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81 results for “Individual behaviour”

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dryad40/100

Evidence for individual discrimination and numerical assessment in collective antipredator behaviour in wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula)

Collective responses to threats occur throughout the animal kingdom but little is known about the cognitive processes underpinning them. Antipredator mobbing is one such response. Approaching a predator may be highly risky, but the individual risk declines and the likelihood of repelling the predator increases in larger mobbing groups. The ability to appraise the number of conspecifics involved in a mobbing event could therefore facilitate strategic decisions about whether to join. Mobs are commonly initiated by recruitment calls, which may provide valuable information to guide decision-making. We tested whether the number of wild jackdaws responding to recruitment calls was influenced by the number of callers. As predicted, playbacks simulating three or five callers tended to recruit more individuals than playbacks of one caller. Recruitment also substantially increased if recruits themselves produced calls. These results suggest that jackdaws use individual vocal discrimination to assess the number of conspecifics involved in initiating mobbing events, and use this information to guide their responses. Our results show support for the use of numerical assessment in antipredator mobbing responses and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the cognitive processes involved in collective behaviour.

opencc-zeroSep 2019View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger (Meles meles) behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission

1. Culling wildlife as a form of disease management can have unexpected and sometimes counterproductive outcomes. In the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are culled in efforts to reduce badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). However, culling has previously been associated with both increased and decreased incidence of M. bovis infection in cattle. 2. The adverse effects of culling have been linked to cull-induced changes in badger ranging, but such changes are not well documented at the individual level. Using GPS-collars, we characterised individual badger behaviour within an area subjected to widespread industry-led culling, comparing it with the same area before culling and with three unculled areas. 3. Culling was associated with a 61% increase (95% CI 27-103%) in monthly home range size, a 39% increase (95% CI 28-51%) in nightly maximum distance from the sett, and a 17% increase (95% CI 11-24%) in displacement between successive GPS-collar locations recorded at 20-minute intervals. Despite travelling further, we found a 91.2 minute (95% CI 67.1-115.3 minute) reduction in the nightly activity time of individual badgers associated with culling. These changes became apparent while culls were ongoing and persisted after culling ended. 4. Expanded ranging in culled areas was associated with individual badgers visiting 45% (95% CI 15-80%) more fields each month, suggesting that surviving individuals had the opportunity to contact more cattle. Moreover, surviving badgers showed a 19.9-fold increase (95% CI 10.8-36.4 increase) in the odds of trespassing into neighbouring group territories, increasing opportunities for intergroup contact. 5. Synthesis and Applications: Badger culling was associated with behavioural changes among surviving badgers which potentially increased opportunities for both badger-to-badger and badger-to-cattle transmission of M. bovis. Furthermore, by reducing the time badgers spent active, culling may have reduced badgers' accessibility to shooters, potentially undermining subsequent population control efforts. Our results specifically illustrate the challenges posed by badger behaviour to cull-based TB control strategies and furthermore, they highlight the negative impacts culling can have on integrated disease control strategies.

opencc-zeroNov 2014View details →

dryad40/100

Individual behaviour, growth, survival and vulnerability to hunting in a large mammal

Humans have exploited wild animals for thousands of years. Recent studies indicate that harvest-induced selection on life-history and morphological traits may lead to ecological and evolutionary changes. Less attention has been given to harvest-induced selection on behavioural traits, especially in terrestrial systems. We assessed in a wild population of large terrestrial mammals whether decades of hunting led to harvest-induced selection on trappability, a proxy of risk-taking behaviour. We investigated links between trappability, horn growth and survival across individuals in early life and quantified the correlations between early life trappability and horn growth with availability to hunters and probability of being shot. We found positive among-individual correlations between early life trappability and horn growth, early life trappability and survival, and early life horn growth and survival. Faster growing individuals were more likely to be available to hunters and shot at a young age. We found no correlations between early life trappability and availability to hunters or probability of being shot. Our results show that correlations between behaviour and growth can occur in wild terrestrial population but may be context dependent. This result highlights the difficulty in formulating general predictions about harvest-induced selection on behaviour, which can be affected by species ecology, harvesting regulations, and harvesting methods used. Future studies should investigate mechanisms linking physiological, behavioural, and morphological traits and how this effects harvest vulnerability to evaluate the potential for harvest to drive selection on behaviour in wild animal populations.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Among-individual behavioural variation in the ornamental red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda

Personality variation, defined as among-individual differences in behaviour that are repeatable across time and context, has been reported across animal taxa. From an evolutionary perspective, characterising the amount and structure of this variation is useful since differences among-individuals are the raw material for adaptive behavioural evolution. However, it is becoming apparent that behavioural variation among-individuals also has implications for more applied areas of evolution and ecology – from invasion biology, to ecotoxicology, and selective breeding in captive systems. Here, we investigate the structure of personality variation in the red cherry shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda, a popular ornamental species that is readily kept and bred under lab conditions and is emerging as a decapod crustacean model across these fields, but for which basic biological, ecological, and behavioural data is limited. Using two assays and a repeated measures approach, we quantify behaviours putatively indicative of shy-bold variation and test for sexual dimorphism and/or size-dependent behaviours (as predicted by some state-dependent models of personality). We find moderate to high behavioural repeatabilities across traits. Although strong individual level correlations across behaviours are consistent with a major personality axis underlying these observed traits, the multivariate structure of personality variation does not fully match a priori expectations of a shy-bold axis. This may reflect our ecological naivety with respect to what really constitutes bolder, more risk prone, behaviour in this species. We find no evidence for sexual dimorphism and only weak support size-dependent behaviour. Our study contributes to the growing literature describing behavioural variation in aquatic invertebrates. Furthermore, it lays a foundation for further studies harnessing the potential of this emerging model system. In particular, this existing behavioural variation could be functionally linked to life-history traits and invasive success, and serve as target of artificial selection or bioassays. It thus holds significant promise in applied research across ecotoxicology, aquaculture, and invasion biology.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

zenodo40/100

Рис. 2. ПоΛигон набΛюΑения за инΑивиΑуаΛьным повеΑением гренΛанΑского Λемминга, о. ВрангеΛя, июнь-август 1987 г. Fig. 2. Observation site to monitor individual behavior of the Greenland lemming, Wrangel Island, June–August 1987 in Territorial behaviour of the greenlandic lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Trail, 1823) on Wrangel Island

Рис. 2. ПоΛигон набΛюΑения за инΑивиΑуаΛьным повеΑением гренΛанΑского Λемминга, о. ВрангеΛя, июнь-август 1987 г. Fig. 2. Observation site to monitor individual behavior of the Greenland lemming, Wrangel Island, June–August 1987

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Fig. 2. Mean time individual D in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes

Fig. 2. Mean time individual D. collettei from Singapore and Pulau Tioman (Malaysia) spent in the shoaling and empty compartments; N=156 trials for each location (Total N=312 trials). Error bars show standard errors.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

dryad40/100

Sex-specific effects of psychoactive pollution on behavioural individuality and plasticity in fish

The global rise of pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment poses a serious threat to ecological and evolutionary processes. Studies have traditionally focused on the collateral (average) effects of psychoactive pollutants on ecologically-relevant behaviours of wildlife, often neglecting effects among and within individuals, and whether they differ between males and females. We tested whether psychoactive pollutants have sex-specific effects on behavioural individuality and plasticity in guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a freshwater species that inhabits contaminated waterways in the wild. Fish were exposed to fluoxetine (Prozac) for two years across multiple generations before their activity and stress-related behaviour were repeatedly assayed. Using a Bayesian statistical approach that partitions the effects among and within individuals, we found that males—but not females—in fluoxetine-exposed populations differed less from each other in their behaviour (lower behavioural individuality) than unexposed males. In sharp contrast, effects on behavioural plasticity were observed in females—but not in males—whereby exposure to even low levels of fluoxetine resulted in a substantial decrease (activity) and increase (freezing behaviour) in the behavioural plasticity of females. Our evidence reveals that psychoactive pollution has sex-specific effects on the individual behaviour of fish, suggesting that males and females might not be equally vulnerable to global pollutants.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Atlantic cod individual spatial behaviour and stable isotope associations in a no-take marine reserve

<ol> <li>Foraging is a behavioural process and, therefore, individual behaviour and diet are theorized to covary. However, few comparisons of individual behaviour type and diet exist in the wild.</li> <li>We tested whether behaviour type and diet covary in a protected population of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. </li> <li>Working in a no-take marine reserve, we could collect data on natural behavioural variation and diet choice with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. We inferred behaviour using acoustic telemetry and diet from stable isotope compositions (expressed as δ13C and δ15N values). We further investigated whether behaviour and diet could have survival costs.</li> <li>We found cod with shorter diel vertical migration distances fed at higher trophic levels. Cod δ13C and δ15N values scaled positively with body size. Neither behaviour nor diet predicted survival, indicating phenotypic diversity is maintained without survival costs for cod in a protected ecosystem.</li> <li>The links between diet and diel vertical migration highlight that future work is needed to understand whether the shifts in this behaviour during environmental change (e.g. fishing or climate), could lead to trophic cascades. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad40/100