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45 results for “Hypochilidae”
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
<p>The spider genus <em>Hypochilus</em> is a relictual lineage of Nearctic species distributed disjunctly across the United States in three montane regions (California, southern Rocky Mountains, southern Appalachia). Phylogenetic resolution of species relationships in <em>Hypochilus</em> has been challenging, with different data types recovering sometimes conflicting topologies. Furthermore, conserved morphology coupled with extreme genetic divergence and paraphyletic topologies at the species level has led to uncertain species limits in some complexes. Using a combination of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), mitochondrial CO1 by-catch, and studies of morphology, we have reconstructed <em>Hypochilus</em> interspecies relationships and have more critically evaluated the possibility of cryptic species in California and in southern Appalachia. Phylogenomic data from hundreds of nuclear loci strongly support the monophyly of regional clades, and furthermore support a ((California, Appalachia), southern Rocky Mountains)) topology. We hypothesize late Cenozoic age divergences in North America, but acknowledge that more research is needed to reliably date divergences in this genus. Within the southern Appalachian fauna, five species are resolved as four lineages (<em>H. thorelli</em> Marx, 1888 and <em>H. coylei</em> Platnick, 1987 are clearly sister taxa), but the interrelationships of these four lineages remain unresolved despite phylogenomic-scale data. The Appalachian species <em>H. pococki</em> Platnick, 1987 is recovered as monophyletic, which differs from prior mitochondrial evidence, but is clearly highly genetically structured at the nuclear level. Although algorithmic analyses of the nuclear data indicate many species (e.g., all populations as species), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surveys of male morphology instead reveal striking morphological stasis, clearly illustrating the cryptic species problem. Within the California clade, nuclear and mitochondrial lineages of <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> Gertsch, 1958 correspond directly to drainage basins of the southern Sierra Nevada, with <em>H. bernardino</em> Catley, 1994 nested within <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> and sister to the southernmost basin populations. Again, algorithmic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial data suggest many species, but we take a more conservative approach, allowing for population genetic structure within species. Combining nuclear, mitochondrial, geographic and morphological evidence we describe a new species from the Tule River and Cedar Creek drainages, <em>Hypochilus</em> <em>xomote</em> sp. nov. We also emphasize the conservation issues that face several microendemic, habitat-specialized species in this remarkable genus.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
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FIGURE 18 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 18. Female genitalia of Ectatosticta, dorsal view. A. E. rulai Lin & Li, 2021; B. E. shennongjiaensis sp. nov.; C. E. songpanensis sp. nov.; D. E. wukong Lin & Li, 2020; E. E. xuanzang Lin & Li, 2020; F. E. yukuni Lin & Li, 2021. Abbreviations: DS, dorsal spermathecae; VS, ventral spermathecae.
FIGURE 16 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 16. Cymbium apophysis of Ectatosticta left male palp, prolateral view. A. E. bajie Lin & Li, 2021; B. E. davidi (Simon, 1889); C. E. deltshevi Platnick & Jäger, 2009; D. E. nyingchiensis sp. nov.; E. E. pingwuensis sp. nov.; F–G. E. rulai Lin & Li, 2021 (F from Jiuzhaigou, G from Wanglang); H. E. shennongjiaensis sp. nov.; I. E. songpanensis sp. nov.; J. E. wukong Lin & Li, 2020; K. E. yukuni Lin & Li, 2021. Abbreviations: CL, cymbial lobe; TS, thickened setae.
FIGURE 15 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 15. Embolus and conductor of Ectatosticta left male palp, retrolateral view. A. E. bajie Lin & Li, 2021; B. E. davidi (Simon, 1889); C. E. deltshevi Platnick & Jäger, 2009; D. E. nyingchiensis sp. nov.; E. E. pingwuensis sp. nov.; F–G. E. rulai Lin & Li, 2021 (F from Jiuzhaigou, G from Wanglang); H. E. shennongjiaensis sp. nov.; I. E. songpanensis sp. nov.; J. E. wukong Lin & Li, 2020; K. E. yukuni Lin & Li, 2021. Abbreviations: Co, conductor; Em, embolus.
FIGURE 14. Ectatosticta yukuni Lin & Li, 2021. A in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 14. Ectatosticta yukuni Lin & Li, 2021. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 13. Ectatosticta wukong Lin & Li, 2020. A in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 13. Ectatosticta wukong Lin & Li, 2020. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 17 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 17. Female genitalia of Ectatosticta, dorsal view. A. E. bajie Lin & Li, 2021; B–C. E. davidi (Simon, 1889); D. E. deltshevi Platnick & Jäger, 2009; E. E. nyingchiensis sp. nov.; F. E. pingwuensis sp. nov.. Abbreviations: DS, dorsal spermathecae; VS, ventral spermathecae.
FIGURE 5. Ectatosticta bajie Lin & Li, 2021. A in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 5. Ectatosticta bajie Lin & Li, 2021. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 9 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 9. Ectatosticta pingwuensis sp. nov. male holotype. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 2 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 2. Photos of living specimens of Ectatosticta. E. rulai Lin & Li, 2021 (A–B, male; C, female; D, web);
FIGURE 11 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 11. Ectatosticta shennongjiaensis sp. nov. male holotype. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 4 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 4. Photos of living specimens of Ectatosticta. A–D. E. wukong (A, male; B–C, female; D, web); E–F. yukuni Lin & Li, 2021, female.
FIGURE 1 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 1. Photos of living specimens of Ectatosticta. A–E. E. davidi (A, male; B–D, female; E, egg sac); F. E. deltshevi, female.
FIGURE 8 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 8. Ectatosticta nyingchiensis sp. nov. male holotype. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 3 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 3. Photos of living specimens of Ectatosticta. A. E. pingwuensis, male holotype; B–C. E. shennongjiaensis (B, male holotype; C, female paratype); D–F. E. songpanensis (D, male holotype; E–F, female paratype; D–E from Shanba Township; F from Chuanzhusi Town).
FIGURE 7 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 7. Ectatosticta deltshevi Platnick & Jäger, 2009. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 12 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 12. Ectatosticta songpanensis sp. nov. male holotype. A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view.
FIGURE 6 in Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China
FIGURE 6. Ectatosticta davidi (Simon, 1889). A. Left male palp, apex of tarsus with bulb, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CL, cymbial lobe; Co, conductor; Em, embolus; TS, thickened setae.
Figure 7 from: Lin Y, Li S (2020) Taxonomic studies on the genus Ectatosticta (Araneae, Hypochilidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 954: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.52254
Figure 7 Photos of live Ectatosticta spp. AE. deltshevi, female from Qinghai BE. deltshevi and web CE. xuanzang sp. nov., holotype from Tibet DE. xuanzang and web E Egg sac F A typical web of Ectatosticta. Egg sac marked with green arrow, spider marked with red arrow and assembled nymphs marked with yellow rectangle.
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