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65 results for “Human pressure”

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zenodo44/100

Surface water loss hotspots and areas of human pressure in Italy

In Italy, surface water bodies are the main source of water withdrawals. However, growing human pressures are significantly changing surface water availability, gradually reducing its extent. We analyze the influence of human activities on surface water losses occurred in Italy between 1984 and 2021. To do so, we identify three areas of human pressure, i.e., regions of human activities that heavily rely on the use of surface water: <ol> <li>Irrigated area (IRR);</li> <li>Built-up area (BUP), indicating areas of human settlements (urban and industrial areas);</li> <li>Anthropogenic area (ANT), indicating areas of either irrigation practices or human settlements.</li> </ol> Here, we provide the datasets describing the spatial distribution of surface water loss (SWL), irrigated areas, built-up areas, and anthropogenic areas, and the land cover classification for 2021 across Italy (LC). Such datasets have been derived from remotely-sensed products. In particular, the location of SWL is determined using the Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016), whereas the maps of irrigated and built-up areas are obtained from the Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2018 dataset (EEA, 2018). Finally, the land cover map is extracted from the ESA WorldCover map (version 2) for the year 2021 (Zanaga et al., 2022). In the map of SWL, irrigated areas, built-up areas, and anthropogenic areas the value 1 indicates the presence of SWL or irrigated area or built-up area or anthropogenic area, respectively. The 2021 land cover map follows the classification system of the ESA WorldCover map (11 classes). References: Pekel, JF.; Cottam, A.; Gorelick, N.; Belward, A.S. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418–422. European Union, Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 2018, European Environment Agency (EEA). Zanaga, D.; Van De Kerchove, R.; Daems, D.; De Keersmaecker, W.; Brockmann, C.; Kirches, G.; Wevers, J.; Cartus, O.; Santoro, M.; Fritz, S.; Lesiv, M.; Herold, M.; Tsendbazar, N.E.; Xu, P.; Ramoino, F.; Arino, O. ESA WorldCover 10 m 2021 v200, 2022.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

zenodo40/100

Raw data sets from Jones et al. 2018 QSR publication: A multi-proxy approach to understanding complex responses of saltlake catchments to climate variability and human pressure: A Late Quaternary case study from south-eastern, Spain

Attached are the raw data sets containing the pollen data, DXR, Grain size and C14 ages from the recent publication: Jones et al. 2018 QSR publication: A multi-proxy approach to understanding complex responses of saltlake catchments to climate variability and human pressure: A Late Quaternary case study from south-eastern, Spain. Note that these data sets do contain hiatuses and a major age-reversal due to erosian which have likely been caused by increased seasonal wetness at the onset of the Holocene. A full explanation is provided in our 2018 publication. If you do wish to use the data, it is essential that you read the publication inorder to interpret the results correctly. We also require that when using this data that you correctly cite it (Bibliographic reference and the doi number of the data set). There were some problems uploading the XRF (geochemical) data sets, so I haven't included these yet, but hopefully will do eventually.  Below I have also included the abstract from our publication, which provides an overview of the purpose of our work and a brief summary of the main findings. Abstract of Jones et al. 2018: The article focuses on a former salt lake in the upper Vinalopo Valley in south-eastern Spain. The study spans the Late Pleistocene through to the Late Holocene, although with particular focus on the period between 11 ka cal BP and 3000 ka cal BP (which spans the Mesolithic and part of the Bronze Age). High resolution multi-proxy analysis (including pollen, non pollen palynomorphs, grain size, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction) was undertaken on the lake sediments. The results show strong sensitivity to both long term and small changes in the evaporation/precipitation ratio, affecting the surrounding vegetation composition, lake-biota and sediment geochemistry. To summarise the key findings the main general trends identified include: 1) Hyper-saline conditions and low lake levels at the end of the Late Glacial 2) Increasing wetness and temperatures which witnessed an expansion of mesophilic woodland taxa, lake infilling and the establishment of a more perennial lake system at the onset of the Holocene 3) An increase in solar insolation after 9 ka cal BP which saw the re-establishment of pine forests 4) A continued trend towards increasing dryness (climatic optimum) at 7 ka cal BP but with continued freshwater input 5) An increase in sclerophyllous open woody vegetation (anthropogenic?), and increasing wetness (climatic?) is represented in the lake record between 5.9 and 3 ka cal BP 6) The Holocene was also punctuated by several aridity pulses, the most prominent corresponding to the 8.2 ka cal BP event. These events, despite a paucity of well dated archaeological sites in the surrounding area, likely altered the carrying capacity of this area both regionally and locally, particularly during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, in terms of fresh water supply for human/animal consumption, wild plant food reserves and suitable land for crop growth.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2018View details →

zenodo40/100

Code and data for: Human pressures threaten diet specialized mammal communities

Environmental change is increasing worldwide, and many animal species face anthropogenic threats, especially diet specialists. Yet the degree to which specialist species are currently impacted by environmental change remains poorly understood. Here, we examine how anthropogenic pressures impact dietary specialist species. To achieve this, we calculated an index of diet specialization for the majority of mammal species, based on the Gini inequality coefficient focused on all different dietary items and combined these indices with human footprint data. We used spatially explicit tests to compare the global pattern of mammal diet specialization based on Mantel statistics and a generalized linear mixed model to assess the variations in the percentage of diet specialist species in mammal communities regarding the total species richness, mean values of the human footprint, and the interaction between protected or non-protected areas and the continent. These analyses revealed global patterns in human pressure and its potential impacts on dietary specialist mammal species. We found that areas with many diet specialists in mammal communities are also impacted by high human pressure. Additionally, we found that the global protected area system adequately covers habitat for many mammal diet specialists, but has lower effectiveness in South America, Oceania, North America and Europe compared with Africa and Asia. Finally, we identified potential reservoirs for specialist species – places that contain many highly diet-specialist species and are subject to less human pressure – which may be important for conservation efforts. Our findings highlight limitations with existing conservation efforts and underscore the importance of conserving specialist species.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Fish zeta diversity responses to human pressures and cumulative effects across a freshwater basin

Aim: Declining biodiversity across ecosystems and myriad human pressures necessitate high-level regional assessments for effective management. Evaluation of biodiversity patterns and stressor accumulation through beta diversity and cumulative effect analyses are two key methods for management prioritization. This study links these concepts to develop a novel cumulative effect metric based on beta diversity responses. Location: Fraser River basin, British Columbia, Canada. Methods: Multi-Site Generalized Dissimilarity Models were used to evaluate non-linear relationships between fish species compositional differences (ζn, number of shared species across any number of watersheds compared) and human pressure, environmental, and geospatial differences among all watersheds and within low, mid-, and high elevation clusters. A cumulative effect metric was calculated as the sum of response values generated by the model for each human pressure variable specific to each watershed, when evaluated for ζ2 (equivalent to pairwise beta diversity). This metric was tested against the Local Contribution of each watershed to Beta Diversity to determine whether watersheds with unique communities had low cumulative effects and are therefore candidates for conservation, and conversely, whether watersheds with non-distinctive communities had high cumulative effects and warrant restoration. Species Contributions to Beta Diversity were also assessed across the basin. Results: Zeta diversity across low elevation watersheds indicated stronger filtering by human pressures than mid- and high elevations, which showed more stochastic community assembly. The relative importance and response to human pressures varied based on the diversity component (i.e., total diversity including compositional nestedness vs. turnover) and order of zeta (number of watersheds compared). Cumulative effects were negatively related to community uniqueness, supporting the use of these metrics for developing management priorities. Main Conclusions: This assessment contributes to biodiversity conservation efforts by identifying important watersheds, species, and human pressures to manage, as well as providing a cumulative effect metric directly based on biodiversity responses.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data: Human pressure effect on biodiversity-multifunctionality relationship in large Neotropical wetlands

Data from manuscript Human pressure drives biodiversity–multifunctionality relationships in neotropical wetlands. Moi et al. This is a dataset compiled from 72 lakes distributed across four neotropical wetlands of Brazil (Amazon, Araguaia, Pantanal, and Paraná). Dataset included single ecosystem functions: nutrient concentrations (in situ measurements of N and P water concentrations), metabolism (daily changes in water O2 concentration), biomass at multiple trophic levels (algae, herbivores, carnivores, detritivores, and omnivores), microorganism abundance (bacterial cell densities), availability of photosynthetically active radiation (light availability underwater), and variation in habitat complexity under water (variation in plant above-bottom cover).  Dataset also included measures of aquatic biodiversity, including species richness and functional diversity of seven organismal groups (fish, aquatic macrophytes, microcrustaceans, rotifers, phytoplankton, ciliates, and testate amoebae). Finally, the dataset includes measures of ecosystem multifunctionality, human pressure (Human Footprint), and local environmental covariates (depth, conductivity, pH, precipitation, temperature). All data came from standardized samples.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

dryad36/100

High temperatures and human pressures interact to influence mortality in an African carnivore

1. The impacts of high ambient temperatures on mortality in humans and domestic animals are well understood. However much less is known about how hot weather affects mortality in wild animals. High ambient temperatures have been associated with African wild dog Lycaon pictus pup mortality, suggesting that high temperatures might also be linked to high adult mortality. 2. We analysed mortality patterns in African wild dogs radio-collared in Kenya (0°N), Botswana (20°S) and Zimbabwe (20°S), to examine whether ambient temperature was associated with adult mortality. 3. We found that high ambient temperatures were associated with increased adult wild dog mortality at the Kenya site, and there was some evidence for temperature associations with mortality at the Botswana and Zimbabwe sites. 4. At the Kenya study site, which had the highest human impact, high ambient temperatures were associated with increased risks of wild dogs being killed by people, and by domestic dog diseases. In contrast, temperature was not associated with the risk of snare-related mortality at the Zimbabwe site, which had the second-highest human impact. Causes of death varied markedly between sites. 5. Pack size was positively associated with survival at all three sites. 6. These findings suggest that while climate change may not lead to new causes of mortality, rising temperatures may exacerbate existing anthropogenic threats to this endangered species, with implications for conservation. This evidence suggests that temperature-related mortality, including interactions between temperature and other anthropogenic threats, should be investigated in a greater number of species to understand and mitigate likely impacts of climate change.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data from: Adaptations to climate-mediated selective pressures in humans.

This dataset contains the genotype data in PLINK binary format for the 5 populations genotyped in the Di Rienzo lab and published in  Hancock AM, Witonsky DB, Alkorta-Aranburu G, Beall CM, Gebremedhin A, Sukernik R, Utermann G, Pritchard JK, Coop G, Di Rienzo A (2011) Adaptations to climate-mediated selective pressures in humans. PLoS Genet. 7(4):e1001375

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2011View details →

dryad36/100

Knowns and unknowns in future human pressures on the ocean

Growing demands on ocean resources are placing increasing pressure on ocean ecosystems. To assess the current state of knowledge of future human pressures on the ocean, we conducted a literature review of recent and projected trends of 25 anthropogenic pressures, comprising most of the identified human pressures on the global oceans. To better understand gaps in the data, we developed a comprehensive framework of the activities contributing to each pressure. All pressures were allocated to five categories (biological disruption, disturbance, and removal, altered ocean chemistry, pollution, and climate pressures). All pressures are expected to worsen in the future under business-as-usual scenarios (or similar) based on past trajectories and/or models of future scenarios. Eight of the pressures assessed have not been projected into the future (diseases and pathogens, introduced coastal wildlife predation, disruption to sediment dynamics, wildlife strikes, organic and inorganic chemical pollution, and light and noise pollution), likely due to the limited availability of data describing current pressures, the challenges of modeling future pressures, and high levels of uncertainty. We thus recommend they receive priority attention to assess their likely future trajectories, given their potential magnitude of influence.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Supplementary Data: Human settlement pressure drives slow-moving landslide exposure

These datasets (.Rmd, .Rroj., .rds) are ready to use within the R software for statistical programming with the R Studio Graphical User Interface (https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/). Please copy the folder structure into one single directory and follow the instructions given in the .Rmd file. Files and folders are described in the README.md file 0_ferrer_etal_2024.Rproj README.md 1_R_Notebook: <ul> <li>SlowMovingLandslide_Exposure.rmd</li> <li>Ferrer2024_FloodExposureAnalysis.Rmd</li> </ul> 2_data: <ul> <li>1_input: <ul> <li>sm_database_2023_01_17.csv</li> <li>sm_database_references.pdf</li> <li>gmba_v2</li> <li>ipcc_regions</li> <li>natrual_earth</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_processed: <ul> <li>model_data_2023_01_17.csv</li> <li>summary_database.csv</li> </ul> </li> </ul> 3_results: <ul> <li>1_model <ul> <li>2023_12_31.model.rds</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_figures: <ul> <li>main_figure_elements</li> </ul> </li> <li>3_ext_figures</li> </ul> 4_manuscript_figures: <ul> <li>1_main figures</li> <li>2_extended_figures</li> </ul> 5_floding_analysis: <ul> <li>flood_comp_mod.csv</li> <li>flood_comp_model.rds</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Geospatial dataset on human uses, environmental components and MSFD pressure for the Adriatic Sea

Geospatial dataset on human uses, environmental components and MSFD pressure for the Adriatic Sea (reference year 2014-2015). The datasets are derived from ADRIPLAN Portal (http://data.adriplan.eu/) and is suitable for cumulative effects assessment (CEA), maritime use conflict (MUC) analysis and CEA-based marine ecosystem service threat analysis (MES-Threat).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

dryad36/100