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27 results for “Hymenophyllales”
Fig. 5 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 5. Western Indian Ocean Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium, illustrating morphological resemblance of taxa which are difficult to distinguish (see text). A. Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. from Comoros, firstly identified as H. polyanthos (Sw.) Sw. (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6864, P00312328). B. Hymenophyllum capense Schrad. from Madagascar, initially identified as H. fumarioides Bory ex Willd. (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6121, P00212664). C. Syntype of Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. from Tanzania (B200092782). D. Hymenophyllum inaequale (Poir.) Desv., representative specimen from La Réunion (L.Bauret 190, P).
Fig. 2 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 2. Illustration of representative descriptors and states used in the Xper database (see Appendix 1). A. Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Sw., typical bilabiate sori (S) without a developed base, fully hairy lamina with pedunculated brown trichomes (see inset). B. Didymoglossum robinsonii (Hook. ex Baker) Copel., false veins (FV) parallel but not connected to true veins (TV) and marginal dark trichomes clustered here by 6 (see inset). C. Crepidomanes inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux, typical trichomanoid sori (S) with a developed tubular base, lips are here dilated as a collar. D. Didymoglossum rotundifolium (Bonap.) J.P.Roux, false veins (FV) parallel but not connected to true veins (TV) and continuous submarginal false vein (smFV), here the one-cell thick lamina appears well translucent. E. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel., false veins more or less continuous and parallel to margins (mFV) and not connected to true veins (TV). F. Hymenophyllum sibthorpioides (Bory ex Willd.) Mett. ex Kuhn, bilabiate sori (S) with toothed margins. Photographs by A.H. Saïd.
Fig. 4. Terrestrial Comorian Hymenophyllaceae. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 4. Terrestrial Comorian Hymenophyllaceae. A. Abrodictyum pseudorigidum Bauret & Dubuisson, first identified as A. rigidum (Sw.) Ebihara & Dubuisson, (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6771, P00312031). B. Trichomanes boivinii Bosch, new for the archipelago according to the last inventories (as discussed in text) (F.Rakotondrainibe et al. 6675, P00311390). Scale bar for both species = 3 cm.
Fig. 3 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 3. Representative Comorian Hymenophyllaceae as observed in situ in rainforests (here from Grande Comore or Mohéli). A. Endemic Didymoglossum kirkii (Hook.) Ebihara & Dubuisson (G.Rouhan et al. 925, P00684886). B. Hymenophyllum sibthorpioides (Bory ex Willd.) Mett. ex Kuhn (G.Rouhan et al. 888, P02439806). C. Didymoglossum hildebrandtii (Kuhn) Ebihara & Dubuisson (M.Pignal et al. 3456, P02439793). D. Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr. (G.Rouhan 897, P02439807). E. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel. (G.Rouhan et al. 882, P02439805). F. Hymenophyllum hirsutum (L.) Sw. (M.Pignal et al. 3487, P02439796). Photographs by G. Rouhan. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Fig. 1 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Comoros
Fig. 1. Location of the Comoros archipelago in the western Indian Ocean; close-up on the four islands in grey inset; islands in white form the Union of Comoros, Mayotte in grey is a French overseas department.
FIGURE 12. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 12. A. Didymoglossum barklyanum (Baker) J.P.Roux, as lithophyte (Mauritius, 'Vallée d'Osterlog'). B. D. lorencei (Tardieu) Ebihara & Dubuisson, as lithophyte (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). C. D. lorencei, detail of frond with marginal trichomes (photographs. A–C: J.-Y. Dubuisson; D: J.-M. Tamon).
FIGURE 15. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 15. A. Hymenophyllum capillare Desv., typical form, as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Forêt de Bon Accueil, Les Makes'). B. H. capillare, typical form, detail of fronds. C. H. capillare f. nanum Hennequin & Dubuisson, f. nov., as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Pitons Mare à Boue'). D. H. capillare f. nanum, habit, type individual, scale = 0.5 cm (La Réunion, 'Forêt de Bon Accueil, Les Makes', J.-Y. Dubuisson & L. Bauret HR 2016-10, P). E. H. digitatum (Sw.) Forsberg, as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Forêt de Bon Accueil, Les Makes'). F. H. digitatum, detail of laminar margin showing minute dark trichomes. G. H. digitatum, detail of fronds and sori with tubular bases (s) (photographs. A–B: L. Bauret; C–G: J.-Y. Dubuisson).
FIGURE 9. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 9. A. Crepidomanes fallax (Christ) Ebihara & Dubuisson, as lithophyte on wet rock (La Réunion, 'Rivière des Marsouins'). B. C. fallax, habit (from Madagascar, F. Rakotondrainibe 6467, P00248564). C. C. frappieri (Cordem.) J.P.Roux, covering a rock in a wet ravine (La Réunion, 'Ravine Rivière Ste Anne'). D. C. frappieri, habit, type specimen (Bédier s.n., P00477825). E. C. frappieri, detail of long branched rhizome trichomes. F. C. frappieri, detail of sori (photographs. A, C & F: J.-M. Tamon).
FIGURE 18. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 18. A. Polyphlebium diaphanum (Kunth) Ebihara & Dubuisson, as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Forêt de Bon Accueil, Les Makes'). B. P. diaphanum, detail of a frond and sori. C. Vandenboschia gigantea (Bory ex Willd.) Pic.Serm., climbing on a tree trunk (La Réunion, 'Mare Longue'). D. V. gigantea, terrestrial parts (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). E. V. gigantea, detail of a long-creeping climbing rhizome (photographs. A: L. Bauret; B–E: J.-Y. Dubuisson).
FIGURE 19 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 19. Importance of gametophyte ecology and biology for the sporophyte settlement on distant islands according to Dassler & Farrar's (2001) hypothesis. The long-lived and colonial epiphytic gametophytes (above) would have the possibilities to realize fertilization many seasons/years (T) after the spore germination, whereas short-lived and non-colonial terrestrial gametophytes (below) would fail in realizing the fertilization if they are not close enough, and die at the end of the season (red crosses). Hence, the epiphytic taxa with longlived and colonial gametophytes would have a higher probability of establishment than terrestrial taxa. Hymenophyllaceae and the genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) illustrate such contrasts in the Mascarene archipelago, explaining the difference in the level of endemicity (see text for an in-depth discussion).
FIGURE 7 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 7. Abrodictyum tamarisciforme (Jacq.) Ebihara & Dubuisson. A. A dense population of many individuals covering a trunk (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). B. Single individual as epiphytic on a tree-fern trunk, which is also covered here by Didymoglossum cuspidatum (La Réunion, 'Mare Longue'). C. Lithophytic individual, the little individual at the bottom right is A. parviflorum (Poir.) Bauret & Dubuisson (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). D. Detail of segments with typical distinct marginal row of cells (mc) (photographs. A, C: J.-Y. Dubuisson; B: C. Chaussidon; D: L. Bauret).
FIGURE 6 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 6. Abrodictyum parviflorum (Poir.) Bauret & Dubuisson. A. typical habit, here as terrestrial (La Réunion, 'Mare Longue'). B. Brush-like 'meifolium' form (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). C. Plane 'parviflorum' form (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). D. Detail of subcapillary ultimate segments and sori (photographs. A: C. Chaussidon; B, D: L. Bauret; C: J.-Y. Dubuisson).
FIGURE 5 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Hymenophyllaceae species richness in relation to elevations, here on the windward side of La Réunion and on Mauritius (data are reported in Appendices 1 & 2). The range of each taxon is assumed to correspond to the range between the minimum and the maximum elevation at which they have been observed, even if the taxon has not been observed in all intermediate localities between such limits.
FIGURE 14. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 14. A. Hymenophyllum fumarioides Bory ex. Willd, as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Mare Longue'). B. H. fumarioides, detail of curled/crisped segments and sori with toothed margins. C. H. peltatum (Poir.) Desv., as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Pitons Mare à Boue'). D. H. peltatum, detail of toothed/serrulate laminar margins. E. H. sibthorpioides (Bory ex Willd.) Mett. ex Kuhn, as epiphytic (La Réunion, 'Vallée Heureuse'). F. H. sibthorpioides, fertile frond and sori with toothed margins (photographs. A, E: C. Chaussidon; B, F: L. Bauret; C: J.-Y. Dubuisson; D: J.-M. Tamon).
FIGURE 4. Mauritian ecosystems. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 4. Mauritian ecosystems. A. Lowland Sapotaceae rainforest, here invaded by the exotic Malagasy traveller's trees Ravenala madagascariensis (Strelitziaceae) ('Vallée d'Osterlog' forest, ~260 m). B. 'Pétrin' locality showing particular habitat with thickets of the endemic Erica brachyphylla (Ericaceae) (~670 m) (photographs by J.-Y. Dubuisson).
FIGURE 11 in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 11. Crepidomanes trinerve (Baker) Dubuisson & Ebihara. A. As lithophyte in a wet ravine of the western side of La Réunion ('Les Canots'; photograph by J.-M. Tamon). B. Habit (from Comores, F. Rakotondrainibe 6651, P00310478; modified from Dubuisson et al. 2013).
FIGURE 3. Particular Mascarenan ecosystems. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 3. Particular Mascarenan ecosystems. A. Hyperhumid montane 'Avoune' vegetation dominated by the endemic Erica reunionensis (Ericaceae), with most trunks and branches fully covered by epiphytes (liverworts, mosses, peat mosses, lycopods and ferns, especially here Hymenophyllum capillare and H. inaequale, and orchids) (La Réunion, 'Pitons Mare à Boue', ~1,600 m). B. Montane 'Tamarinaie' dominated by endemic Acacia heterophylla (Fabaceae), showing as for 'Avoune' tree-trunks and branches fully covered by epiphytes, including here H. inaequale (La Réunion, 'Bélouve', ~1,520 m). C. Remnant of leeward lowland semi-dry forest (La Réunion, 'Ilet Solitude', ~550 m). D. Typical wet ravines that host lithophytic Hymenophyllaceae on the wet and shaded rocks close to streams and waterfalls. (photographs. A: J.-Y. Dubuisson; B–C: J.-M. Tamon; D: A. Mercier).
FIGURE 8. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 8. A. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Poir.) Copel., as epiphyte on a tree-trunk (Mauritius, 'Bar le Duc'). B. C. bipunctatum, detail of segments with false veins parallel to the margins (fv). C. C. bipunctatum, sori (s) with triangular lips. D. C. bonapartei (C.Chr.) J.P.Roux, as lithophyte on wet rock (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). E. C. bonapartei, detail of subsessile or short-stipitate fronds and one sorus (photographs. A: J.-Y. Dubuisson; B–C: L. Bauret; D–E: E. Grangaud).
FIGURE 2. Wet Mascarenan ecosystems. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 2. Wet Mascarenan ecosystems. A. Lowland windward rainforest dominated by Sapotaceae trees, showing the understory with numerous low epiphytic and terrestrial free-sporing plants (liverworts, mosses, ferns, lycopods and spikemosses) and a few herbaceous angiosperms (especially orchids) (La Réunion, 'Mare Longue' forest, ~450 m). B. Montane rainforest dominated by Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae) trees and Alsophila spp. tree-ferns (Cyatheaceae) as emergents from the canopy (La Réunion, 'Cassé de Takamaka, Bébour', 1,100–1,200 m). C. Montane ericoid thickets (La Réunion, 'Enclos du Piton de la Fournaise', ~2,200 m). (Photographs. A, C: C. Chaussidon; B: J.-M. Tamon).
FIGURE 10. A in Disentangling the diversity and taxonomy of Hymenophyllaceae (Hymenophyllales, Polypodiidae) in the Mascarene archipelago, with ecological implications
FIGURE 10. A. Crepidomanes inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux var. inopinatum, as lithophyte (La Réunion, 'Petite Plaine'). B. C. inopinatum var. tamonii Y.Robert & Dubuisson, habit (Y. Robert 913, P02433924). C. C. minutum (Blume) K.Iwats. var. minutum, as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Bébour'). D. C. minutum var. minutum, frond with long terete wingless stipe. E. C. minutum var. minutum, showing stipe proliferation, scale = 1 cm (from Madagascar, F. Rakotondrainibe 3698, P00085267). F. C. minutum var. mascarenense Pynee & Dubuisson, as epiphyte (La Réunion, 'Grand Etang'). G. C. minutum var. mascarenense, detail of fronds with short stipes. (photographs. A: J.-Y. Dubuisson; C–D: C. Chaussidon; F–G: E. Grangaud).
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