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18 results for “Hypochilus”
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
<p>The spider genus <em>Hypochilus</em> is a relictual lineage of Nearctic species distributed disjunctly across the United States in three montane regions (California, southern Rocky Mountains, southern Appalachia). Phylogenetic resolution of species relationships in <em>Hypochilus</em> has been challenging, with different data types recovering sometimes conflicting topologies. Furthermore, conserved morphology coupled with extreme genetic divergence and paraphyletic topologies at the species level has led to uncertain species limits in some complexes. Using a combination of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), mitochondrial CO1 by-catch, and studies of morphology, we have reconstructed <em>Hypochilus</em> interspecies relationships and have more critically evaluated the possibility of cryptic species in California and in southern Appalachia. Phylogenomic data from hundreds of nuclear loci strongly support the monophyly of regional clades, and furthermore support a ((California, Appalachia), southern Rocky Mountains)) topology. We hypothesize late Cenozoic age divergences in North America, but acknowledge that more research is needed to reliably date divergences in this genus. Within the southern Appalachian fauna, five species are resolved as four lineages (<em>H. thorelli</em> Marx, 1888 and <em>H. coylei</em> Platnick, 1987 are clearly sister taxa), but the interrelationships of these four lineages remain unresolved despite phylogenomic-scale data. The Appalachian species <em>H. pococki</em> Platnick, 1987 is recovered as monophyletic, which differs from prior mitochondrial evidence, but is clearly highly genetically structured at the nuclear level. Although algorithmic analyses of the nuclear data indicate many species (e.g., all populations as species), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surveys of male morphology instead reveal striking morphological stasis, clearly illustrating the cryptic species problem. Within the California clade, nuclear and mitochondrial lineages of <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> Gertsch, 1958 correspond directly to drainage basins of the southern Sierra Nevada, with <em>H. bernardino</em> Catley, 1994 nested within <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> and sister to the southernmost basin populations. Again, algorithmic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial data suggest many species, but we take a more conservative approach, allowing for population genetic structure within species. Combining nuclear, mitochondrial, geographic and morphological evidence we describe a new species from the Tule River and Cedar Creek drainages, <em>Hypochilus</em> <em>xomote</em> sp. nov. We also emphasize the conservation issues that face several microendemic, habitat-specialized species in this remarkable genus.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary material 2 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Appendix II
Figure 8 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 8 H. pococki male palp comparison, retrolateral views. NE lineageA Green Mtn (MCH 01_162) B Boone Fork (MCH 01_159); ELK lineageC Elk River (MCH 01_155) D Linville Gorge (MCH 01_165); VA lineageE Cliff Mtn (MCH 04_028) F Guest River (MCH 04_027); CENT lineageG Hickory (MCH 01_144) H Wagon Road Gap (MCH 01_181); WEST lineageI Alarka (MCH 02_168) J Starr Mtn (MCH 02_156) K Backbone Rock (MCH 04_025) L Chunky Gal Mtn (MCH 02_142). Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 9 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 9 Southern Sierra Nevada topography map with genetic and morphological sample locations (see Suppl. material 1 and Suppl. material 2). Geographic gaps and other notable geographic features mentioned in the text are highlighted.
Figure 7 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 7 H. pococki male palp comparison, prolateral views. NE lineageA Green Mtn (MCH 01_162) B Boone Fork (MCH 01_159); ELK lineageC Elk River (MCH 01_155) D Linville Gorge (MCH 01_165); VA lineageE Cliff Mtn (MCH 04_028) F Guest River (MCH 04_027); CENT lineageG Hickory (MCH 01_144) H Wagon Road Gap (MCH 01_181); WEST lineageI Alarka (MCH 02_168) J Starr Mtn (MCH 02_156) K Backbone Rock (MCH 04_025) L Chunky Gal Mtn (MCH 02_142). Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 5 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 5 Maximum likelihood mitochondrial tree. Black circles designate clusters of sequences collapsed as the same species in multi-threshold GMYC analyses; all other branches supported as separate species (e.g., n = 13 for multi-threshold model). Inset – K2P distances within and among primary mitochondrial lineages.
Figure 3 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 3 Concordance Factor values. Phylogeny reconstructed from partitioned RAxML analysis of "filtered and trimmed" UCE matrix, with gCF / sCF values. The lowest gCF and sCF values, for two unresolved nodes which collapse to a four lineage polytomy within the Appalachian clade, are highlighted by red text.
Figure 2 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 2 UCE phylogeny. Phylogeny reconstructed from partitioned RAxML analysis of "filtered and trimmed" UCE matrix. Bootstrap support values are 100 for all nodes unless otherwise indicated; second support values from IQ-TREE. Inset – SVDquartets UCE tree with bootstrap support values less than 95 shown.
Figure 4 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 4 UCE STRUCTURE results, with optimal and suboptimal K clusters shown in relation to UCE RAxML phylogeny and geography. For H. pococki, the distribution of mitochondrial "microclades" follows Keith and Hedin (2012).
Figure 6 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 6 H. pococki male palp (conductor) comparison. For each specimen, left panel = prolateral view, right panel = retrolateral view. NE lineageA, B Green Mtn (MCH 01_162) C, D Boone Fork (MCH 01_159); ELK lineageE, F Elk River (MCH 01_155) G, H Linville Gorge (MCH 01_165). Shorter secondary coil for ELK specimens highlighted by arrows; VA lineageI, J Cliff Mtn (MCH 04_028) K, L Guest River (MCH 04_027); CENT lineageM, N Hickory (MCH 01_144) O, P Wagon Road Gap (MCH 01_181); WEST lineageQ, R Alarka (MCH 02_168) S, T Starr Mtn (MCH 02_156) U, V Backbone Rock (MCH 04_025) W, X Chunky Gal Mtn (MCH 02_142). Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 14 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 14 Habitat, web, and live specimen digital images for H. xomote. From Kern County, vicinity Alder Creek campground, along Cedar Creek, 5–6 Sept 2020 (see Suppl. material 2) A large S-facing granite boulder, on the north side of Cedar Creek. Spider aggregations found in shaded areas, at white arrow B web of an adult female C image of live adult female D image of live adult male.
Figure 13 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 13 Comparative female spermathecal morphology for California taxa. H. bernardinoA Foresee Creek (SDSU_G2893); H. petrunkevitchiYOSE lineage B Yosemite (SDSU_G2564); H. xomoteC Jenny Creek (SDSU_G2477) D Windy Creek (SDSU_G2465) E Belknap Creek (SDSU_G2296) F Alder Creek (SDSU_G2601); H. petrunkevitchiKAW lineage G Ladybug Trail (SDSU_G2275) H Mineral King Road (SDSU_G2485); H. petrunkevitchi KINGS lineage I Mill Creek (SDSU_G2543) J Providence Creek (SDSU_G2508); H. petrunkevitchiSAN lineage K Snowslide Creek (SDSU_G2557) L Balsam Creek (SDSU_G2415). Scale bars shown for select specimens. Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 10 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 10 California taxa male palp (conductor) comparison. For each specimen, left panel = prolateral view, right panel = retrolateral view. H. bernardinoA, B Mtn Home (SDSU_G2931) C, D Mtn Home (SDSU_G2932); H. xomoteE, F Alder Creek (SDSU_G2600) G, H Tule River (SDSU_G2289); H. petrunkevitchi KINGS lineage I, J Mill Flat (SDSU_G2554); H. petrunkevitchiKAW lineage K, L Mineral King Road (SDSU_TAC000192); H. petrunkevitchiYOSE lineage M, N Yosemite (SDSU_G2568); H. kastoniO, P Ney Springs (SDSU_TAC000191). Distal conductor apophysis highlighted by arrows. Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Figure 1 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 1 Distribution of the three geographic groups of Hypochilus in the mountains of California, the Rocky Mountains, and the southern Appalachians. Regional insets show the sampling locations of forty-three Hypochilus specimens used in genetic analyses; Appalachian species represented by different symbols.
Figure 11 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 11 California taxa male palp comparison, prolateral views. H. kastoniA Ney Springs (SDSU_TAC000191); H. bernardinoB Mtn Home (SDSU_G2931) C Mtn Home (SDSU_G2932); H. xomoteD Tule River (SDSU_G2289) E Alder Creek (SDSU_G2600) F Belknap Springs (SDSU_G2300); H. petrunkevitchi KINGS lineage G Mill Flat (SDSU_G2554); H. petrunkevitchiKAW lineage H Mineral King Road (SDSU_TAC000192); H. petrunkevitchiYOSE lineage I Yosemite (SDSU_G2568). Median apophysis highlighted by arrows. For specimens E and I the bulb has rotated during specimen prep; these two images are retrolateral views, subsequently flipped in Photoshop. Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
Supplementary material 1 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Appendix I
Figure 12 from: Ciaccio E, Debray A, Hedin M (2022) Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with the description of a new species from montane California. ZooKeys 1086: 163-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.77190
Figure 12 California taxa male palp comparison, retrolateral views. H. kastoniA Ney Springs (SDSU_TAC000191); H. bernardinoB Mtn Home (SDSU_G2931) C Mtn Home (SDSU_G2932); H. xomoteD Tule River (SDSU_G2289) E Alder Creek (SDSU_G2600) F Belknap Creek (SDSU_G2300); H. petrunkevitchi KINGS lineage G Mill Flat (SDSU_G2554); H. petrunkevitchiKAW lineage H Mineral King Road (SDSU_TAC000192); H. petrunkevitchiYOSE lineage I Yosemite (SDSU_G2568). For specimens E and I the bulb has rotated during specimen prep; these two images are prolateral views, subsequently flipped in Photoshop. Detailed specimen information provided in Suppl. material 2.
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