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13 results for “Hydrothermal condition”
Frictional properties of natural granite fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions: A case study of strike-slip fault from Anninghe Fault zone, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
<p>We performed friction experiments on natural granite gouge under hydrothermal conditions to investigate roles of the Anninghe Fault (ANHF) on seismogenesis in the continental crust. In this dataset, we report processed data after correction. Detailed information about the files in the zip-files is given in the explanatory file Lei-et-al-2023-Data-Description.pdf.</p>
Fig. 5 in The Impact Of Hydrothermal Conditions During Vegetation Period On Grain Quality Traits Of Oat
Fig. 5. β-glucan content and hydrothermal coefficient of phase 1 and 2 for cultivars A: D – 'Laima', B – 'St.Darta', A – 'Arta', E – 'Cwal', L – 'Scorpion', F – 'Pergamon', 1 – HTC1, 2 – HTC2.
Fig. 3 in The Impact Of Hydrothermal Conditions During Vegetation Period On Grain Quality Traits Of Oat
Fig. 3. Crude fat content and hydrothermal coefficient of phase 1 and 2 for cultivars A: B – 'St.Darta', D – 'Laima', E – 'Cwal', A – 'Arta', F – 'Pergamon', C – 'St.Liva', 1 – HTC1, 2 – HTC2.
Fig. 2 in The Impact Of Hydrothermal Conditions During Vegetation Period On Grain Quality Traits Of Oat
Fig. 2. Crude protein content and hydrothermal coefficient of phase 1 and 2 for cultivars B: K – 'Ingeborg', F – 'Pergamon', H – 'Duffy', L – 'Scorpion', J – 'Kerstin', G – 'Corona', 1 – HTC1, 2 – HTC2.
Hydrothermal conditions determine soil potential net N mineralization rates in arid and semi-arid grasslands
<p>Soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization is a key biogeochemical process influencing plant available N and net primary productivity (NPP) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the spatial variations and controlling factors of soil net N mineralization (RPNM) in arid and semi-arid grasslands are less studied and unclear. In this study, we investigated the soil RPNM by performing a laboratory incubation experiment. Soil samples were collected from 30 sites in three east-west transects on the Inner Mongolia Plateau (MP), Loess Plateau (LP), and Tibetan Plateau (TP) along a 3,200 km arid and semi-arid grassland gradient, with each transect containing three different grassland types (meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe, respectively). Results showed that the average RPNM values ranged from -0.37 to 1.29 mg N kg–1 d–1, with a significantly lower RPNM found in the desert steppe (0.08 ± 0.01 mg N kg–1 d–1) compared with those in the meadow steppe (0.30 ± 0.03 mg N kg–1 d–1) and in the typical steppe (0.33 ± 0.03 mg N kg–1 d–1) in the MP and LP transects (p < 0.05). This difference could be explained by variations in climatic and soil factors, such as hydrothermal index (HT), the soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM) and precipitation. However, no significant differences in RPNM were found among different grassland types in the TP transect, possibly due to the similarly low microbial activity, as indicated by the MBC values. Across all three grassland transects, HT, SOM, and microbial variables were the major factors controlling RPNM, which together explained 20.7% of the variation in RPNM. Further SEM analysis indicated HT was an integral predictor of RPNM, directly or indirectly via SOM, under different conditions of precipitation and temperature. Our findings provide field evidence and parameters for biogeochemical cycling to better predict future N transformation processes under changing precipitation and temperature regimes across a wide range of arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems.</p>
Hydrothermal conditions determine soil potential net N mineralization rates in arid and semi-arid grasslands
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Hydrothermal conditions modulate the impact of climate extremes on vegetation growth in the Northern Hemisphere
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong></p> <p>Climate extremes are becoming more frequent under global warming, with substantial repercussions for vegetation growth. The degree to which climate extremes increase the risk of high-impact events on vegetation growth is of high concern.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Northern Hemisphere (north of 30° N)<span>.</span></p> <p><strong>Time Period</strong></p> <p><span>F</span>rom 2001 to 2022<span>.</span></p> <p><strong>Major Taxa Studied</strong></p> <p><span>P</span><span>l</span><span>ants</span><span>.</span></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p><span>W</span>e utilized solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as proxies for vegetation growth and performed event coincidence and sensitivity analyses to attribute satellite-derived vegetation growth extremes to diverse climate extremes (extreme heat, cold, wet, and drought) in the Northern Hemisphere.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Our results showed that extreme heat and cold were the main climatic extremes that induced positive and negative vegetation growth extremes north of 30° N, respectively, mainly in cold and humid ecosystems (boreal and temperate forests). Water-related extreme events accounted for less than one-third of vegetation extremes. The contribution of drought to positive vegetation growth extreme events (approximately 17%), mainly in cold and humid ecosystems, was even slightly higher than that of extreme wet (approximately 12%), which predominantly impacted relatively warm and arid ecosystems (croplands and temperate grasslands). We further identified potential climatic thresholds that could induce a reversal of vegetation growth responses to climate extremes and showed that the past <span>two</span> decades of warming and precipitation changes did not induce a shift in the main climatic drivers of vegetation extremes across northern ecosystems.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Our results emphasize the crucial role of background hydrothermal conditions in the attribution of vegetation growth extremes to diverse climate extremes across northern ecosystems and have substantial implications for predicting how Northern Hemisphere vegetation will respond to increasing climate extremes in the future.</p>
Data from "Impact-induced hydrothermal conditions in complex craters on Mars"
<p>Supplementary materials for the paper "Impact-induced hydrothermal conditions in complex craters on Mars". It includes iSALE input files for simulations presented in Figures 1, 2, 5, S1, S2, S3, and S4. It also includes select data processing and plotting files. Refer to readme.txt file for instructions.</p>
Dataset for the study of "Seismic fault slip at depths simulated by high-velocity friction experiments under hydrothermal conditions"
<p>These are measured data of high-velocity friction experiments conducted on gabbro and marble under hydrothermal conditions (initial ambient temperature of 40 to 400 degC and pore pressure of 30 MPa). </p> <p>In each txt file, Column1 to Column9: Time (s), Slip Velocity (m/s), Displacement (m), Friction coefficient, Axial Displacement (mm), Pore water pressure (MPa), Effective normal stress (MPa), Sample Temperature (degC) and Furnace Temperature (degC).</p>
Hydrothermal carbonization of vegetable-tanned leather shavings (HTC-VTS) for environmental remediation: optimization of process conditions
<p><span>Herein, the response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to study simultaneously the effects of carbonization temperature, residence time, and moisture content on the activated hydrochar preparation-based vegetable-tanned leather shavings (VTS) using hydrothermal carbonization method (HTC). Owing to the desirability chosen, three responses were analysed, namely: the hydrochar yield, iodine, and methylene blue numbers. The analysis of experimental results revealed that the hydrochar yield was decreased with an increase in carbonization temperature which led to micropores formation inside the hydrochar network. The optimal preparation conditions retained were: 83.10%, 390.44 mg/g, and 259.63 mg/g for the hydrochar yield, iodine, and methylene blue number respectively. The hydrochar micrograph showed the presence of external pores, whereas the FTIR analysis recorded the presence of acidic functional groups found on hydrochar surface. The findings revealed that the VTS is a good precursor for the hydrochar preparation useful in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in aqueous media. </span></p>
Hydrothermal carbonization of vegetable-tanned leather shavings (HTC-VTS) for environmental remediation: optimization of process conditions
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Data from: Frictional stability of metamorphic epidote in granitoid faults under hydrothermal conditions and implications for injection-induced seismicity
<p>The effect of low-grade metamorphic epidote on fault stability in granitoids at shallow depth is not well understood. We present structured laboratory observations of epidote and simulated Pohang granodiorite (an EGS site) gouges and mixtures to evaluate their frictional responses. The experiments were performed on powdered rock gouges at a constant confining pressure of 110 <i>MPa</i>, pore fluid pressures of 42 and 63 <i>MPa</i>, temperatures of 100-250℃ and epidote percentages in the range of 0-100 <i>vol</i>.%. Results show that the simulated Pohang granodiorite gouge is frictionally strong (friction coefficient of ~0.71) but exhibits a transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening behavior at <i>in-situ</i> temperatures >150℃. Epidote gouge displays similar frictional strength to the simulated granodiorite gouge but a stronger velocity-weakening response at 150℃. Increasing the epidote content in the homogeneously mixed gouges maintains the high frictional strength but increases velocity-weakening response approximately proportionately with epidote content. Modes of epidote precipitation likely control patch dimension and this in turn potentially changes the response of the 50:50 epidote-granodiorite mixed gouges in different geometric configurations. However, 50:50 mixtures that are variously homogeneously mixed, encapsulated and checkerboarded in their architectures are insensitive to their various geometries – all reflect the high frictional strength and strong velocity-weakening response of 100:0 pure epidote. This suggests that small volume percentages of epidote present as thin coatings on fractures and faults can impart velocity-weakening behavior, independent of individual patch size and can thereby support the potential seismic reactivation of faults. Considering the frictional and stability properties of epidote at conditions typical of shallow depths, the presence of low-grade metamorphism exerts a potentially important control on fault stability in granitoids with relevance as a marker mineral for susceptibility to injection-induced seismicity.</p>
Data from: Frictional stability of metamorphic epidote in granitoid faults under hydrothermal conditions and implications for injection-induced seismicity
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