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9 results for “Host behavioral manipulation”
Figure 3 in Regional Distribution Of A Brain-Encysting Parasite Provides Insight On Parasite-Induced Host Behavioral Manipulation
Figure 3. Correlation between the number of encysted Euhaplorchis californiensis metacercariae on the whole brain of California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) and the number of parasites on the diencephalon/ mesencephalon region in experimentally infected F. parvipinnis individuals. The correlation was checked using Spearman's rho (¼ 0.98).
Figure 1 in Regional Distribution Of A Brain-Encysting Parasite Provides Insight On Parasite-Induced Host Behavioral Manipulation
Figure 1. Figure displaying the number of Euhaplorchis californiensis parasites (A), weight (B), and mass parasite density (parasites/g body mass) (C) in experimentally infected and naturally infected fish. Different letters indicate differences in Tukey post-hoc test performed after a 1-way ANOVA; stars indicate significant difference in the Mann–Whitney Utest. On the y-axis, we show the number of parasites (A), body mass in + grams (B), and parasite density (parasites/g body mass) (C), and on the x- axis, we show the different treatment groups: low-infection treatment (n ¼ 8), high-infection treatment (n ¼ 8), experimentally infected (n ¼ 16), and naturally infected (n ¼ 25).
Figure 2 in Regional Distribution Of A Brain-Encysting Parasite Provides Insight On Parasite-Induced Host Behavioral Manipulation
Figure 2. Contrasting Euhaplorchis californiensis brain surface parasite density (A) and parasite numbers (B) in 3 brain regions in both high- and low-infection treatment groups. Different letters indicate the statistical difference between the different brain regions given by a Tukey post-hoc test, and the stars indicate a statistical difference between the 2 infection treatments (low and high). In all groups, n ¼ 8. Brain surface parasite density is defined as the number of parasites per square millimeter of brain surface area.
Data from: Survival of the feces: does a nematode lungworm adaptively manipulate the behavior of its cane toad host?
Parasites can enhance their fitness by modifying the behavior of their hosts in ways that increase rates of production and transmission of parasite larvae. We used an antihelminthic drug to experimentally alter infections of lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) in cane toads (Rhinella marina). We then compared subsequent behaviors of dewormed toads versus toads that retained infections. Both in the laboratory and in the field, the presence of parasites induced hosts to select higher body temperatures (thereby increasing rates of lungworm egg production), to defecate in moister sites, and to produce feces with higher moisture content (thereby enhancing survival of larvae shed in feces). Because those behavioral modifications enhance rather than decrease parasite fitness, they are likely to have arisen as adaptive manipulations of host behavior rather than as host adaptations to combat infection or as nonadaptive consequences of infection on host physiology. However, the mechanisms by which lungworms alter cane toad thermal preference and defecation are not known. Although many examples of host manipulation by parasites involve intermediate hosts facilitating their own demise, our findings indicate that manipulation of definitive hosts can be as subtle as when and where to defecate.
Figure 3 from: Messas YF, Sobczak JF, Vasconcellos-Neto J (2017) An alternative host of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) on a novel family (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on behavioral manipulations. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.14817
Figure 3 - Web modification in Mecynogea biggiba induced by the parasitoid wasp Hymenoepimecis japi. A Normal web of M. biggiba B–C Cocoon webs in lateral view, and D close of the center of the cocoon web. Arrows indicate the dome-shaped part of the web (white), hub of the dome (red) and support threads (green).
Figure 2 from: Messas YF, Sobczak JF, Vasconcellos-Neto J (2017) An alternative host of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) on a novel family (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on behavioral manipulations. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.14817
Figure 2 - Mecynogea biggiba parasitized by Hymenoepimecis japi. A Adult female spider and first instar larvae B Adult female spider with second instar larvae on its abdomen C Third instar larvae of H. japi after killing its host spider D Third instar larvae consuming the hemolymph of M. biggiba E Detail of dorsal tubercles bearing several hooks F Cocoon of H. japi G Dense weave of cocoon threads in detail.
Data from: Survival of the feces: does a nematode lungworm adaptively manipulate the behavior of its cane toad host?
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Figure 1 from: Messas YF, Sobczak JF, Vasconcellos-Neto J (2017) An alternative host of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) on a novel family (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on behavioral manipulations. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.14817
Figure 1 - A Mecynogea biggiba resting on its web hub B Typical dome-shaped web of M. biggiba.
Figure 4 in Regional Distribution Of A Brain-Encysting Parasite Provides Insight On Parasite-Induced Host Behavioral Manipulation
Figure 4. Mean (± SE) total brain surface area (A), parasites found per square millimeter of brain surface area (i.e., parasite density) for lowinfection (B) and high-infection (C) treatment groups, and, total parasite numbers found in each brain region for low-infection (D) and high-infection (E) treatment groups, respectively. The brain regions of interest, the telencephalon (black bars), diencephalon/mesencephalon (gray bars), and the rhombencephalon (white bars), are located on the x-axis. In order to make comparisons among individuals, it was necessary to standardize each brain region into sub-regions. That is, both the telencephalon and rhombencephalon were divided into 4 sub-regions of interest. Due to the large surface area covered by the diencephalon/mesencephalon, this area was divided into 10 sub-regions of interest. Note that the figure in (A) illustrates the total brain surface area in each sub-region, which, when compared to the brain surface parasite densities in both treatment groups, shows that the parasite aggregation numbers are not dependent upon available surface area.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.