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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Synthetic IAM with latent diffusion models

SyntheticHTR: Handwritten Text Image Synthesis based on Latent Diffusion Models

IAM_COMPACT_Study_1_Fit_for_55

This dataset contains the underling raw data of IAM COMPACT "Study 1 - Fit-for-55". This study aims to answer the research question, "how does the implementation of the updated national energy and climate plan compare to the cost-optimal EU plan?" However, due to delays in the release of the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) by EU member states and limitations in the models used to represent specific national policies, this study compares cost-optimal model scenarios to achieve the EU emissions mitigation targets with EU-wide modelling of the Fit-for-55 policy package. The first scenario includes sector-level policies outlined in the Fit-for-55 policy packages, while the second scenario imposes emissions constraints on overall GHG and CO2 emissions without including any sectoral policies, in order to compare the cost-effective measures with sectoral policies. Results of the study have been documented in D4.5 National regional global mitigation pathways (DOI <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.13767329">10.5281/zenodo.13767329</a>)

IAM_COMPACT_Study_2_Energy_security

This dataset contains the underling raw data of IAM COMPACT "Study 2 - Energy security, resilience, flexibility, costs, and environmental indicators in renewable energy systems". This study aims to respond to the research question “Evaluating energy system flexibility, energy security, energy system resilience in baseline, renewable, and cost-optimal scenarios”. It focuses on exploring methods and tools for modelling and comparing future energy systems in form of scenarios and uses a set of parameters to assess flexibility, resilience, costs, prices, etc. in renewable energy scenarios. To cover all the required areas, a comprehensive literature review is carried out so as to define indicators for evaluating renewable energy systems. These indicators are also refined with feedback from policy-makers and stakeholders. Three scenarios were created for the EU: <ul> <li>Baseline 2050, based on current commitments and projections</li> <li>1.5 Tech 2050, assuming ambitious measures to meet with the 1.5ºC increase of the Paris agreement; and</li> <li>Smart Energy Europe 2050, designed with a 100% renewable energy system.  </li> </ul> Results of the study have been documented in D4.9 – European sub-national deep dives (DOI <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.13784964">10.5281/zenodo.13784964</a>)

IAM_COMPACT_Study_4_EU_Industry

This dataset contains the underling raw data of IAM COMPACT "Study 4 - EU Industry". The study started from stakeholders’ questions around relocation of European Industries and associated impacts on costs, sustainability and labour and condensed these into two sub-studies: <ol> <li>The first one analysed the European steel industry and a potential relocation thereof to other world regions because of high energy and CO2 prices in the EU.</li> <li>The second one addressed – in the context of potential re-shoring of critical net-zero technologies to the EU – the raw material demand for upscaling solar and wind technologies in four global regions, including the EU (section 3 of D4.7 (Holtz et al., 2023)).</li> </ol> The first sub-study on the EU steel industry involved the soft-linking of several models to assess the potential impact of different degrees of trade restrictions for steel. Three scenarios are analysed in each of which all countries implement their current climate policies and achieve the GHG emissions reduction targets set in their respective NDCs and in their long-term targets, but different steel-related trade constraints are assumed in the three scenarios: <ul> <li>“NDC_LTT” scenario: no trade restriction</li> <li>“CBAM” scenario: steel imports to the EU are penalized based on their CO2 footprint</li> <li>“INDEPENDENCE” scenario: steel production levels in the EU may not drop below the level of 2019 (which is guaranteed by subsidies provided for steel production)</li> </ul> The second sub-study on raw material demand for upscaling solar and wind technologies builds on the three scenarios of the steel-related study (see above). Results from GCAM on renewables upscaling were used as an input to some modules of WILIAM which allowed to calculate the raw materials demands implied, which were then compared to current annual extraction and the known global reserves. The GCAM model was used to develop scenarios for the steel production in different global regions considering trade and trade restrictions and all other model applications in this study built on these results. The three steel-related scenarios analysed with GCAM all build on the NDC_LTT scenario of study 1 used for the comparison of EU Fit-for-55 policy to a cost-optimal scenario (section 3 of D4.5 (Mittal et al., 2023)). Therefore, all policies included in the NDC_LTT scenario of Study 1 are implicitly included in Study 4 scenarios as well. However, these were not analysed specifically in Study 4. The policy measures explicitly addressed in Study 4 are related to steel trade. Furthermore, the CO2 price resulting from GCAM was used as an input by the WISEE EDM-I bottom-up steel model. <div>Results of the study have been documented in D4.7 - Sectoral and cross-sectoral analysis (DOI <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.13839232">10.5281/zenodo.13839232</a>)</div>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

METHODS FOR PREVENTING SQL INJECTION IN IDENTITY AND ACCESS MANAGEMENT (IAM) SYSTEMS

This paper discusses methods for preventing SQL (Structured Query Language) injections in identity and access control (IAM) systems. SQL injections represent one of the most serious threats to web security, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access to and modify data. The main security methods include filtering input data, using prepared statements and parameterization, implementing stored procedures, restricting access rights, and regularly updating software. Effective privilege management and database activity monitoring also play a key role in preventing attacks. The introduction of these measures helps protect confidential information, ensures reliable authentication and authorization, and maintains data integrity. The paper highlights the importance of an integrated approach to database security in the face of growing cyber threats.

Text-fig. 6. Metacheiromys marshi, AMNH 131777, left petrosal isosurface from CT scans in endocranial view. a – shaded drawing; b – line drawing with labels. Abbreviations: app – apex partis petrosae, cc – cochlear canaliculus, crp – crista petrosa, cs – cerebral surface, iam – internal acoustic meatus, lji – lateral jugular incisure, me – mastoid exposure, mji – medial jugular incisure, saf – subarcuate fossa, sips – sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus, soev – sulcus for occipital emissary vein, sss – sulcus for sigmoid sinus, tc – transverse crest, to ptc – to posttemporal canal, va – vestibular aqueduct. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans

Text-fig. 6. Metacheiromys marshi, AMNH 131777, left petrosal isosurface from CT scans in endocranial view. a – shaded drawing; b – line drawing with labels. Abbreviations: app – apex partis petrosae, cc – cochlear canaliculus, crp – crista petrosa, cs – cerebral surface, iam – internal acoustic meatus, lji – lateral jugular incisure, me – mastoid exposure, mji – medial jugular incisure, saf – subarcuate fossa, sips – sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus, soev – sulcus for occipital emissary vein, sss – sulcus for sigmoid sinus, tc – transverse crest, to ptc – to posttemporal canal, va – vestibular aqueduct.

"I made the recording because Iam an amateur recording engineer and also work for a radio station. At the time, Iwas researching for a religious programme, for the radio and by pure chance and good luck, Iwas in the centre of York at the time the street preacher was there. Iam building up a personal library of 'ambient sounds' to use on various radio shows as 'sound effects'. The recording was taken outside St Helen's Church in St Helen's Square, in the centre of York. There was a fairly large crowd walking about, shopping. It was a Saturday. Some people were standing and listening to the man, some were mocking him, others didn't even notice. It was a sunny day, with a slight wind. St Helen's square is a large 'meeting place' for people with seats, flowers and usually musicians. I live in the centre of York and hear a lot of very interesting sounds there, everything from busking musicians, to many foreign languages, church bells, animals and much more. Ireally liked the recording of the preacher as it is quite clear that he passionately believes what he is saying. He was unaware that Iwas recording him. Iwish Ihad captured his whole sermon. He, and other members of his church visit the centre of York quite often, and preach there. Idon't know the name of his church." [Jools/vedas]19 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"I made the recording because Iam an amateur recording engineer and also work for a radio station. At the time, Iwas researching for a religious programme, for the radio and by pure chance and good luck, Iwas in the centre of York at the time the street preacher was there. Iam building up a personal library of 'ambient sounds' to use on various radio shows as 'sound effects'. The recording was taken outside St Helen's Church in St Helen's Square, in the centre of York. There was a fairly large crowd walking about, shopping. It was a Saturday. Some people were standing and listening to the man, some were mocking him, others didn't even notice. It was a sunny day, with a slight wind. St Helen's square is a large 'meeting place' for people with seats, flowers and usually musicians. I live in the centre of York and hear a lot of very interesting sounds there, everything from busking musicians, to many foreign languages, church bells, animals and much more. Ireally liked the recording of the preacher as it is quite clear that he passionately believes what he is saying. He was unaware that Iwas recording him. Iwish Ihad captured his whole sermon. He, and other members of his church visit the centre of York quite often, and preach there. Idon't know the name of his church." [Jools/vedas]19

"It was recorded on Sunday, morning of the 28th of September as some of the slower runners of the Berlin Marathon made it past Torstrasse near my flat. Iwas out to buy some bread for breakfast, but Iusually bring a camera and my Edirol R-1 recorder whenever Igo out. Since Iwas freshly returned to Berlin Iguess Iwas sensitive to the more antiquated sounds which still survive there, like that of the organ grinder. Iam generally interested in how human beings are replacing the presence of Nature with an artificial environment made entirely by human hands (and thus far more understandable, it is hoped). In this new Human Nature, the sounds of Nature are also Human made. Iwrite about these things, but Ialso use the sounds in my videos and my interactive and generative media work, so generally Iam wandering around building up my archive of media documents for use as material in future works." [Baruch/ gottlieb]17 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"It was recorded on Sunday, morning of the 28th of September as some of the slower runners of the Berlin Marathon made it past Torstrasse near my flat. Iwas out to buy some bread for breakfast, but Iusually bring a camera and my Edirol R-1 recorder whenever Igo out. Since Iwas freshly returned to Berlin Iguess Iwas sensitive to the more antiquated sounds which still survive there, like that of the organ grinder. Iam generally interested in how human beings are replacing the presence of Nature with an artificial environment made entirely by human hands (and thus far more understandable, it is hoped). In this new Human Nature, the sounds of Nature are also Human made. Iwrite about these things, but Ialso use the sounds in my videos and my interactive and generative media work, so generally Iam wandering around building up my archive of media documents for use as material in future works." [Baruch/ gottlieb]17

"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16

"I was the class teacher at that time. It was a class trip, usually organized near the end of the schoolterm in summer. The pupils went there by bike to have a barbecue at the sandy banks of the river Rhine near Dusseldorf. The landscape around is mostly dominated by agriculture and glasshouse cultures. You find a mixture of former villages nowadays completely suburbanized. The population finds jobs in the nearby urban centers like Dusseldorf, Neuss and other big cities. The reason why Irecorded the scene is simply because Iam interested in collecting sounds in general by doing recordings in different surroundings like nature, cities and everything between. My memories about the event are that it was a relaxing and funny atmosphere, which is not always the case while teaching in a classroom" [Reinhard/reinsamba]15 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"I was the class teacher at that time. It was a class trip, usually organized near the end of the schoolterm in summer. The pupils went there by bike to have a barbecue at the sandy banks of the river Rhine near Dusseldorf. The landscape around is mostly dominated by agriculture and glasshouse cultures. You find a mixture of former villages nowadays completely suburbanized. The population finds jobs in the nearby urban centers like Dusseldorf, Neuss and other big cities. The reason why Irecorded the scene is simply because Iam interested in collecting sounds in general by doing recordings in different surroundings like nature, cities and everything between. My memories about the event are that it was a relaxing and funny atmosphere, which is not always the case while teaching in a classroom" [Reinhard/reinsamba]15

"The place where Idid record the sound "saunan lämmitys" is our family's summerhouse. My father bought it year 1955. He was born nearby in Virojoki village in 1911 and passed away in 2003. As you know Sauna a is very relaxing and important thing to Finns. We like the warm and silence of sauna atmosphere and heating the sauna is almost religious to us. For me it is remembering moments Ispent with my dead father and other relatives. Iam 56 years old internist and living 600 km away from that place but still I visit there for about 2 months yearly." [Timo/timofei]14 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"The place where Idid record the sound "saunan lämmitys" is our family's summerhouse. My father bought it year 1955. He was born nearby in Virojoki village in 1911 and passed away in 2003. As you know Sauna a is very relaxing and important thing to Finns. We like the warm and silence of sauna atmosphere and heating the sauna is almost religious to us. For me it is remembering moments Ispent with my dead father and other relatives. Iam 56 years old internist and living 600 km away from that place but still I visit there for about 2 months yearly." [Timo/timofei]14

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

IAM_COMPACT_Open_access_models_for_case_study_countries_datasets

This dataset contains the excel files with all required input data to run OSeMOSYS model for Ukraine, CLEWs model for Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Ethiopia, and OnSSET model model for Ethiopia. Model factsheets, their scope and structure as well as preliminary results are documented in D6.7 - Open-access models for case-study countries (<a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.13643021">link</a>). The dataset also features zip files that can be run following the instructions on the report for each model.  The preliminary versions of each model were created as part of the capacity development activities of <a href="https://iam-compact.eu/">IAM COMPACT</a> Horizon Europe project.  The update of models is documented in D6.8 - Open-access models for case-study countries - Update and is supplemented by Version 2 of this dataset.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Synthetic Out-Of-Vocabulary IAM dataset with Latent Diffusion Models

SyntheticHTR: Handwritten Text Image Synthesis based on Latent Diffusion Models

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

IAM_COMPACT_Climate_Policy_Database

<div>This database serves as a general overview of energy and climate policies and policy targets in G20 countries, with the purpose of feeding IAMs and ESMs. The viability of applying policies may vary by model, and the type of inputs may vary from the ones displayed. Therefore, sources are included for each policy for modellers to find out the required details when necessary. In some cases, the overview displays "aspirational targets" apart from regular targets. This is because some stated targets are significantly far away from real-world advancement and the achievement of the "aspirational target" may therefore be unlikely according to tertairy sources (e.g. Climate Action Tracker).</div> <div> </div> <div>For corrections and additional policies not included, contact Dirk-Jan van de Ven: dj.vandeven@bc3research.org</div>

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

IAM_COMPACT_NDCs_LTTs_Database

This dataset contains Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for 2030, and new long-term strategies (LTSs) for 2050, which were put in place in the run-up to, during, and after the COP26 conference.  <ul> <li>NDC targets reflect the level of short-term ambition to which most countries are dedicated to through law or policy, but with risks of falling short if dedication is not high enough and/or changes occur in the political landscape.</li> <li>Long-term targets (LTT) reflect the level of longer-term ambition which many countries have stated to fulfil their part in mitigating climate change, but in most cases not backed with an actual policy agenda. These will come on top of pledged NDC targets, to create another increased level of proposed ambition. These pledges will be included for each separate model region as a linear pathway from the 2030 NDC target (NDC_LTT).   </li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

IAM_COMPACT_Study_3_Geopolitics

This dataset contains the underling raw data of IAM COMPACT "Study 3 - Geopolitics".  This study aims to respond to the research question “What are the different cost, energy security and resilience metrics and how do they compare for different scenarios?” (it groups 4 policy questions) by assessing the effectiveness of transformational responses to Climate Change through a comparative analysis of socio-economic outcomes across different resilience scenarios. Disruptive events pose significant risks to socio-economic systems, necessitating a comprehensive framework to understand and address their potential impacts. Part of this study builds upon van Ginkel et al. proposed dimensions of transformational response and resilience to socio-economic impact, to create a novel matrix for exploring climate-related extremes and their socio-economic consequences. The resulting scenario matrix yields four distinct narratives: Business as Usual, Unadaptive Transformation, Incremental Resilience, and Effective Transformation. These narratives represent varying combinations of transformational response and resilience to socio-economic impacts, offering a nuanced perspective on potential future pathways. The Business as Usual scenario depicts a society with low transformation and resilience, while the Unadaptive Transformation narrative illustrates the pitfalls of narrow focus in climate change mitigation efforts. Incremental Resilience represents a society that achieves high resilience through expanding existing capacities rather than transformative changes. Finally, the Effective Transformation scenario embodies the ideal resilient future, characterized by significant, well-rounded transformations and high resilience to socio-economic impacts. This framework provides a valuable tool for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to assess the complex interplay between climate change tipping points and socio-economic systems, facilitating more informed decision-making and strategy development in the face of climate uncertainties. <div></div> Results of the study have been documented in D5.4 - Modelling out-of-ordinary extremes (DOI <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.13840866">10.5281/zenodo.13840866</a>)

IAM_COMPACT_Study_6_Interest_rates

This dataset contains the underling raw data of IAM COMPACT "Study 6 - Interest rates". Models used to assess decarbonisation pathways typically assume a uniform cost of capital; such assumption, however, does not do justice to real-world conditions and may therefore lead to inaccurate policy recommendations. The study aims to explore how non-uniform weighted average cost of capital (WACC), i.e., the discount rate a company uses to estimate its net present value, could influence global decarbonisation pathways.  The study builds on empirically calibrated WACC values by region and technology in global IAMs and expands the modelling analysis by exploring stakeholder-driven pathways of de-risking clean energy technologies and risking fossil fuels. As one of the largest uncertainties lies in the way WACC values are expected to evolve over time, the empirical estimates of baseline WACC values are combined with an expert-based approach to produce forward-looking scenarios of evolving WACCs over time. The study also attempts to incorporate a corrective justice dimension in its narratives, by assessing the impacts of risk underwriting for low-carbon investments through taxing corporate windfall profits for 2022 and distributing the revenue as subsidies towards high-risk regions. Results of the study have been documented in D5.6 - Behaviour, social and disruptive innovation (DOI <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.12751959">10.5281/zenodo.12751959</a>)