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32 results for “Individual preference”
Brain-Computer Interfaces for communication: preferences of individuals with locked-in syndrome, caregives and researchers
<p>Nine animation videos used in the questionnaire described in the articles "<strong>Brain-Computer Interfaces for communication: preferences of individuals with locked-in syndrome</strong>" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1545968321989331">https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968321989331</a>) and "<strong>Brain-Computer Interfaces for communication: preferences of individuals with locked-in syndrome, caregivers and researchers</strong>" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2021.1958932">https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2021.1958932</a>). <em>Video animations were designed and produced by Merel Horsmeier.</em></p>
Colorful traits in avian females, individual condition, reproductive performance, and male mate preferences: A meta-analytic approach
<p>Colorful ornaments in females are suggested to have evolved and be maintained by sexual selection. Although several studies have evaluated this idea evidence is still equivocal. Results from empirical studies have been compilated in reviews, but quantitative analyses have seldom been performed. Here, using a meta-analytic approach, we show that evidence from empirical studies conducted in birds, supports the ideas that colorful female ornaments are positively associated with individual condition, reproductive performance, and male-mate preferences. Hence, females' colorful traits, in birds, likely evolved and are maintained by sexual selection.</p>
Data for: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila
<p>Data associated with: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila</p> <p>Abstract: Behavior varies even among genetically identical animals raised in the same environment1–10. However, little is known about the circuit or anatomical underpinnings of this individuality11,12. Drosophila olfaction is an ideal system for discovering the origins of behavioral individuality among genetically identical individuals. The fly olfactory circuit is well-characterized13–16,17–19 and stereotyped15, yet stable idiosyncrasies in odor preference4, neural coding4, and neural wiring20,21 are present and may be relevant to behavior. Using paired behavior and two-photon imaging measurements, we show that individual odor preferences in odor-vs-air and odor-vs-odor assays are predicted by idiosyncratic calcium dynamics in Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs) and Projection Neurons (PNs), respectively. This suggests that circuit variation at the sensory periphery determines individual odor preferences. Furthermore, paired behavior and immunohistochemistry measurements reveal that variation in ORN presynaptic density also predicts odor-vs-odor preference. This point in the olfactory circuit appears to be a locus of individuality where microscale variation gives rise to idiosyncratic behavior. To unify these results, we constructed a leaky-integrate-and-fire model of 3,062 neurons in the antennal lobe. In these simulations, stochastic fluctuations at the glomerular level, like those observed in our ORN immunohistochemistry, produce variation in PN calcium responses with the same structure as we observed experimentally, the very structure that predicts idiosyncratic behavior. Thus, our results demonstrate how minute physiological and structural variations in a neural circuit may produce individual behavior, even when genetics and environment are held constant.</p>
Colorful traits in female birds relate to individual condition, reproductive performance, and male mate preferences: A meta-analytic approach dataset
<p>Colorful traits in females are suggested to have evolved and be maintained by sexual selection. Although several studies have evaluated this idea, support is still equivocal. <span><span>Evidence has been compiled in reviews, and a handful of quantitative synthesis have explored evidence of the link between condition and specific color traits in males and females. However, understanding the potential function of females' colorful traits in sexual communication has not been the primary focus of any of those previous studies</span></span><span>. </span>Here, using a meta-analytic approach, we find that evidence from empirical studies in birds supports the idea that colorful female ornaments are positively associated with residual mass and immune response, clutch size, and male-mate preferences. Hence, colorful traits in female birds likely evolved and are maintained by sexual selection.</p>
Data for: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila
<p>Data associated with: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila</p> <p>Abstract: Behavior varies even among genetically identical animals raised in the same environment. However, little is known about the circuit or anatomical origins of this individuality. We show individual <em>Drosophila </em>odor preferences (odor-vs-air and odor-vs-odor) are predicted by idiosyncratic calcium dynamics in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and projection neurons (PNs), respectively. Variation in ORN presynaptic density also predicts odor-vs-odor preference. The ORN-PN synapse appears to be a locus of individuality where microscale variation gives rise to idiosyncratic behavior. Finally, simulating microscale stochasticity in ORN-PN synapses of a 3,062-neuron model of the antennal lobe recapitulates patterns of variation in PN calcium responses matching experiments. Our results demonstrate how physiological and microscale structural circuit variations can give rise to individual behavior, even when genetics and environment are held constant.</p>
Data for: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila
<p>Data associated with: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in <em>Drosophila</em></p> <p>Behavior varies even among genetically identical animals raised in the same environment. However, little is known about the circuit or anatomical origins of this individuality. We show individual <em>Drosophila</em> odor preferences (odor-vs-air and odor-vs-odor) are predicted by idiosyncratic calcium dynamics in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and projection neurons (PNs), respectively. Variation in ORN presynaptic density also predicts odor-vs-odor preference. The ORN-PN synapse appears to be a locus of individuality where microscale variation gives rise to idiosyncratic behavior. Finally, simulating microscale stochasticity in ORN-PN synapses of a 3,062-neuron model of the antennal lobe recapitulates patterns of variation in PN calcium responses matching experiments. Our results demonstrate how physiological and microscale structural circuit variations can give rise to individual behavior, even when genetics and environment are held constant.</p>
Data from: Community-level canopy reflectance in grazed grasslands is linked to the habitat preferences of individual plant species
<p class="MsoNormal">Spectral remote sensing provides tools for biological monitoring and can be used to characterize habitat quality in grasslands. These data have been used to study the relationships between plant community composition and remotely sensed canopy reflectance in grazed grasslands. The study area is located on the island of Öland, Sweden, and the data were collected in grazed grasslands that represent a succession from previously arable fields to old semi-natural pastures. All included grassland sites have been assigned to three different classes of grassland age, defined by the grazing continuity in years: <span>young (5–14 years), intermediate-aged (15–49 years), and old (>50 years).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The plant community data consist of presences/absences for 100 vascular plant species in 104 (4 m × 4 m) sample plots positioned in open grassland vegetation. Information on species' habitat preferences is included and has been used to explain the associations between plant species' occurrences and the variation in community-level canopy reflectance.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The remote sensing data consist of 317 hyperspectral bands in the wavelength regions 414–1322 nm, 1496–1797 nm, and 2050–2351 nm, and show the mean reflectance in each spectral band for the 104 sample plots. The main gradient in the hyperspectral data is characterized by contrasting reflectance values between bands located in the NIR spectra and bands located in the red, blue, and SWIR spectra.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Grassland canopy reflectance was able to explain variation in the occurrences of individual plant species, particularly those with distinct habitat preferences. Species' habitat preferences indicated that vegetation reflectance in the red, blue, SWIR, and NIR spectra was linked to the plant-availability of mineral nitrogen. In contrast, species' phosphorus preferences showed stronger associations with reflectance in the green and red-edge spectra.</p>
Colorful traits in female birds relate to individual condition, reproductive performance, and male mate preferences: A meta-analytic approach dataset
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Data from: Community-level canopy reflectance in grazed grasslands is linked to the habitat preferences of individual plant species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Colorful traits in avian females, individual condition, reproductive performance, and male mate preferences: A meta-analytic approach
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Data from: Sex-specific and individual preferences for hunting strategies in white sharks
Fine-scale predator movements may be driven by many factors including sex, habitat, and distribution of resources. There may also be individual preferences for certain movement strategies within a population which can be hard to quantify. Within top predators, movements are also going to be directly related to the mode of hunting; for example sit-and-wait or actively searching for prey. Although there is mounting evidence that different hunting modes can cause opposing trophic cascades, there has been little focus on the modes used by top predators, especially those in the marine environment. Adult white sharks (Carcharhodon carcharias) are well known to forage on marine mammal prey, particularly pinnipeds. Sharks primarily ambush pinnipeds on the surface but there has been less focus on the strategies they use to encounter prey. We applied mixed hidden Markov models to acoustic tracking data of white sharks in a coastal aggregation area in order to quantify changing movement states (Area Restricted Searching (ARS) vs. patrolling) and the factors that influenced them. Individuals were re-tracked over multiple days throughout a month to see if state-switching dynamics varied or if individuals preferred certain movement strategies. Sharks were more likely to use ARS movements in the morning and during periods of chumming by ecotourism operators. Furthermore, the proportion of time individuals spent in the two different states and the state-switching frequency, differed between the sexes and between individuals. Predation attempts/success on pinnipeds were observed for sharks in both ARS and patrolling movement states and within all random effects groupings. Therefore white sharks can use both a 'sit-and-wait' (ARS) and 'active searching' (patrolling) movements to ambush pinniped prey on the surface. White sharks demonstrate individual preferences for fine scale movement patterns which may be related to their use of different hunting modes. Marine top predators are generally assumed to use only one type of hunting mode, but we show that there is likely a mix within populations. As such, individual variability should be considered when modelling behavioural effects of predators on prey species.
Data from: Diet preferences as the cause of individual differences rather than the consequence
Behavioural variation within a species is usually explained as the consequence of individual variation in physiology. However, new evidence suggests that the arrow of causality may well be in the reverse direction: behaviours such as diet preferences cause the differences in physiological and morphological traits. Recently, diet preferences were proposed to underlie consistent differences in digestive organ mass and movement patterns (patch residence times) in red knots (Calidris canutus islandica). Red knots are molluscivorous and migrant shorebirds for which the size of the muscular stomach (gizzard) is critical for the food processing rate. In this study, red knots (C. c. canutus, n = 46) were caught at Banc d'Arguin, an intertidal flat ecosystem in Mauritania, and released with radio-tags after the measurement of gizzard mass. Using a novel tracking system (time-of-arrival), patch residence times were measured over a period of three weeks. Whether or not gizzard mass determined patch residence times was tested experimentally by offering 12 of the 46 tagged red knots soft diets prior to release; this reduced an individual's gizzard mass by 20-60%. To validate whether the observed range of patch residence times would be expected from individual diet preferences, we simulated patch residence times as a function of diet preferences via a simple departure rule. Consistent with previous empirical studies, patch residence times in the field were positively correlated with gizzard mass. The slope of this correlation, as well as the observed range of patch residence times, was in accordance with the simulated values. The 12 birds with reduced gizzard masses did not decrease patch residence times in response to the reduction in gizzard mass. These findings suggest that diet preferences can indeed cause the observed among-individual variation in gizzard mass and patch residence times. We discuss how early diet experiences can have cascading effects on the individual expression of both behavioural and physiomorphic traits. This emphasizes that to understand the ecological consequences of individual differences, knowledge of the environment during development is required.
Data from: Nineteen years of consistently positive and strong female mate preferences despite individual variation
Sexual selection driven by mate choice has generated some of the most astounding diversity in nature, suggesting population-level preferences should be strong and consistent over many generations. On the other hand, mating preferences are among the least repeatable components of an individual animal's phenotype, suggesting low consistency across an animal's lifetime. Despite decades of intensive study of sexual selection there is almost no information about the strength and consistency of preferences across many years. In this study we present the results of over 5000 mate choice tests with a species of wild frog conducted over 19 consecutive years. Results show that preferences are positive and strong and vary little across years. This consistency is despite the fact that there are substantial differences among females in their strength of preference. We also suggest mate preferences in populations that are primarily the result of sensory exploitation might be more stable over time compared to preferences that are primarily involved in assessing male quality.
Data for: A neural correlate of individual odor preference in Drosophila
<p>Data associated with: A neural correlate of individual odor preference in <em>Drosophila</em></p> <p>Abstract: Behavior varies even among genetically identical animals raised in the same environment. However, little is known about the circuit or anatomical origins of this individuality. Here, we demonstrate a neural correlate of <em>Drosophila</em> odor preference behavior in the olfactory sensory periphery. Namely, idiosyncratic calcium responses in projection neuron (PN) dendrites and densities of the presynaptic protein Bruchpilot in olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axon terminals correlate with individual preferences in a choice between two aversive odorants. The ORN-PN synapse appears to be a locus of individuality where microscale variation gives rise to idiosyncratic behavior. Simulating microscale stochasticity in ORN-PN synapses of a 3,062 neuron model of the antennal lobe recapitulates patterns of variation in PN calcium responses matching experiments. Conversely, stochasticity in other compartments of this circuit does not recapitulate those patterns. Our results demonstrate how physiological and microscale structural circuit variations can give rise to individual behavior, even when genetics and environment are held constant.</p>
Distribution. Restricted to the cooler waters of the N Atlantic Ocean from 71° 30" N in the Norwegian Sea, Iceland, and [Labrador (Canada) in the N, to Madeira, Azores, and NE USA to the S; single records from the Gulf of Mexico and E Mediterranean Sea are thought to represent vagrant individuals. In general, this species appears to be more widespread in E Atlantic Ocean than in W Atlantic Ocean, which may be related to preferences for cooler water temperatures. in Ziphiidae
Distribution. Restricted to the cooler waters of the N Atlantic Ocean from 71° 30" N in the Norwegian Sea, Iceland, and [Labrador (Canada) in the N, to Madeira, Azores, and NE USA to the S; single records from the Gulf of Mexico and E Mediterranean Sea are thought to represent vagrant individuals. In general, this species appears to be more widespread in E Atlantic Ocean than in W Atlantic Ocean, which may be related to preferences for cooler water temperatures.
Data from: Resource preferences and the emergence of individual niche specialization within populations
<p>Growing evidence that individuals of many generalist animals behave as resource specialists has attracted substantial research interest for its ecological and evolutionary implications. Variation in resource preferences is considered to be critical for developing a general theory of individual specialization. However, it remains to be shown whether diverging preferences can arise among individuals sharing a similar environment, and whether these preferences are sufficiently stable over time to be ecologically relevant. We addressed these issues by means of common garden experiments in feral pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>), a species known to exhibit among-individual resource specialization in the wild. Food-choice experiments on wild-caught pigeons and their captive-bred cross-fostered descendants showed that short-term variation in food preferences can easily arise within a population, and that this variation may represent a substantial fraction of the population foraging niche. However, the experiments also showed that, rather than being limited by genetic or vertical cultural inheritance, food preferences exhibited high plasticity and tended to converge in the long-term. Although our results challenge the notion that variation in food preferences is a major driver of resource specialization, early differences in preferences could pave the way to specializations when combined with neophobic responses and/or positive feedbacks that reinforce niche conservation.</p>
Trial of Ascertaining Individual Preferences for Loved One's Role in End-of-Life
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01160367. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Influence of Directional Preference on Movement Coordination Deficits in Individuals With Whiplash Associated Disorders
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06143228. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Data from: Diet preferences as the cause of individual differences rather than the consequence
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Data from: Effects of individual-based preferences for colour-banded mates on sex allocation in zebra finches
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.