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75 results for “Host genotype”
Data from: Spatial and host-related variation in prevalence and population density of wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella) cryptic genotypes in agricultural landscapes
<p><strong>Filename: coord.csv</strong></p> <p>Names of the sampling locations and their geographic coordinates.</p> <ol> <li>Name - sampling locality identifier</li> <li>Lat - latitude</li> <li>Long - longitude</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: lineages.csv</strong></p> <ol> <li>id.sample - sample identifier</li> <li>host - host species (Arrela=<em>Arrhenantherum elatius</em>, Avesat=<em>Avena sativa</em>, Broine=<em>Bromus inermis</em>, Elyres=<em>Elymus repens</em>, Horvul=<em>Hordeum vulgaris</em>, Seccer=<em>Secale cereale</em>, Triaes=<em>Triticum aestivum</em>, Tririm=<em>Triticale rimpaui</em></li> <li>x, y - geodetic coordinates</li> <li>stems - no. of stems in a sample</li> <li>leaves - no. of leaves in a sample</li> <li>MT.01 to MT.27 - no. of mites belonging to each genetic lineage</li> </ol>
Neither alpha-synuclein-preformed fibrils derived from patients with GBA1 mutations nor the host murine genotype significantly influence seeding efficacy in the mouse olfactory bulb
<p>Data sets for;</p> <p>Neither alpha-synuclein-preformed fibrils derived from patients with <em>GBA1</em> mutations nor the host murine genotype significantly influence seeding efficacy in the mouse olfactory bulb</p>
Fig. 2 in Host-adapted Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria
Fig. 2. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in strawcolored fruit bats by small subunit rRNA-based PCRRFLP. Upper panel: SspI RFLP patterns; lower panel: VspI RFLP patterns; M: 100-bp molecular markers; H: C. hominis positive control; P: C. parvum positive control; B1: Cryptosporidium bat genotype XIV; B2: Cryptosporidium bat genotype XV.
Fig. 4 in Host-adapted Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in straw-colored fruit bats in Nigeria
Fig. 4. Phylogeny of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in bats based on Bayesian inference analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene. The posterior probability values are indicated on the branches. Red ones are E. bieneusi genotypes identified in straw-colored fruit bats in the present study. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Phyloseq 16S v3v4 object accompanying paper: Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age
<p>This ready to load <strong>phyloseq</strong> R S4 object contains the ASV table, taxonomy table and sample metadata. This data was build using the DaDa2 (version 1.18.0) and phyloseq (version 1.34.0) R packages using the SILVA 138.1 nr99 database and raw MiSeq PE300 sequencing data deposited at NCBI-SRA under BioProject: PRJNA975731.</p> <p>F. Marcato, J.M.J. Rebel, S.K. Kar, I. Wouters, D. Schokker, A. Bossers, F. Harders, J.W. van Riel, M. Wolthuis-Fillerup and I.C. de Jong. </p> <p>The main goal of the current study was to investigate whether or not it was possible to modulate the fecal microbiome and thereby reducing endotoxin concentrations in the excreta of broiler chickens. An experiment was carried out with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement including 3 factors, 1) genetic strain (fast-growing Ross 308 vs. slower-growing Hubbard JA757), 2) no vs. combined use of probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and drinking water, 3) early feeding at the hatchery vs. non early feeding. A total of 624 Ross 308 and 624 Hubbard JA757 day-old male broiler chickens were included until d 37 and d 51 of age, respectively. Broilers (26 chicks per pen) were housed in a total of 48 pens, and there were 6 replicate pens/treatment group. Pooled cloacal swabs (10 chickens per pen) for microbiome and endotoxin analyses were collected at a target body weight (BW) of 200 g, 1 kg and 2.5 kg.</p>
Effects of genotype and host environment on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Lysiphlebus parasitoids and aggression by aphid-tending ants
Parasitoids in the genus Lysiphlebus specialize on ant-tended aphids and have previously been reported to mimic the CHC profiles of their aphid hosts to avoid detection by ants. However, the precise mechanisms that mediate reduced ant aggression toward Lysiphlebus spp. are not known, nor is it clear whether such mechanisms are broadly effective or specialized to particular aphid hosts. Here we explore the effects of wasp genotype and host environment on Lysiphlebus cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles and ant aggression. Rearing asexual Lysiphlebus lines in different host aphid environments revealed effects of both wasp line and aphid host on wasp CHCs. However, variation in genotype and host affected different features of the CHC profile, with wasp genotype explaining most variation in linear and long-chain methyl alkanes, while aphid host environment primarily influenced short-chain methyl alkanes. Subsequent behavioral experiments revealed no effects of host environment on ant aggression, but stronger evidence for genotypic effects. The presence of genotypic variation in experienced ant aggression and relevant chemical traits is particularly relevant in light of recent evidence for genetic divergence among Lysiphlebus parasitoids collected from different aphid hosts.
Effects of genotype and host environment on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Lysiphlebus parasitoids and aggression by aphid-tending ants
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Patterns of genotype-specific interactions in an obligate host-specific insect pathogenic fungus
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An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common vs. rare host genotypes
<p>A core hypothesis in coevolutionary theory proposes that parasites adapt to specifically infect common host genotypes. Under this hypothesis, parasites function as agents of negative frequency-dependent selection, favoring rare host genotypes. This parasite-mediated advantage of rarity is key to the idea that parasites maintain genetic variation and select for outcrossing in host populations. Here, we report the results of an experimental test of parasite adaptation to common vs. rare host genotypes. We selected the bacterial parasite <i>Serratia marcescens</i> to kill <i>C. elegans</i> hosts in uneven mixtures of host genotypes. To examine the effect of commonness itself, independent of host identity, each of four host genotypes was represented as common or rare in experimental host mixtures. After experimental selection, we evaluated a parasite line's change in virulence, the selected fitness trait, on its rare and common host genotypes. Our results were consistent with a slight advantage for rare host genotypes: on average, parasites lost virulence against rare genotypes but not against common genotypes. The response varied substantially, however, with distinct patterns across host genotype mixtures. These findings support the potential for parasites to impose negative frequency-dependent selection, while emphasizing that the cost of being common may vary with host genotype.</p>
Genotypic variation in an ecologically important parasite is associated with host species, lake, and spore size
<p>Genetic variation in parasites has important consequences for host-parasite interactions. Prior studies of the ecologically important parasite <i>Metschnikowia bicuspidata</i> have suggested low genetic variation in the species. Here, we collected <i>M. bicuspidata</i> from two host species (<i>Daphnia dentifera</i> and <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>) and two regions (Michigan and Indiana, USA). Within a lake, outbreaks tended to occur in one host species but not the other. Using microsatellite markers, we identified six parasite genotypes grouped within three distinct clades, one of which was rare. Of the two main clades, one was generally associated with <i>D. dentifera,</i> with lakes in both regions containing a single genotype. The other <i>M. bicuspidata</i> clade was mainly associated with <i>C. dubia</i>, with a different genotype dominating in each region. Despite these associations, both <i>D. dentifera-</i> and <i>C. dubia</i>-associated genotypes were found infecting both hosts in lakes. However, in lab experiments, the <i>D. dentifera</i>-associated genotype infected both <i>D. dentifera</i> and <i>C. dubia</i>, but the <i>C. dubia</i>-associated genotype, which had spores that were approximately 30% smaller, did not infect <i>D. dentifera. </i>We hypothesize that variation in spore size might help explain patterns of cross-species transmission. Future studies exploring the causes and consequences of variation in spore size may help explain patterns of infection and the maintenance of genotypic diversity in this ecologically important system.</p>
First insights into population structure and genetic diversity versus host specificity in trypanorhynch tapeworms using multiplexed shotgun genotyping
<p>Theory predicts relaxed host specificity and high host vagility should contribute to reduced genetic structure in parasites while strict host specificity and low host vagility should increase genetic structure. Though these predictions are intuitive, they have never been explicitly tested in a population genomic framework. Trypanorhynch tapeworms, which parasitize sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) as definitive hosts, are the only order of elasmobranch tapeworms that exhibit considerable variability in their definitive host specificity. This allows for unique combinations of host use and geographic range, making trypanorhynchs ideal candidates for studying how these traits influence population-level structure and genetic diversity. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) datasets were generated to characterize component population structure and infrapopulation diversity for a representative of each trypanorhynch suborder: the ray-hosted <em>Rhinoptericola megacantha</em> (Trypanobatoida) and the shark-hosted Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Trypanoselachoida). Adults of <em>R. megacantha</em> are more host-specific and less broadly distributed than adults of <em>C. gracilis</em>, allowing correlation between these factors and genetic structure. Replicate tapeworm specimens were sequenced from the same host individual, from multiple conspecific hosts within and across geographic regions, and from multiple definitive host species. For <em>R. megacantha</em>, population structure coincided with geography rather than host species. For <em>C. gracilis</em>, limited population structure was found, suggesting a potential link between degree of host specificity and structure. Conspecific trypanorhynchs from the same host individual were found to be as, or more, genetically divergent from one another as from conspecifics from different host individuals. For both species, high levels of homozygosity and positive FIS values were documented.</p>
Data from: Host-parasite dynamics shaped by temperature and genotype: quantifying the role of underlying vital rates
<p>1. Global warming challenges the persistence of local populations, not only through heat-induced stress, but also through indirect biotic changes. We study the interactive effects of temperature, competition and parasitism in the water flea <i>Daphnia magna</i>.</p> <p>2. We carried out a common garden experiment monitoring the dynamics of <i>Daphnia</i> populations along a temperature gradient. Halfway through the experiment, all populations became infected with the ectoparasite <i>Amoebidium parasiticum</i>, enabling us to study interactive effects of temperature and parasite dynamics. We combined Integral Projection Models with epidemiological models, parameterized using the experimental data on the performance of individuals within dynamic populations. This enabled us to quantify the contribution of different vital rates and epidemiological parameters to population fitness across temperatures and <i>Daphnia</i> clones originating from two latitudes.</p> <p>3. Interactions between temperature and parasitism shaped competition, where Belgian clones performed better under infection than Norwegian clones, mainly due to higher survival. Infected <i>Daphnia</i> populations performed better at higher than at lower temperatures, mainly due to an increased host capability of reducing parasite loads. Temperature strongly affected individual vital rates, but effects largely cancelled out on a population-level. In contrast, parasitism strongly reduced fitness through consistent negative effects on all vital rates. As a result, temperature-mediated parasitism was more important than the direct effects of temperature in shaping population dynamics. Both the outcome of the competition treatments and the observed extinction patterns support our modeling results.</p> <p>4. Our study highlights that shifts in biotic interactions can be equally or more important for responses to warming than direct physiological effects of warming, emphasizing that we need to include such interactions in our studies to predict the competitive ability of natural populations experiencing global warming.</p>
Continental-scale associations of Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere members with host genotype and drought
<p><strong><span>Plants are colonized by distinct pathogenic and commensal microbiomes across different regions of the globe, but the factors driving their geographic variation are largely unknown. Using 16S rDNA and shotgun sequencing, we characterized the associations of the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> leaf microbiome with host genetics and climate variables from 267 populations in the species’ native range across Europe. Comparing the distribution of the 575 major bacterial amplicon variants (phylotypes), we discovered that microbiome composition in <em>A. thaliana</em> segregates along a latitudinal gradient. The latitudinal clines in microbiome composition are predicted by metrics of drought, but also by the spatial genetics of the host. To validate the relative effects of drought and host genotype we conducted a common garden field study, finding 10% of the core bacteria to be affected directly by drought, and 20% to be affected by host genetic associations with drought. These data provide a valuable resource for the plant microbiome field, with the identified associations suggesting that drought can directly and indirectly shape genetic variation in A. thaliana via the leaf microbiome.</span></strong></p>
Data from: Host genotype and age shape the leaf and root microbiomes of a wild perennial plant
Bacteria living on and in leaves and roots influence many aspects of plant health, so the extent of a plant's genetic control over its microbiota is of great interest to crop breeders and evolutionary biologists. Laboratory-based studies, because they poorly simulate true environmental heterogeneity, may misestimate or totally miss the influence of certain host genes on the microbiome. Here we report a large-scale field experiment to disentangle the effects of genotype, environment, age and year of harvest on bacterial communities associated with leaves and roots of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae), a perennial wild mustard. Host genetic control of the microbiome is evident in leaves but not roots, and varies substantially among sites. Microbiome composition also shifts as plants age. Furthermore, a large proportion of leaf bacterial groups are shared with roots, suggesting inoculation from soil. Our results demonstrate how genotype-by-environment interactions contribute to the complexity of microbiome assembly in natural environments.
Short-term fitness consequences of parasitism depend on host genotype and within-host parasite community
<p>Multi-parasite communities inhabiting individual hosts are common and often consist of parasites from multiple taxa. The effects of parasite community composition and complexity on host fitness are critical for understanding how host-parasite coevolution is affected by parasite diversity. To test how naturally-occurring parasites affect host fitness of multiple host genotypes, we performed a common-garden experiment where we inoculated four genotypes of host plant <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> with six microbial parasite treatments: three single parasite treatments, a fungal mixture, a viral mixture, and a cross-kingdom treatment. Seed production was affected by both host genotype and parasite treatment, and their interaction jointly determined growth of the hosts. Fungal parasites had more consistent negative effects than viruses in both single mixed parasite treatments. These results demonstrate that parasite communities have the potential to affect the evolution and ecology of host populations through their effects on host growth and reproduction. Moreover, the results highlight the importance of accounting for the diversity of parasites as well as host genotypes when aiming to predict the consequences of parasites for epidemics as the effects of multi-parasitism are not necessarily additive of single parasite effects, nor uniform across all host genotypes.</p>
Data from: Host-parasite dynamics shaped by temperature and genotype: quantifying the role of underlying vital rates
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Genotype-environment interaction reveals varied developmental responses to unpredictable host phenology in a tropical insect
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Data from: Host investment into symbiosis varies among genotypes of the legume Acmispon strigosus, but host sanctions are uniform
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Data from: Host genotype and age shape the leaf and root microbiomes of a wild perennial plant
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Data from: Host avoidance and resistance vary independently and are specific to parasite genotype
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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