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33 results for “Information behaviour”
Information Based Behavioural Intervention Study (Bologna case)
<p>iSCAPE Dataset Reference No. = DS_PD_011, DS_MA_003, DS_PD_016</p> <p>Following datasets are acquired and generated during the implementation of behavioural intervention study in Bologna:</p> <ol> <li>Participant's detailed activity-travel diary </li> <li>Pollutant concentrations of a study area</li> <li>Introductory and Followup questionnaire responses </li> </ol>
Information Based Behavioural Intervention Study (Hasselt case)
<p>iSCAPE Dataset Ref. No. = DS_PD_010, DS_MA_002, DS_PD_015</p> <p>Following datasets are acquired and generated during the implementation of behavioural intervention study in Hasselt:</p> <ol> <li>Participant's detailed activity-travel diary </li> <li>Pollutant concentration maps</li> <li>Introductory and Followup questionnaire responses </li> </ol> <p> </p>
Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours and trust to inform pandemic outbreak response.
<p>The study is part of the large project promoted by WHO Regional Office for Europe called “<em>Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours and trust to inform pandemic outbreak response</em>” and carried out in over 30 countries of the WHO European Region (Registered ISRCTN on 11/05/2021, ID: ISRCTN26200758). In Italy, the survey was conducted administering an online questionnaire developed <em>ad hoc</em> by the WHO in four waves (January-May 2021) to a sample of 10.000 individuals aged 18-70 years. A detailed sampling plan was developed to obtain a representative sample of the Italian adult population. The following variables were taken into account for stratification of the participants: gender by age (four age groups: 18-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years, 55-70 years); geographical area (four areas: North West, North East, Centre, South and Islands); size of living centers (two classes: above and below 100,000 inhabitants); level of education (up to lower middle school, beyond lower middle school); and employment situation (employed, not employed). At the end of each survey’s wave, a weighting procedure has been applied to accurately restore the proportionality of the total sample examined with the reference population, according to the most recent data of the Italian Statistics Institute (ISTAT, 12/31/2019). In particular, data have been weighted for the main socio-demographic and geographic variables (e.g., sex by age by geographical area, occupation, educational qualification, geographical area by size of living centers). The sample size made it possible to maintain a sampling error of less than 2% (at the significance level of 95%) and to control the error of estimates within groups or subgroups of interest. The interviews were conducted by Doxa S.p.a. and carried out with the CAWI technique (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing) on an online panel and on the Confirmit software platform used by Doxa S.p.a. The average administration time was about 18-20 minutes. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the IRCCS San John of God Fatebenefratelli of Brescia (n° 72-2020), and all participants provided written informed consent.</p> <p>The primary objectives are to:</p> <p>● Monitor variables that are critical for population behaviour to control transmission of the novel coronavirus, including risk perceptions, knowledge, self-efficacy, confidence in institutions, behaviours, rumours, affect, worry, resilience, trust in/use of information sources and more.<br> ● Document changes over time in these factors to understand the effect of the pandemic process, new developments, events or measures taken.<br> ● Monitor possible issues, e.g. related to misinformation or distrust, as they emerge, to allow early response.<br> ● Identify relationships between variables to identify levers for effective and appropriate responses.<br> ● Explore the relationship of psychological variables (e.g. worry, resilience, trust, affect) with the epidemiological situation and the events and measures taken.<br> ● Identify gaps between perceived and actual knowledge.<br> ● Evaluate the effectiveness of pandemic response measures, and the acceptance and effectiveness of policies and restrictions implemented, including the easing of such restrictions.<br> The secondary objectives are to:<br> ● Contribute to post-outbreak evaluation, thereby contributing to the continued regional/global efforts to better understand mechanisms of crisis response.<br> ● If additional research capacity is available, the data can be triangulated with data on media reporting, COVID-19 cases and other.● If additional research capacity is available, the data can be triangulated with data on media reporting, imported or confirmed cases, etc.: The relationship between psychological variables and characteristics of the outbreak situation can be explored (i.e. how closely the perceived risk mirrors reported cases, relative import risk, media reports).<br> This approach allows a citizen-centred approach where insights into population perceptions and behaviours inform COVID-19 actions, alongside epidemiological data and considerations of economic, cultural, ethical, structural political nature and other.</p> <p>The WHO questionnaire includes 21 different thematic areas noteworthy for the investigation of COVID-19 experience. The questionnaire was translated into specific country language by each recruiting site, following the WHO’s guidelines for translations of tools into other languages. The process included the following steps: forward translation, panel experts, back-translation, pre-test and cognitive interviews and, finally, development of the final version. Variables being surveyed include the following:<br> • Socio-demography;<br> • COVID-19 personal experience;<br> • Health literacy;<br> • COVID-19 risk perception;<br> • Probability and Severity;<br> • Preparedness and Perceived self-efficacy;<br> • Prevention – own behaviours;<br> • Affect;<br> • Trust in sources of information;<br> • Use of sources of information;<br> • Frequency of Information;<br> • Trust in institutions (perceptions);<br> • Policies, interventions (perceptions);<br> • Conspiracies (perceptions);<br> • Resilience (perceptions);<br> • Testing and tracing;<br> • Fairness (perceptions);<br> • Lifting restrictions (pandemic transition phase);<br> • Unwanted behaviour;<br> • Wellbeing;<br> • COVID-19 vaccine.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for "Cognitive behavioural therapy self-help intervention preferences among informal caregivers of adults with chronic kidney disease: an online cross-sectional survey"
<p>Data and R code used for the analysis of data for the publication: Coumoundouros et al., Cognitive behavioural therapy self-help intervention preferences among informal caregivers of adults with chronic kidney disease: an online cross-sectional survey. BMC Nephrology</p> <p><strong>Summary of study</strong></p> <p>An online cross-sectional survey for informal caregivers (e.g. family and friends) of people living with chronic kidney disease in the United Kingdom. Study aimed to examine informal caregivers' cognitive behavioural therapy self-help intervention preferences, and describe the caregiving situation (e.g. types of care activities) and informal caregiver's mental health (depression, anxiety and stress symptoms).</p> <p>Participants were eligible to participate if they were at least 18 years old, lived in the United Kingdom, and provided unpaid care to someone living with chronic kidney disease who was at least 18 years old.</p> <p>The online survey included questions regarding (1) informal caregiver's characteristics; (2) care recipient's characteristics; (3) intervention preferences (e.g. content, delivery format); and (4) informal caregiver's mental health. Informal caregiver's mental health was assessed using the 21 item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), which is composed of three subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively.</p> <p>Sixty-five individuals participated in the survey.</p> <p>See the published article for full study details.</p> <p><strong>Description of uploaded files</strong></p> <p>1. ENTWINE_ESR14_Kidney Carer Survey Data_FULL_2022-08-30: Excel file with the complete, raw survey data. Note: the first half of participant's postal codes was collected, however this data was removed from the uploaded dataset to ensure participant anonymity.</p> <p>2. ENTWINE_ESR14_Kidney Carer Survey Data_Clean DASS-21 Data_2022-08-30: Excel file with cleaned data for the DASS-21 scale. Data cleaning involved imputation of missing data if participants were missing data for one item within a subscale of the DASS-21. Missing values were imputed by finding the mean of all other items within the relevant subscale. </p> <p>3. ENTWINE_ESR14_Kidney Carer Survey_KEY_2022-08-30: Excel file with key linking item labels in uploaded datasets with the corresponding survey question.</p> <p>4. R Code for Kidney Carer Survey_2022-08-30: R file of R code used to analyse survey data.</p> <p>5. R code for Kidney Carer Survey_PDF_2022-08-30: PDF file of R code used to analyse survey data.</p>
Fig. 2 in New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids
Fig. 2. Close up of the medial face of the deltopectoral crest of hardosaurid Saurolophus (MPC−D100/764) from the Maastrichtian Bugin Tsav locality in Mongolia. Black arrows indicate some of the drag marks left by the teeth of the theropod, with their orientation also indicated by the direction of the arrow. The grey arrow points to a bite and drag mark where a slight surface drag mark later goes deeper into the bone cortex close to the edge of the crest.
Fig. 3 in New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids
Fig. 3. Close−up of bite marks on the on distal end of left humerus of hadrosaurid Saurolophus (MPC−D100/764) from the Maastrichtian Bugin Tsav locality in Mongolia. Black arrows indicate deep scores that penetrate the cortex on the end of the bone. White arrows indicate deep puncture marks on the surface of the bone.
Fig. 1. MPC−D100 in New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids
Fig. 1. MPC−D100/764, a left humerus of hadrosaurid Saurolophus from the Maastrichtian Bugin Tsav locality in Mongolia, in medial (A) and lateral (B) views (proximal end to the left and distal to the right) with major areas of bite marks indicated by the black arrows.
Supporting information for "Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: Polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit re-entrant swelling behaviour"
<p>This deposition contains the data and analysis (Jupyter notebooks) detailed in "Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: Polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit re-entrant swelling behaviour". All Jupyter notebooks have also been converted into PDF files for ease of viewing. </p> <p>All data and code (notebooks) required to reproduce the analysis can be found within the “supporting_data.zip” archive. This archive contains three sub-directories: </p> <p><strong>Spectroscopic_ellipsometry</strong> </p> <ul> <li> <p>Data directory (data_files) containing all raw ellipsometry data. </p> </li> <li> <p>“PMETAC_wet_analysis.ipynb” notebooks to reproduce the analysis of a hydrated (solid-liquid) polymer brush. Further relevant plotting tools can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/refnx/refellips">refellips</a> repo. </p> </li> <li> <p>“PMETAC_dry.ipynb” notebook to reproduce the analysis of the dry polymer film and create the areal maps. </p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Neutron_reflectometry</strong> </p> <ul> <li> <p>Data directory (NamedData) containing all relevant reduced reflectivity profiles from the Platypus reflectometry at ANSTO. </p> </li> <li> <p>“NR_dry.ipynb”, “NR_Solid-Liquid.ipynb” notebooks required to reproduce the analysis pertaining to a dry polymer brush and a solvated brush, respectively. </p> </li> <li> <p>“NR_Solid-Liquid_corefine.ipynb” notebook for reproducing the simultaneous optimisation of the PMETAC brush in D2O and H2O: co-refinement. </p> </li> <li> <p>Additional code required to model the hydrated polymer brush and various plotting tools can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/igresh/refnxtoolbox">refnxtoolbox</a> repo and the <a href="https://github.com/refnx/refnx">refnx</a> repo. </p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>nSCFT </strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Files containing the polymer, ion, and solvent VF profiles from nSCFT calculations. </p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: Fake news? The impact of information mismatch in mating behaviour
<p>Multiple cues are often used for mate choice in complex environments, potentially entailing mismatches between different sources of information. We address the consequences thereof for receivers using the spider mite <em>Tetranychus urticae</em>, in which virgin females are highly valuable mates compared to mated females, given first male sperm precedence. Accordingly, males prefer virgins and distinguish them using cues from the females and/or that are present on the substrate. Whereas the former are more reliable, the latter may allow for a faster or more long-distance response. However, there can be mismatched information between cues as females move and/or mate. Here, we tested the consequences thereof by exposing males to mated or virgin females on patches previously impregnated with cues deposited by females of either mating status. Male mating attempts were solely affected by substrate cues while female acceptance and the number of mating events were independently affected by both cues. Copulation duration, in contrast, depended mainly on the mating status of the female, with the number of copulations and the total time spent mating being intermediate in environments with mismatched information. Ultimately, male survival costs mirrored male investment in mating. These results suggest that, in environments with mismatched information, the substrate cues left by females are instrumental for males to find their mates, but they can also lead to males paying survival costs without the associated benefit of mating effectively, or suffering reduced costs at the expense of losing effective mating opportunities. The benefit of using multiple cues will then hinge upon the frequency of information mismatch, which itself should vary with the dynamics of populations.</p>
Data for: A behaviourally-informed chatbot increases vaccination in Argentina
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Data from: Fake news? The impact of information mismatch in mating behaviour
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Information Based Behavioural Intervention Study (Guildford case)
<p>iSCAPE Dataset Reference No. = DS_PD_014, DS_PD_019</p> <p>Following datasets are acquired/generated during the implementation of behavioural intervention study in Guildford:</p> <ol> <li>Participant's detailed activity-travel diary </li> <li>Introductory and Followup questionnaire responses</li> </ol>
Behavioural and neurophysiological data from experiments on the impact of spatial frequency information to action comprehension
<p>Understanding object-directed actions performed by others is central to everyday life. This ability is thought to rely on the interaction between the dorsal action observation network (AON) and a ventral object recognition pathway. On this view, the AON would encode action kinematics, and the ventral pathway, the most likely intention afforded by the objects. However, experimental evidence supporting this model is still scarce. Here, we aimed to disentangle the contribution of dorsal vs. ventral pathways to action comprehension by exploiting their differential tuning to lowspatial frequencies (LSFs) and high-spatial frequencies (HSFs). We filtered naturalistic action images to contain only LSF or HSF and measured behavioral performance and corticospinal excitability (CSE) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Actions were embedded in congruent or incongruent scenarios as defined by the compatibility between grips and intentions afforded by the contextual objects. Behaviorally, participants were better at discriminating congruent actions in intact than LSF images. This effect was reversed for incongruent actions, with better performance for LSF than intact and HSF. These modulations were mirrored at the neurophysiological level, with greater CSE facilitation for congruent than incongruent actions for HSF and the opposite pattern for LSF images. Finally, only for LSF did we observe CSE modulations according to grip kinematics. While results point to differential dorsal (LSF) and ventral (HSF) contributions to action comprehension for grip and context encoding, respectively, the negative congruency effect for LSF images suggests that object processing may influence action perception not only through ventral-to-dorsal connections, but also through a dorsal-to-dorsal route involved in predictive processing.</p>
The roles of temperature, nest predators and information parasites for geographical variation in egg covering behaviour of tits (Paridae)
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Nest building is widespread among animals. Nests may provide receptacles for eggs, developing offspring and the parents, and protect them from adverse environmental conditions. Nests may also indicate the quality of the territory and its owner and can be considered as an extended phenotype of its builder(s). Nests may, thus, function as a sexual and social signal. Here, we examined ecological and abiotic factors—temperature, nest predation and interspecific information utilization—shaping geographical variation in a specific nest structure—hair and feather cover of eggs— and its function as an extended phenotype before incubation in great (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) across Europe. We also tested whether egg covering is associated with reproductive success of great tits.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Fourteen different study sites and 28 populations across Europe.</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Parus major, Cyanistes caeruleus.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We recorded clutch coverage estimates and collected egg covering nest material from the tit nests. We also measured nest specific breeding parameters and phenotypic measurements on adults. We tested whether mean spring temperatures, nest predation rates and flycatcher (Ficedula spp) densities in the study areas explain the large-scale geographical variation of clutch coverage and reproductive success of tits.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The degree of egg coverage of great tits increased with lower mean spring temperature, higher nest predation rate and higher flycatcher density. We did not find egg covering of blue tits to be associated with any of the ecological or abiotic factors. Moreover, egg covering of great tits was not associated with reproductive success in our cross-sectional data, yet a rigorous assessment of fitness effects would require long-term data.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Our findings suggest that, in great tits, egg covering may simultaneously provide thermal insulation against cold temperatures during egg-laying in spring and also represent a counter-adaptation to reduce information parasitism by flycatchers and nest predation. Hence, geographical variation in interspecific interactions, and consequently in co-evolutionary processes, may affect the evolution of nest characteristics besides environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: Predictors of alcohol consumption among in-school adolescents in the Central Region of Ghana: a baseline information for developing cognitive-behavioural interventions
Background and purpose: Despite a recent shift in school going adolescents' engagement in health compromising behaviours has serious socio-economic implications on developing societies, it is surprising that baseline information through research that would influence planned interventions is sparse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alcohol drinking behaviours among in-school adolescents in the Junior High Schools (JHS) in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods and results: Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, multistage sampling procedures were used to sample 1400 school going adolescents in JHS in the Central Region. Preliminary results using simple frequencies and percentages revealed 42% alcohol drinking prevalence in the region. High prevalence of drunkenness (73%, n = 405) and early exposure to alcohol drinking when students were in primary school (52%, n = 286) were noted. Community festivals and use of alcohol as a form of medicine were enabling factors of alcohol consumption in the region. Binary logistic regression analysis also showed that geographical location was a significant predictor of alcohol drinking among school going adolescents, with students in the southern and central part of the region at greater risks of drinking alcohol than those from the northern part (OR = .696, 95% CI = 0.52-926, p = .013). However, no statistical significant variations were found in the odds of drinking alcohol within age (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.86-1.48, p = .370), gender (OR = .81, 95% CI = 0.65-1.01, p = .06), religious affiliation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.94-1.89, p = .10), parental communication (OR = .86, 95% CI = 0.66-1.06, p = .13), academic performance (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.79-1.45, p = .05) and socioeconomic status (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.95-1.53, p = .12). Conclusions: With this baseline data, it was recommended that schools' curricula should include preventive cognitive-behavioural interventions that teach drug resistance skills and anti-drug norms. These interventions would foster the development of requisite knowledge and social skills (e.g., developing competence) for resisting social and peer influences that may trigger alcohol use and perhaps other drugs. Potentially, the motivation for alcohol use among school going adolescents in the region would be minimized, if not prevented.
Effect of shared information on food behaviour: a holistic approach in Dutch consumers
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Fig. 1 in New information on the evolution of mating behaviour in Sepsidae (Diptera) and the cost of male copulations in Saltella sphondylii
Fig. 1 Evolution of behavioural characters modified from Puniamoorthy et al. (2009) on the phylogenetic tree of Sepsidae based on the molecular data from Puniamoorthy et al. (2008) and Su et al. (2008) (ACCTRAN: black symbols non-homoplasious; open symbols homoplasious changes)
Data from: Cultural influence of social information use in pedestrian road-crossing behaviours
Social information use is common in a wide range of group-living animals, notably in humans. The role it plays in decision-making could be a key to understanding how social groups make collective decisions. The observation of road-crossing behaviours in the presence of other individuals is an ideal means to study the influence of social information on decision-making. This study investigated the influence of culture on social information used by pedestrians in a potentially dangerous scenario, namely road crossing. We scored the collective crossing of pedestrians at four locations in Nagoya (Japan) and three locations in Strasbourg (France). French pedestrians cross against the lights much more often (41.9%) than Japanese ones (2.1%). Individuals deciding to cross the road were strongly influenced by the behaviour and the presence of other pedestrians, especially in Japan, where a stronger conformism was noted. However, Japanese pedestrians were half as likely to be influenced by social information as their French counterparts when crossing at the red light, as they were more respectful of rules. Men show riskier behaviour than women (40.6% versus 25.7% of rule-breaking, respectively), deciding quickly and setting off earlier than women. Further related studies could help target specific preventive, culture-specific solutions for pedestrian safety.
Genetic Information and Dietary Intake Behaviour
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01353014. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Impact of Four Patient Information Leaflets (PIL) on Patient Behaviour
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01398696. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 25.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.