-Decapod Association From The Borové Formation (The Ďurkovec Quarry, Ne Slovakia) And Its Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 7. rigid erect bryozoans. A – colony perhaps belonging to Metrarabdotos and/or Smittina, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3321. B – erect rigid cyclostomatous bryozoans belonging perhaps to the genus Hornera, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3322. C – colony perhaps belonging to Myriapora, deposited in NM Prague under number T 3323. All photographs were taken under the optic microscope, all scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE 16. A in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 16. A. Crystallite seeding zone in Hornera currieae n. sp.: a zone of newly seeded ~hexagonal crystallites runs from bottom left to top right of the image, overgrowing a region of distally imbricated semi-nacre. B–D. Gonozooid morphology in the fenestrate hornerid, Hornera foliacea MacGillivray (coll. 92 m depth, Otago continental shelf, New Zealand). B. SEM of a mature H. foliacea gonozooid on the abfrontal wall of frond (distal direction towards top-right); the multi-lobed gonozooidal chamber is partly surrounded by radiating kenozooidal ridges approaching from distal and lateral directions; ridges absent or poorly developed on proximal side. C. Enlarged view of gonozooid lobe and approaching ridges developed from the branch body wall; the ridges do not fully contact the gonozooid, and a few hypostegal pores are visible, suggesting a kenozooidal affinity. D. Freshly collected colony with gonozooid. The deep orange colour of the gonozooid is derived from masses of presumed cells/ bodies concentrated in the hypostegal cavity, inferred to have a nutritive role. The radiating orange streaks around the gonozooid are concentrations of the same material within the inter-ridge spaces and at the openings of nearby cancelli. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B–D, 300 µm.
FIGURE 15. A–C in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 15. A–C. Bubble plots showing the relative contribution of different modes of crystallite imbrication to skeletal wall surface ultrastructure based on randomised crystallite counts (see methods for definitions of the five imbrication categories). Dot size is proportional to the fraction of crystallites recorded within each category; arrows indicate accompanying cancellus growth directions for internodes in which crystallites were measured (up, distal; down, proximal; or both). A. Variation in ultrastructure along non-fertile branch systems, presented as imbrication category vs. Shreve number; N-value indicates the number of crystallites examined for internodes of a given Shreve number (counts pooled across three non-fertile branches). B. Imbrication modes of the internodes located more proximally and along the same leader branch as the gonozooid (i.e. in which the gonozooid is positioned upstream, so that the cancelli must grow distally if they are to move closer to the gonozooid). C. Ultrastructure of internodes for which the gonozooid is positioned downstream (that is, internodes in which the cancelli must grow proximally if they are to move closer to the gonozooid). This category includes branch tips above the gonozooid and internodes in the lateral branches connecting to the gonozooid-bearing branch. Count data from B and C pooled from five fertile branch systems.
FIGURE 12 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 12. Cancelli in Hornera currieae n. sp. A. Longitudinally ground branch; abfrontal cancelli originate from hypostegal pores (arrows) located in the grooves between lateral zooids (NIWA 8443). B. Cancelli originate at hypostegal pores; pore detail showing fine inward facing spines (NIWA 8443). C. BSE-SEM of ground, diamond-polished branch; cross-section of a cancellus showing preserved skeletal asymmetry, a consequence of the sustained presence of raised cancellus hoods during growth. D. Transverse semithin section of several H. currieae n. sp. cancelli showing epithelial linings (arrowed); note delamination of decalcified skeleton. E. Detailed view of two abfrontal cancelli (micro-CT back-surface render): adjacent cancelli with similar fine-scale fluctuations in direction and thickness; cancellus on right has coalesced with a third cancellus (TAN0104 stn 153). F. Magnified view of 8A showing nodular appearance of cancelli under light microscope (TAN0104 stn 153). G. Openings of proximally bent cancelli with trailing ridges (NIWA 8449). H. Coalescence of five cancelli (highlighted yellow) during secondary calcification; single-channel extract of anaglyphic 3D image, hence slight ghosting (TAN0104 stn 153). Scale bars: A, F–H, 100 µm; B, 10 µm; C, 40 µm; D, 30 µm; E, 50 µm.
FIGURE 10 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 10. Back-face isosurface renders of H. currieae n. sp. gonozooids. A. Dorsal view of gonozooid: complex interior architecture includes various thin and thick cancelli, some anastomosing, and two immured ancestrulae marked by asterisks (TAN0104 stn 153). B. Lateral view of the same gonozooid, partly obscured by autozooids of side branch (top left): wide antechambers are present at the base of the large cancelli and cover most of the inner wall of the proximal region of the gonozooid roof (three of these chambers are highlighted orange); the cancellus chamber floors contain hypostegal pores. This view also reveals that the main gonozooid chamber is wrapped most of the way around the autozooidal bundle. The two immured ancestrulae shown in B are arrowed (TAN0104 stn 153). C. Three isosurface views of early (probably aborted) gonozooid development: left, exterior frontal view showing bulge (arrow) at site of 'missing' aperture of fertile zooid; middle, same view, but using back-face isosurface rendering, revealing the tube connecting the distal and proximal regions of the gonozooid; right, view of abfrontal surface, showing roughly triangular gonozooidal chamber wrapped around lateral autozooid (TAN0104 stn 153). All scale bars: 200 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 9. Gonozooid morphology of Hornera currieae n. sp. A. Lateral view of branch showing abfrontal inflated portion of gonozooid; proximal to gonozooid are distally directed cancelli (TAN0104 stn 153). B, C. Abfrontal and distal views of gonozooids, showing distally positioned, spout-like ooeciostome and large cancelli (TAN0104 stn 153). D. Frontal view of gonozooid with closed zooid aperture (arrow), marking the origin of the tube that grows across the branch exterior to the abfrontal inflated portion of the gonozooid; ooeciostome faces frontally in this example (NIWA 8443). E. Gonozooid with mechanically removed roof: the thick gonozooid walls contain large cancelli with broad, densely porous chambers that connect to the gonozooid interior; pustulose branch exterior and perforate gonozooid floor (NIWA 8443). F. Back-face isosurface render showing interior architecture of gonozooid and surrounding autozooids, viewed from the front: this gonozooid is supplied by tubes (highlighted orange) originating from two fertile zooids; also present is an immured ancestrula, highlighted green (TAN0104 stn 153). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 500 µm; D, E, 200 µm; F 100 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 8. Cancelli and kenozooids of Hornera currieae n. sp. A. Abfrontal surface of fertile branch; threadlike cancelli visible through porcellanous skeleton (TAN0104 stn 153). B. SEM of proximal-facing cancellus opening, with raised 'hood' composed of smaller crystallites than surrounding skeleton (colony base at left) (TAN0104 stn 115). C. Micro-CT render showing directional aspect and trailing ridges of cancellus hoods emerging at low angles (TAN0104 stn 153). D. Micro-CT isosurface back-face render of fertile branch interior with frontal wall facing downward: paths of multiple cancelli visible, as well as possible aborted cancelli or resorption features (arrowed) in secondary wall (TAN0104 stn 153). E. SEM of colony base imaged in Fig. 5A: basal stem thickened by proximally directed kenozooids, basal lamina overgrowing cheilostome at right (NIWA 8449). F. Magnified view of Fig. 8E: kenozooids have distinctive arcuate openings and also develop hypostegal pores from which new kenozooids can bud (NIWA 8449). Scale bars: A, E, 500 µm; B, C, 10 µm; D, F, 100 µm.
FIGURE 6. Hornera currieae n in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 6. Hornera currieae n. sp. branch development and ultrastructure. A. Abfrontal surface of developing branch tip with prominent pustulose keels and scattered pustules (NIWA 8443). B–C. Comparison of branches under SEM and light microscopy highlighting smooth walls, widely spaced autozooidal openings and sparse cancelli (NIWA 8443). D–F. Representative skeletal ultrastructural fabrics: D. Seeding zone with directionally neutral crystallite imbrication; quadrilateral tablets are possibly rhombic semi-nacre (TAN0104 stn 153). E. Fabric dominated by proximally imbricated hexagonal semi-nacre (TAN0104 stn 115). F. Mature wall comprising pseudofoliated fabric arising from fused or expanded hexagonal semi-nacreous tablets (TAN0104 stn 153). G–H. High magnification views showing variability of surface crystallites in seeding zones: G. Large rhombic crystallite undergoing screw dislocation (left); hexagonal tablet with distinct sectoring and trilete arrangement (right) (TAN0104 stn 153). H. Large rectangular crystallite at left, with central mound at point of origin; various other crystallites with hexagonal or rhomboidal interfacial angles (TAN0104 stn 153). Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, F, 10 µm; E, 5 µm; G, H, 1 µm.
FIGURE 5. Hornera currieae n in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 5. Hornera currieae n. sp. colony morphology. A. Colony base and stem comprising proximally growing kenozooids, base overgrowing encrusting cheilostome (NIWA 8449). B. Close-up frontal view of branch in Fig. 4D; at this stage of development the interzooidal walls of the frontal autozooids are visible as a longitudinal partition in the hyaline skeleton (TAN0104 stn 153). C. Frontal view of internode immediately proximal to the distal internode; note the relatively even spacing of lateral cancelli, which have not yet coalesced (NIWA 8449). D. Young branch ground to expose frontal and lateral autozooidal chambers, interzooidal pores arrowed; note additional secondary thickening around the peristome at right (NIWA 8443). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 500 µm; C, D, 200 µm.
FIGURE 4. Hornera currieae n in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 4. Hornera currieae n. sp. colony and branch morphology. A. Abfrontal view of fan-like colony bearing five gonozooids (TAN0104 stn 153). B. Proximal portion of large colony, showing basal disc attached to a scleractinan coral fragment; note rounded, immured basal branch stumps in Figs A–C (TAN0104 stn 153). C. frontal view of colony with large attachment disc and main stem stained brown, as is common in this species (holotype, NIWA 8449). D. Frontal view of distal branches showing hyaline skeleton and long lateral peristomes emerging at high angles from branch axis (TAN0104 stn 153). E. Developing branch tip showing budding of 2 x 2 frontal/lateral autozooid arrangement, frontal view (NIWA 8449). F. SEM of distal branch showing ongoing secondary calcification leading to tapered form (NIWA 8449). G. Abfrontal surface of developing branch tip, with transition from pustulose to smooth walls with secondary thickening (NIWA 8449). Scale bars: A, C, 5 mm; B, 3 mm; D, 2 mm; E–G, 500 µm.
FIGURE 14 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 14. Cancellus bending and crystallite imbrication in Hornera currieae n. sp. A. SEM montage of gonozooid-bearing branch tip of fertile colony, abfrontal surface; arrows show the growth direction of the terminal parts of cancelli, determined from the orientation of their hooded openings. In addition to distal and proximal bending, cancelli at branch axils can be seen to bend laterally toward the fertile branch; (gz, gonozooid) (TAN0105 stn 115). B. Example of the relationship between terminal cancellus growth direction and mean surface crystallite imbrication score at the internode scale: arrows indicate dominant cancellus growth direction, red/blue branch shading indicates positive or negative mean crystallite imbrication scores for each region (blue, net proximal; red, net distal) (TAN0104 stn 153). C. Mixed front-face/back-face isosurface composite image of a branch bifurcation showing cancellus hood orientation and underlying cancellus bending; left branch is a lateral branch with proximal cancellus growth, right branch is the main support branch with a distalward gonozooid, towards which the initially proximally growing cancelli have turned (TAN0104 stn 153). Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 5 mm; C, 100 µm.
FIGURE 11. A. Hornera currieae n in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 11. A. Hornera currieae n. sp.: magnified view of floor (left) and walls (right) of inflated gonozooid incubation chamber in 9E after removal of the roof: the broken wall reveals several of the broad chambers shown in 10C at the base of the cancelli (arrow); the gonozooid chamber floor is densely pitted with resorption structures of unknown origin (NIWA 8443). B. Partial backface isosurface render showing a cross-section of gonozooid roof with thick anastomosing cancelli (exterior at bottom) (TAN0104 stn 153). C. Inferred H. currieae n. sp. ancestrula, seamlessly immured, growing on the abfrontal surface of a colony of the same species (NIWA 8443). D. Backface isosurface render of the two ancestrulae in Figs 9F, 10A, B: ancestrular tube, white arrow; periancestrular daughter zooid, black arrow (TAN0104 stn 153). E. Early-stage H. currieae n. sp. ancestrula on branch of same species (TAN0104 stn 399). F. Magnified view of ancestrula in E, showing orifices of primary and daughter zooid, and pustule-bearing wall (TAN0104 stn 399). G–H. Heavy secondary calcification in H. currieae n. sp. G. Frontal view of branch from mid-region of colony; in older branches autozooidal orifices became increasingly spaced and cancelli are reduced in number due to coalescence (NHMUK genetic voucher specimen AW999, courtesy of Dr. Andrea Waeschenbach). H. BSE-SEM of polished branch section, showing extensive secondary thickening. Scale bars: A–E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm; G, 200 µm.
FIGURE 13 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 13. Micro-CT imaging of abfrontal cancellus bending in Hornera currieae n. sp. (TAN0104/153): whole colony with CT-scanned branch region indicated by red box (top left); X-ray of scanned branch, with subregions A–D indicated (bottom left); centre: simplified schematic of cancelli along scanned section showing transition from distal to proximal bending, note the changing relative positions of bends along branch. Branch subregions A–D (right), as follows: A, cancelli immediately proximal to gonozooid bend proximally, then turn distally; B, internode directly below gonozooid with cancelli initially growing outward, then bending strongly in distal direction; C, cancelli propagating proximally, then bending distally; D, cancelli only bending proximally. From internode D to the colony base all abfrontal cancelli bend proximally.
FIGURE 3 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 3. Coding values assigned for individual crystallite imbrication used in the ultrastructure mapping study: 2, distally imbricated pseudofoliated fabric; 1, distally imbricated semi-nacre (usually hexagonal); 0, unimbricated crystallites (visible faces in all directions); -1, proximally imbricated semi-nacre (usually hexagonal); -2, proximally imbricated pseudofoliated fabric. Terminology based on Taylor & Weedon (2000).
FIGURE 1 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 1. Known distribution of Hornera currieae n. sp. (left); inset of region indicated in Box 1, at left, shows seamount features on the northern Chatham Rise from which this species was collected (right).
FIGURE 2. A in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 2. A subset of morphometric data collected from Hornera currieae n. sp. Parameters 1–12 and 15 were measured from 32 colonies; parameters 13–14 were measured from SEMs of three colonies. One additional parameter, number of gonozooids per colony (GN), not shown.
FIGURE 7 in Hornera currieae n. sp. (Cyclostomatida: Horneridae): a new bathyal cyclostome bryozoan with reproductively induced skeletal plasticity
FIGURE 7. Crystallographic orientation of Hornera currieae n. sp. skeletal walls. A. EBSD map of calcite from a polished longitudinal-tangential section of a mid-colony branch bifurcation, grain boundaries demarcated by black lines (inset, imaged section relative to branch axis). B. Crystallite orientation frequency distribution for entire map. C. Pole figures for c-, a- and m-axes; color ramp in all cases indicates the orientation of the crystalline c-axes relative to the sectional plane. Crystallites at edges of EBSD map lie at approximately 60°–70° to the sectional plane, grading to ~0°–15° inclination (i.e., roughly wallparallel) along midline region; note, the plane of the polished section is probably inclined ~10° from the wall surface in the longitudinal axis, hence rarity of crystallites indexed at 0° inclination. The pole figures are equal area projections; each shows orientations of 29,274 indexed crystallites displayed at 1 point per grain (upper hemisphere projection). The broad swathe of c-axes in the pole figure reflects the cylinder-wrapping orientation of indexed crystallites. The map and pole figures indicate c-axes are consistently near-perpendicular to skeletal wall surfaces, whereas a-axes and m-axes are scattered randomly around the corresponding c-axes. The crystallite indexing rate drops rapidly towards the edges of the section due to the increasingly thin (~200 nm) profiles of exposed laminae oriented at low angles to the EBSD detector. Scale bar: 100 µm.
FIG. 8. — Hornera mediterranea n in The Mediterranean species of Hornera Lamouroux, 1821 (Bryozoa, Cyclostomata): reassessment of H. frondiculata (Lamarck, 1816) and description of H. mediterranea n. sp.
FIG. 8. — Hornera mediterranea n. sp., vestiges of brood chambers: A, two floors covered by secondary calcification; B, basal tube of a gonozooid. Origin: A-B, Riou Is., 74 m, 5/VII/1971. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, 200 µm. Photos: Jean-Georges Harmelin.
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