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16 results for “Initial Divergence”
Chromosomal inversions from an initial ecotypic divergence drive a gradual repeated radiation of Galápagos beetles
<p>Island faunas exhibit some of the most iconic examples where similar forms repeatedly evolve within different islands. Yet, whether these deterministic evolutionary trajectories within islands are driven by an initial, singular divergence and the subsequent exchange of individuals and adaptive genetic variation between islands remains unclear. Here, we address this issue using a gradual, repeated evolution of low-dispersive highland ecotypes from a dispersive lowland ecotype of <em>Calosoma</em> beetles along the island progression of the Galápagos. We show that repeated highland adaptation involved selection on multiple shared alleles within extensive chromosomal inversions that originated from an initial adaptation event on the oldest island. These highland inversions first spread through dispersal of highland individuals. Subsequent admixture with the widely distributed lowland ecotype resulted in polymorphic dispersive populations from which the highland populations evolved on the youngest islands. Our findings emphasize the significance of an ancient divergence in driving repeated evolution and highlight how a mixed contribution of inter-island colonization and within-island evolution can shape parallel species communities on islands.</p>
Chromosomal inversions from an initial ecotypic divergence drive a gradual repeated radiation of Galápagos beetles
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Local adaptation from afar: migratory bird populations diverge in the initiation of reproductive timing while wintering in sympatry
<p><span>The initiation of reproduction in many seasonally breeding animals is controlled by photoperiod and tends to be clinal: populations at higher latitudes breed later than those at lower latitudes, often reflecting a higher photoperiodic threshold. Migratory animals presumably time reproduction to match conditions at their breeding grounds at least in part by cues perceived</span> on their wintering grounds<span>. </span>We asked how closely related dark-eyed junco (<i>Junco hyemalis</i>) populations that overwinter in sympatry but breed in allopatry respond to their shared winter environment by comparing early spring indices of readiness to migrate and breed (baseline and elevated testosterone). We measured stable hydrogen isotopes from feathers grown the preceding year and claws grown during winter to estimate breeding and wintering latitudes, respectively. We predicted that if reproductive initiation is adapted to the emergence of resources at their respective breeding destinations, then birds migrating to higher latitudes (slate-colored junco; <i>J. h. hyemalis</i>) should delay breeding as compared to those migrating to lower latitudes (pink-sided junco; <i>J. h. mearnsi</i>) despite a common overwinter environment. We found higher testosterone in pink-sided juncos consistent with earlier reproductive initiation, suggesting local adaptation in reproductive phenology achieved through differential responses to predictive environmental cues.</p>
Data from: A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to rearrangement spread during initial stages of speciation
Chromosomal rearrangements between sympatric species often contain multiple loci contributing to assortative mating, local adaptation, and hybrid sterility. When and how these associations arise during the process of speciation remains a subject of debate. Here, we address the relative roles of local adaptation and assortative mating on the dynamics of rearrangement evolution by studying how a rearrangement co-varies with sexual and ecological trait divergence within a species. Previously, a chromosomal rearrangement that suppresses recombination on the Z (sex) chromosome was identified in European corn borer moths (Ostrinia nubilalis). We further characterize this recombination suppressor and explore its association with variation in sex pheromone communication and seasonal ecological adaptation in pairs of populations that are divergent in one or both of these characteristics. Direct estimates of recombination suppression in pedigree mapping families indicated that more than 39% of the Z chromosome (encompassing up to ~10 megabases and ~ 300 genes) resides within a non-recombining unit, including pheromone olfactory receptor (OR) genes and a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that contributes to ecotype differences (Pdd). Combining direct and indirect estimates of recombination suppression, we found that the rearrangement was occasionally present between sexually isolated strains (E versus Z) and between divergent ecotypes (univoltine versus bivoltine). However, it was only consistently present when populations differed in both sexual and ecological traits. Our results suggest that independent of the forces that drove the initial establishment of the rearrangement, a combination of sexual and ecological divergence is required for rearrangement spread during speciation.
Local adaptation from afar: migratory bird populations diverge in the initiation of reproductive timing while wintering in sympatry
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Data from: A combination of sexual and ecological divergence contributes to rearrangement spread during initial stages of speciation
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Data from: Initial disturbance intensity affects recovery rates and successional divergence on abandoned ski slopes
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Data from: Did post-glacial sea-level changes initiate the evolutionary divergence of a Tasmanian endemic raptor from its mainland relative?
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Divergent N-deficiency-dependent senescence initiation and transcriptome response in developmentally old and young Brassica napus leaves
GEO Series GSE97653. Brassica napus. 36 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Nascent RNA sequencing reveals widespread pausing and divergent initiation at human promoters
GEO Series GSE13518. Homo sapiens. 2 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Telomeric retrotransposon HeT-A contains a bidirectional promoter that initiates divergent transcription of piRNA precursors in Drosophila germline
GEO Series GSE78135. Drosophila melanogaster. 3 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Different mechanisms of hypersynchrony initiation lead to divergent transcriptome changes in the mouse forebrain
GEO Series GSE149754. Mus musculus. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Initiation of mtDNA transcription is followed by pausing, and diverge across human cell types and during evolution
GEO Series GSE85747. Caenorhabditis elegans; Drosophila melanogaster; Pan troglodytes; Rattus norvegicus; Mus musculus; Macaca mulatta; Homo sapiens. 0 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Third-party reanalysis.
CTCF blocks anti-sense transcription initiation at divergent gene promoters
GEO Series GSE173444. Homo sapiens; Mus musculus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
CTCF blocks anti-sense transcription initiation at divergent gene promoters [ChIP-Seq]
GEO Series GSE173443. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
CTCF blocks anti-sense transcription initiation at divergent gene promoters [PRO-Seq]
GEO Series GSE173442. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.