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Fig. 4 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 4. Map of southeastern Brazil showing type locality of Hypostomus yaku, rio Quente, tributary of rio Piracanjuba, rio Paranaíba drainage, upper rio Paraná basin (1 - rio Paranaíba; 2 - rio Grande; 3 - rio Tietê; 4 - rio Paranapanema; 5 - rio Paraná).

Fig. 2 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 2. Detail of the hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral plates of the posterior portion of caudal peduncle in dorsal and lateral views, DZSJRP 15735, holotype, 70.8 mm SL.

Fig. 3 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 3. Dentary teeth from the same specimen of Hypostomus yaku, paratype, DZSJRP 16421, 60.5 mm SL, showing the different size of the medial cuspid according to time of emergence. a) new emerging tooth; b) worn tooth. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Fig. 1. Hypostomus yaku, holotype, DZSJRP 15735, 70.8 mm SL, rio Quente, rio Paranaíba drainage, upper rio Paraná basin, Rio Quente, Goiás State, Brazil.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of armored catfish of the genus Scobinancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

FIGURE 6 | Underwater photography at the exact same locality in Gorgulho da Rita. Above, October 2015, showing a rapids' habitat with high tridimensional complexity occupied by several species of fish (on the picture: Teleocichla preta, Leporinus tigrinus, Hypomasticus julii). Below, October 2017, same spot after Belo Monte Dam implementation showing that the absence of current promoted siltation and the disappearance of rheophilic species from the area. Photos: Leandro M. Sousa

FIGURE 5 in A new species of armored catfish of the genus Scobinancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

FIGURE 5 | Scobinancistrus raonii hiding underneath its preferred microhabitat: conglomerate plates of gravel and iron oxide. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of armored catfish of the genus Scobinancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

FIGURE 4 | Partial map of the Xingu River, showing the distribution of Scobinancistrus raonii (yellow circles). Black circle indicates type locality. Shaded area indicates the Impact Zone of the Belo Monte Dam Complex. Dark blue stretch of the river represents the dammed area. Red stretch indicates the reduced flow impacted area.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of armored catfish of the genus Scobinancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

FIGURE 3 | Photo in ventral view of the mouth of Scobinancistrus raonii, INPA 40512, paratype, 80.9 mm SL. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of armored catfish of the genus Scobinancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

FIGURE 2 | Lateral view of live specimens of Scobinancistrus raonii, Brazil, Pará, Xingu River, Volta Grande do Xingu. Paratypes: INPA 40512, 80.9 mm SL, juvenile (above); LIA 5054, 94.4 mm SL, subadult (middle); ANSP 194989, 120.8 mm SL, adult (below). Photos: Leandro M. Sousa (juvenile and subadult) and Mark H. Sabaj (adult).

FIGURE 1 in A new species of armored catfish of the genus Scobinancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from the Xingu River basin, Brazil

FIGURE 1 | Lateral, dorsal and ventral views of Scobinancistrus raonii, INPA 59493, holotype, 99.6 mm SL, Senador José Porfírio, Xingu River, ca. 3.5 km downstream from BR-230. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Taxonomic revision of Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker (Loricariidae: Hypostominae: Ancistrini), with description of three new species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Taxonomic revision of Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker (Loricariidae: Hypostominae: Ancistrini), with description of three new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/10c0936c-f405-4c8d-b34b-9c825f2683a5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/10c0936c-f405-4c8d-b34b-9c825f2683a5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/10c0936c-f405-4c8d-b34b-9c825f2683a5">https://gbif.org/dataset/10c0936c-f405-4c8d-b34b-9c825f2683a5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Figure 40 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 40. Examples of the Hypostomini. A, Hypostomus emarginatus 2, INHS 29085; 196.4 mm SL. B, Hypostomus plecostomus (type species of genus), ZMA 105.306, 111.2 mm SL. Photographs by K. S. Cummings.

Figure 39 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 39. Examples of the Hypostomini. A, Hypostomus ammophilus (holotype), INHS 32035, 86.0 mm SL. B, Hypostomus cochliodon, UMMZ 206338, 139.8 mm SL. Photographs by K. S. Cummings.

Figure 38 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 38. Relationships of the taxa within the Ancistrini based on the ordered analysis. This is part of the strict consensus of 5098 most parsimonious trees of trees of 1328 steps, CI = 0.203, remainder of the strict consensus tree is in Figs 36 and 37. Numbers above the branches are clade numbers, numbers below are decay indices. 1Hemiancistrus landoni represents an undescribed genus. 2Oligancistrus is placed in Spectracanthicus. 3Lithoxancistrus is transferred to Pseudancistrus. 4Cordylancistrus platyrhynchus is transferred to Chaetostoma.

Figure 36 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 36. Relationships of Astroblepus, Lithogenes, hypostomine tribes, and the nonhypostomine loricariids based on the ordered analysis. This is part of the strict consensus of 5098 most parsimonious trees of trees of 1328 steps, CI = 0.203, remainder of the consensus tree is in Figs 37 and 38. Numbers above the branches are clade numbers, numbers below are decay indices.

Figure 37 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 37. Relationships of the hypostomine tribes and taxa within the Corymbophanini, the Rhinelepini, the Hypostomini, and the Pterygoplichthini based on the ordered analysis. This is part of the strict consensus of 5098 most parsimonious trees of trees of 1328 steps, CI = 0.203, remainder of the strict consensus tree is in Figs 36 and 38. Numbers above the branches are clade numbers, numbers below are decay indices. 1Aphanotorulus, Cochliodon, and Isorineloricaria are placed in Hypostomus. 2The Hemiancistrus annectens group represents an undescribed genus, Hypostomus panamensis is now placed in Hemiancistrus. 3Glyptoperichthys and Liposarcus are placed in Pterygoplichthys.

Figure 34 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 34. Head, left side, lateral view. A, Hypostomus plecostomoides, INHS 31837, 120.1 mm SL. B, Lasiancistrus sp., INHS 28650, 109.0 mm SL. Drawings by M.H. Sabaj.

Figure 33. Pelvic basipterygium, ventral view. A in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 33. Pelvic basipterygium, ventral view. A, Astroblepus sp., USNM 318209. B, Delturus anguilicauda, USNM 318209. C, Hypostomus plecostomus, ZMA 105.306. D, Kronichthys sp., MZUSP 27545. E, Peckoltia ucayalensis, INHS 40916. F, Pseudorinelepis genibarbis, INHS 39730. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 21 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 21. Anterior process of pterotic-supracleithrum, right side, dorsolateral view. A, Hypostomus unicolor, FMNH 101120. B, Pseudacanthicus leopardus, FMNH 95554. C, Panaque maccus, INHS 29906. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 31 in Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae

Figure 31. Posterior process of coracoid, right side, mesial view. A, Lasiancistrus maracaiboensis, INHS 60465. B, Hypostomus cordovae, UF 82322. C, Hypostomus cf. plecostomus, UF 77909. Scale bars = 1 mm.